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It is easier to assume that educated older adults will find digital gadgets or the Internet as simple to use as the young generation does. However, it is not as simple as that. The generation that was not born into the digital world but has had to make an effort to learn to use digital technologies during their middle or late middle age is referred to as Digital Immigrants (DIs). Most of these individuals were forced to adapt to information technologies due to environmental pressure to survive and thrive at their workplace. The objective of this study is to investigate if the proposed "digital divide" that differentiates digital immigrants from digital natives (DNs) exists among e-commerce users in India, and if so, are digital immigrants less likely to adopt and use e-commerce services? Data was collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire from 432 Indian Internet users aged 19 to 65. Multigroup structural equation modeling analysis (M-SEM) of data revealed that DIs and DNs perceive e-commerce services differently. Though digital immigrants find e-commerce services challenging to use, their higher perception of its usefulness propels them to adopt and use e-commerce. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by extending our understanding of the technology adoption behavior of digital immigrants. The study's implications and the scope for future research are discussed at the end of the article. Plain language summary: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if the proposed "digital divide" that differentiates digital immigrants from digital natives (DNs) exists among e-commerce users in India, and if so, are digital immigrants less likely to adopt and use e-commerce services? Method: Data was collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire from 432 Indian Internet users aged 19 to 65. Multigroup structural equation modeling analysis was used to investigate the proposed hypotheses. Conclusion: Digital immigrants and digital natives differ in their approaches toward e-commerce adoption and use. Implication: Though digital immigrants find e-commerce services challenging to use, their higher perception of its usefulness propels them to adopt and use e-commerce. Limitation: Studies in the past pointed out that the digital divide and generational cohorts cannot be defined merely based on the year of birth. It should be based on a complex mix of shared experiences, life events, and socioeconomic developments during individuals' growing-up years. Hence, rather than seeing the difference between "digital natives and digital immigrants" as a rigid dichotomy based on age, we should have used the "Technology Readiness Index (TRI)" scale developed by Parasuraman or Digital Natives Assessment Scale (DNAS) to distinguish digital immigrants from digital natives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underrepresentation of women and students of color has been a longstanding issue in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The present study examined factors that contribute to academic satisfaction among 585 women college students of color (M age = 21.42, SD age = 3.25; n Black = 174, n Latina = 171, n Asian = 240), based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory satisfaction model. Experiences of discrimination was selected as an environmental obstacle and proactive personality as a person input in the model. In addition, critical consciousness was included as a personal resource variable. Multigroup measurement invariance tests and multigroup structural equation modeling were conducted to examine the racial/ethnic differences in constructs and their interrelationships. The findings showed that discrimination, proactive personality, and critical consciousness contributed to academic satisfaction via self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal progress. Theoretical, clinical, and institutional implications are discussed in light of the findings. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]