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Several researchers have found that men who have committed sexual aggression have inadequate coping strategies (e.g., paraphilic sexual fantasies, substance abuse). However, very few researchers have empirically examined the factors potentially associated with the development of these strategies. In 2011, Maniglio hypothesized that the inadequate coping strategies of men who have committed sexual aggression are the result of childhood victimization, mediated by internalized psychological problems. The present study therefore empirically tested this hypothesis in a Canadian sample of 205 men who had committed sexual aggression against women, of whom 37 committed sexual murder. Structural equation modeling (SEM) resulted in the identification of several direct and indirect trajectories leading from childhood victimization (psychological, physical, sexual) to the development of inadequate coping strategies (paraphilic sexual fantasies, alcohol and drug use) mediated by internalized psychological problems (e.g., anxiety, depression, social isolation). The theoretical and clinical implications of these developmental trajectories are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health stigma is a relevant phenomenon with implications for the people who suffer from it. Despite its importance, no studies have been carried out in Spain at national level with a representative sample of the population. Aims: The aim of this research is to analyze the stigma associated with MHPs in a representative sample of the Spanish population for the first time. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a representative sample of the population (N = 2746). Descriptive analyses and regressions are carried out on the different dimensions of stigma such as attitude, attribution and intention of social distance. Results: Medium levels of stigma are obtained in stigmatizing attitudes and attributions, and medium-low levels in the intention of social distance. The best predictors of stigma in its different dimensions are attitudes, attributions and intention of social distance themselves. Progressive political ideology is related to less stigma in all dimensions. Knowing someone with mental health problems and talking openly about it together with higher education are also relevant protectors. Mixed results are obtained regarding age, gender and help-seeking. Conclusion: National programs and campaigns focused on attitudes, attributions and behavioral intentions are necessary to reduce the stigma still present in Spanish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the relationship between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and scores on neuropsychological tests (such as those measuring processing speed and reaction time) is inconclusive, and the association between SCT and motor incoordination and dysgraphia has not been objectively investigated. Mothers of 413 elementary school children (6–12 years of age) rated their children on the Pediatric Behavior Scale (PBS), which yields psychological problem scores, including SCT. Children were administered an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests assessing processing and performance speed, working memory, immediate and delayed recall, sustained attention, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, fine motor manipulative skill, verbal fluency and retrieval, set shifting, and interference control, as well as intelligence and reading and math achievement. Only three of the 19 correlations between SCT and neuropsychological scores were significant, and all involved graphomotor tests (two timed and one untimed). In regression analysis, the strongest independent predictor of SCT was the maternal PBS incoordination factor score, followed by ratings of autism, inattention, and depression. Neuropsychological test scores did not contribute significantly more to predicting SCT. Among the incoordination PBS factor items, clumsy and draws or writes poorly were significant SCT predictors. Our novel and unexpected findings showed that motor incoordination was a stronger correlate of SCT than other variables assessed in our study, including those previously linked with SCT. Future SCT research needs to include measures of incoordination and dysgraphia in order to replicate and expand upon the current findings. Our results suggest that SCT traits are not reliably measured by currently available neuropsychological tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although most parental discipline research examines the effects of discipline in children and adolescents, recent research has demonstrated that emerging adults continue to receive parental discipline. Importantly, a newly validated instrument for assessing discipline specifically during emerging adulthood has been created. Scales from this instrument include maternal and paternal approval, disappointment, and abuse, and these scales were associated with other parenting behaviors and psychological outcomes during emerging adulthood. However, a person-centered approach has not been conducted with this instrument. Given that discipline occurs at an idiographic level and that group norms inform such behaviors, a person-centered approach would identify highly informative emerging adult profiles based on patterns of discipline they receive from their parents. Thus, the current study utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) of 1110 participants attending a Southern United States university to identify emerging adult discipline profiles. These groups were then associated with parental and emerging adult psychological problems to gain an understanding of how these factors relate to different patterns of discipline across gender. Results best supported four profiles labeled as approving, distant, disappointed, and abusive. These groups reported increasingly higher parental and personal psychological problems across approving, distant, disappointed, and abusive profiles. Gender moderated some of these effects. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. Method: This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. Comments: COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate – are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Joint physical custody, children spending equal time in each parents' respective home after a parental divorce, is particularly common in Nordic compared with other Western countries. Older children have been shown to fare well in this practice but for young children there are few existing studies. The aim of this paper is to study psychological problems in 2- to 9-year-old Nordic children in different family forms. Methods: Total symptom score according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as well as scores showing externalizing problems were compared among 152 children in joint physical custody, 303 in single care and 3207 in nuclear families through multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Children in single care had more psychological symptoms than those in joint physical custody (B = 1.08; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.67) and those in nuclear families had the least reported symptoms (B = −0.53; 95% CI −0.89 to −0.17). Externalizing problems were also lower in nuclear families (B = −0.28, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.04) compared with joint physical custody after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Young children with non-cohabiting parents suffered from more psychological problems than those in intact families. Children in joint physical custody had a lower total problem score than those in single care after adjusting for covariates. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before the separation are needed to inform policy of young children's post-separation living arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with high rates of co-occurring health conditions. While elevated prescription rates of psychotropic medications have been reported in the United Kingdom and the United States, there is a paucity of research investigating clinical and prescribing practices in Australia. This study describes the problems managed and medications prescribed by general practitioners in Australia during encounters where an autism spectrum disorder was recorded. Information was collected from 2000 to 2014 as part of the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme. Encounters where patients were aged less than 25 years and autism spectrum disorder was recorded as one of the reasons for encounter and/or problems managed (n = 579) were compared to all other Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme encounters with patients aged less than 25 years (n = 281,473). At ‘autism spectrum disorder’ encounters, there was a significantly higher management rate of psychological problems, and significantly lower management rates of skin, respiratory and general/unspecified problems, than at ‘non-autism spectrum disorder’ encounters. The rate of psychological medication prescription was significantly higher at ‘autism spectrum disorder’ encounters than at ‘non-autism spectrum disorder’ encounters. The most common medications prescribed at ‘autism spectrum disorder’ encounters were antipsychotics and antidepressants. Primary healthcare providers need adequate support and training to identify and manage physical and mental health concerns among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social networking is seen as a way to enhance social support and feeling of well-being. The present work explores the potentials of social networking sites as an adjunctive treatment modality for initiating treatment contact as well as for managing psychological problems. Materials and Methods: Interview schedule, Facebook intensity questionnaire were administered on 28 subjects with a combination of 18 males and 10 females. They were taken from the in-patient and out-patient psychiatry setting of the hospital. Results: Facebook was the most popular sites and used to seek emotional support on the basis of the frequent updates of emotional content that users put in their profile; reconciliations, escape from the problems or to manage the loneliness; getting information about illness and its treatment and interaction with experts and also manifested as problematic use. Conclusions: It has implications for developing social networking based adjunctive treatment modality for psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of studies have shown that parental divorce is associated with psychological maladjustment in children. Less is known about whether the magnitude of this association has changed over time. This is mainly because of the lack of repeated data, containing identical measures over time. In the present article, the authors use data from two waves of the Swedish Level of Living Survey, conducted in 1968 and 2000, to analyze whether the association between parental divorce and psychological adjustment in 19- to 34-year-olds (i.e., born during 1934-1949 and 1966-1981) has changed between the two survey years. Results indicate a weakening association over time, but the change does not reach statistical significance. A reason for the persisting link seems to be that parental divorce is still associated with economic hardship and, above all, family dissension, two conditions that in turn are strongly associated with psychological problems in children. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An audit was conducted of a counsellor's work over the period 1989-1993 at two general practice surgeries in Coventry. Comparative data were available for general practitioner (GP)-referred patients seen in the district clinical psychology department in Coventry during 1988-192. The counsellor saw significantly more patients referred with anxiety, depression, marital problems, child management and physical illness than did psychologists, whilst psychologists saw significantly more patients with relationship problems and personality disorders. To the question, 'Are these services effective?' the answer is yes, both services are effective, but they are treating different patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on various studies related to the view that patients with cleft lip and palate suffer from psychological problems. According to a study conducted by researcher E. Clifford, the birth of any congenitally deformed child shocks his or her parents. Researcher L.C. Richman says that teachers tend to underestimate the intelligence quotient of children with clefts. He says that this may lead to some children having lower expectations of themselves.