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The use of outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) is an effective strategy to promote physical activity. The equipment normally includes information panels with phrases and images describing appropriate exercises. However, as using this equipment inappropriately is a potential problem, it is important to find an optimal unsupervised instruction method for correct exercise execution. Our objective in this study was to determine which of several exercise prescription methods, without direct professional supervision, might best instruct adolescents to correctly engage in upper limb motor execution on outdoor flexion-extension equipment. A total of 54 adolescents from a middle socioeconomic level in northwest Spain participated in this descriptive and quasi-experimental study. We randomly assigned members of this convenience sample into three groups who received either video instruction, instruction via images or written panel instructions. We used observational methodology in videographic analysis to evaluate the mistakes participants made in motor execution with each instructional method. We utilized different analytic techniques from observational methodology: statistical analyses (means, standard deviation, confidence intervals, ANOVA, etc.) and detecting T-Patterns with Theme and polar coordinate analysis using HOISAN. Participants who relied on video instructions committed fewer errors than those who relied on panel instructions. The video method prevented loss of information that occurred when instructional images were used. We suggest including a QR code on outdoor fitness equipment in open-air parks to permit users to download an explanatory video to their mobile phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe the temporal structure of judo combat for the different weight categories in men with visual impairments so that coaches can adapt traditional judo training methods to this specific population. Observational methodology was used in 184 combats (n = 92 male senior judokas with visual impairments). A T-Patterns study (THEME) and a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were carried out. The results showed that most of the observed combats ended before regulation time was over (81%). The different weight categories must be taken into account in order to establish adequate training patterns for this population. Special attention must be paid to Work Sequence Time in Stand-up Judo (WSSQT) since this parameter showed significant differences (p = 0.001). The mean values obtained in the studied combats indicate that visual disability accounts for the shorter work sequences and longer pause sequences observed in this group of judokas. These results confirmed that the temporal structure of judo combat in male athletes with visual impairments is different from that of fully-sighted ones. Given all that, a different approach to training each group of judokas becomes necessary, since the temporal structure of the combat is different in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent technical errors, and their associated behavioural sequences, in the judo throw osoto-gari, proposing improvements to the way in which judo is taught and learnt. Inexperienced students (n=55, 30 males and 25 females; M=24.8 years, SD=2.3) from the Faculty of Educational and Sports Science at the University of Vigo (Spain) were recorded on digital video while performing the technique. The results of this systematic observational study based in descriptive statistics and the sequential analysis of temporal patterns were obtained via the THEME v.5 software, revealing a series of typical errors when learning the osoto-gari. Specific sequences of errors were identified being able to propose motor tasks and teaching-learning processes to ensure that novices successfully learnt the osoto-gari technique. Recommendations about the use of feedback are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One aim of the study was to describe the temporal structure of judo combat among male judokas with visual impairments. Another aim was to determine the possible differences between the judokas with visual impairments and sighted male judokas to determine whether judokas with visual impairments need specific training to achieve their maximum performance level. Methods: Observational methodology was used in 184 combats (n = 92 male senior judokas with visual impairments). A T-Patterns study (THEME) and a descriptive statistical analysis (SPSS) were conducted. Results: The results showed that most of the observed combats ended before the regulation time was over (81%). The temporal structure observed in judokas with visual impairments was as follows: total combat time: 4 minutes, 26 seconds; total pause time: 2 minutes, 38 seconds; total stand-up fight time: 1 minute, 22 seconds; and total ground fight time: 60 seconds. The number of sequences were as follows: 6.9 pause sequences with a duration of 19.6 seconds each, 12.4 work sequences with a duration of 22 seconds each, 7.9 work sequences in stand-up judo with a duration of 11.7 seconds each, and 4.5 work sequences in ground judo with a duration of 12.9 seconds each. Discussion: The combats' mean values revealed that, compared to male sighted judokas, judokas with visual impairments perform shorter work sequences and need longer pause sequences because of their impairment. Implications for Practitioners: These data indicate that the temporal structure of judo combat in athletes with visual impairments is different from the temporal structure of judo combat in sighted athletes, which indicates that the appropriate training for each group should be different. This article describes a specific temporal structure that is applicable to traditional judo training methods, fits these athletes' needs, and is available for coaches who train judokas with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]