4 results on '"MOSCA, ORIANA"'
Search Results
2. Applying the Implicit Association Test to Measure Intolerance of Uncertainty.
- Author
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Mosca, Oriana, Dentale, Francesco, Lauriola, Marco, and Leone, Luigi
- Subjects
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UNCERTAINTY , *ASSOCIATION tests , *TOLERATION , *PERSONALITY & intelligence , *TEST reliability - Abstract
Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is a key trans-diagnostic personality construct strongly associated with anxiety symptoms. Traditionally, IU is measured through self-report measures that are prone to bias effects due to impression management concerns and introspective difficulties. Moreover, self-report scales are not able to intercept the automatic associations that are assumed to be main determinants of several spontaneous responses (e.g., emotional reactions). In order to overcome these limitations, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was applied to measure IU, with a particular focus on reliability and criterion validity issues. The IU-IAT and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Inventory (IUI) were administered to an undergraduate student sample (54 females and 10 males) with a mean age of 23 years (SD=1.7). Successively, participants were asked to provide an individually chosen uncertain event from their own lives that may occur in the future and were requested to identify a number of potential negative consequences of it. Participants' responses in terms of cognitive thoughts (i.e., cognitive appraisal) and worry reactions toward these events were assessed using the two subscales of the Worry and Intolerance of Uncertainty Beliefs Questionnaire. The IU-IAT showed an adequate level of internal consistency and a not significant correlation with the IUI. A path analysis model, accounting for 35% of event-related worry, revealed that IUI had a significant indirect effect on the dependent variable through event-related IU thoughts. By contrast, as expected, IU-IAT predicted event-related worry independently from IU thoughts. In accordance with dual models of social cognition, these findings suggest that IU can influence event-related worry through two different processing pathways (automatic vs. deliberative), supporting the criterion and construct validity of the IU-IAT. The potential role of the IU-IAT for clinical applications was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Attitude Toward Ambiguity.
- Author
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Lauriola, Marco, Foschi, Renato, Mosca, Oriana, and Weller, Joshua
- Subjects
ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ATTITUDE testing ,CHI-squared test ,COGNITION ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,EMOTIONS ,FACTOR analysis ,PERSONALITY assessment ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,REPLICATION (Experimental design) ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SELF-evaluation ,SURVEYS ,THOUGHT & thinking ,CULTURAL values ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,UNDERGRADUATES ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Two studies were conducted to examine the factor structure of attitude toward ambiguity, a broad personality construct that refers to personal reactions to perceived ambiguous stimuli in a variety of context and situations. Using samples from two countries, Study 1 mapped the hierarchical structure of 133 items from seven tolerance–intolerance of ambiguity scales (N = 360, Italy; N = 306, United States). Three major factors—Discomfort with Ambiguity, Moral Absolutism/Splitting, and Need for Complexity and Novelty—were recovered in each country with high replicability coefficients across samples. In Study 2 (N = 405, Italian community sample; N =366, English native speakers sample), we carried out a confirmatory analysis on selected factor markers. A bifactor model had an acceptable fit for each sample and reached the construct-level invariance for general and group factors. Convergent validity with related traits was assessed in both studies. We conclude that attitude toward ambiguity can be best represented a multidimensional construct involving affective (Discomfort with Ambiguity), cognitive (Moral Absolutism/Splitting), and epistemic (Need for Complexity and Novelty) components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Happiness Maximization Is a WEIRD Way of Living.
- Author
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Krys, Kuba, Kostoula, Olga, van Tilburg, Wijnand A. P., Mosca, Oriana, Lee, J. Hannah, Maricchiolo, Fridanna, Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra, Kocimska-Bortnowska, Agata, Torres, Claudio, Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Liew, Kongmeng, Bond, Michael H., Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi, Vignoles, Vivian L., Zelenski, John M., Haas, Brian W., Park, Joonha, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Kwiatkowska, Anna, and Roczniewska, Marta
- Abstract
Psychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the
ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why “happiness maximization” might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction—the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology—involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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