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Polymeric coating techniques have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industries for diversified reasons. Various materials are being investigated as polymers as there is scarcity of good polymeric materials to be used in pharmaceutical products. The present study was aimed at evaluating novel natural material gum sandarac, a resin obtained by incision from the stem of Callitris quadrivalvis , Ventenat (N.O. Coniferae) Pinaceae as a coating material for developing coated pellets for sustained release of drug and comparing it with well known ethyl cellulose as hydrophobic polymeric material. Drug layered NPS, drug loaded pellets prepared with extrusion spheronization and NPS coated with drug polymer matrix were used as multi particulate formulation. The results indicate that Gum Sandarac is very efficient in retarding release of drugs from different pellet formulations yielding very superior quality pellet.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficiency of fenugreek gum for developing gastro retentive floating tablets of Sumatriptan succinate when used alone or in combination with established polymers. The floating Tablet were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation technique and evaluated for various parameters like physical characterization, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, swelling index and in-vitro buoyancy and drug release. Fenugreek gum was efficient as release retardant and floating agent when used alone or in combinations with HPMC. The results indicated that fenugreek gum effectively sustained release for 12 hrs with parameters such as floating lag time, buoyancy, and floating time in acceptable range. In-vitro drug release kinetics evaluated using the linear regression method was found to follow the Higuchi release kinetics equation. This suggests that fenugreek gum can be a novel hydrophilic polymer in designing of FDDS.

Free hydroxyl groups of glucose monomer of starch substituted with steroyl group by chemical modification leads to the formation of starch stearate (SS). Modification changes the nature from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and thus used as controlled release excipient. In present study, SS was evaluated as release modifying polymer and MCC, Lactose, Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and combinations of these were used to evaluate effect on drug release of Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) and Diclofenac sodium (DS). FT-IR studies of polymer with VH and DS have shown no significant drug:polymer interactions. Decrease in in-vitro drug dissolution was observed with increase in polymer concentration. Cumulative drug released for DS (hydrophobic) was more sustained than hydrophilic drug (VH). Drug release from formulations containing 30%w/w of SS after 8h was 81.61 (for VH) and 25.08% (for DS). DCP retarded drug release more when used alone. After 8h % drug release from formulations containing 30%w/w of SS was 49.86 (VH) and 24.19 (DS). The use of lactose alone increased the drug release and combination of DCP:Lactose in equal proportion with 15 %w/w SS sustained more i.e. 42.62% (VH) drug release at the end of 8h.

Sustained release, prolonged action, extended action are the terms used to identify drug delivery system that are designed to achieve prolong therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time after administration of a single dose. Matrix systems, because of their ease of manufacture, their flexibility to obtain a desirable drug release profile, cost effectiveness, and broad regulatory acceptance are preferred for formulating these dosage forms. Polymers are the most important part in any type of release modified formulations. Predominantly hydrophobic materials are widely used to fabricate the matrix systems. Various materials are being investigated as polymers as there is scarcity of good polymeric materials to be used in pharmaceutical products. The present study was aimed at evaluating novel natural material gum sandarac, a resin obtained by incision from the stem of Callitris quadrivalvis, Ventenat (N.O. Coniferae) Pinaceae as a hydrophobic matrixing material for developing coated pellets for sustained release of drug and comparing it with well known ethyl cellulose as hydrophobic polymeric material.

Anaemia is one of the most prevalent blood related disorder. The present study was carried out to study the haematinic effect of ayurvedic iron preparations lauha bhasma in treating anaemia in wistar rats of either sex. Anaemia was induced by intra-peritonial administration of phenyl hydrazine. Three different doses of lauha bhasma were evaluated for the haematinic activity and compared with that of Ferrous sulphate. The results suggest that lauha bhasmas shows significant haematinic activity.

The study deals with the effects of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of three commonly used diluents on IR tablets of model soluble and insoluble drugs. Conventional tablets with diluents, used individually and in combinations, were prepared by direct compression, dry granulation and wet granulation. Effects of binder amount, disintegrant and its time of addition were evaluated. Tensile strength, friability, disintegration, contact angle, wettability and dissolution of tablets were assessed. Results reveal that hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of drug and diluents markedly influence various tablet properties and should be thoroughly considered prior formulations.

Effects of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of three commonly used diluents on characteristics and functioning of sustained release tablets were assessed. Tablets of model soluble and insoluble drugs were formulated with HPMC and ethyl cellulose. Hardness, friability, disintegration, contact angle, wettability and dissolution of tablets were studied. These sustained release formulations were noticeably affected by hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of drug and diluents and should be meticulously given a thought.

Antidepressants are the drugs used to treat depression thereby elevates mood and modifies the behavior. The main aims in the development of new antidepressants were greater efficacy, absence of side effects, lack of toxicity in over dose and earlier onset of action. In this study, a series of novel substituted benzothiazepine was synthesized and evaluated for antidepressant-like activity by using or forced swim test (FST). This study was designed to synthesized; identify and antidepressant-like activity of novel derivatives of benzothiazepine. Our synthetic route started from substituted aromatic aldehyde which was reacted with 2-aminothiophenol and ethyl or methyl acetoacetate led to the formation of the title compounds. Total 22 benzothiazepine derivatives were synthesized. All compounds were tested for antidepressant activity by using or forced swim test (FST). All the synthesized compounds were subjected to antidepressant-like activity study on Sprague-Dawley rats by despair swim test. Imipramine was used as standard control. The results showed that all the compounds showed antidepressant activity. Among them two Compounds (A3, A6,B1 B3, and B6) showed significant antidepressant-like activity comparing with standard control imipramine. We investigated the importance of functional group substitutions, in the structural framework of the compounds for their antidepressant-like activity. All compounds showed significant antidepressant-like activity at dose (30 mg/kg). Finally, the encouraging result of the antidepressant-like activity displayed by these compounds may be of interest for further structural modifications to the lead compound and next level studies in the hope of finding a new potent antidepressant prescription.

This study was designed to synthesize, characterize and to evaluate the pharmacological activity of 1, 3-benzoxazin- 4-one derivatives. Totally thirteen compounds, were synthesized by conventional method. Purity of the synthesized compounds was ascertained by TLC and melting point determination by open capillary tube method and they were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. Antidepressant activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated by despair swim test by using Sprague Dawley Rats. Standard drug Imipramine was used as the control. In the results of the spectral study, all the compounds showed characteristic peak in IR and NMR spectroscopy. In the despair swim test, all the synthesized derivatives showed antidepressant activity. Among them three Compounds (A4, A5 and A7) showed significant antidepressant activity comparing with control drug imipramine. These results are useful for the further investigation in the future.

The synthesis, structure and biological activity of Oxadiazole derivatives have long been the focus of research interests in the field of Medicinal Chemistry. A number of Oxadiazole derivatives have been reported to possess interesting biological activities such as Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Antifungal activities etc. Around 09 new derivatives were synthesized, with the standard chemicals and well established procedures. The synthesized compounds were tested for their preliminary tests, physical constants, TLC etc. IR, 1 H-NMR Spectra and CHN analysis confirmed the structures of the final compounds. The proposed compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities with the standard drugs in the well-equipped microbiology and pharmacology lab by using standard methods.

The aqueous polyherbal extract of betel, clove, fennel and black catechu was evaluated for gastro-protective (antiulcer) activity in rats using the aspirin and ethanol induced ulcer models. Efficacy was assessed by determination of ulcer index and percentage of ulcer protection. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging procedure. Oral administration of the aqueous extract (250 mg/kg) and (500 mg/kg) showed dose dependent antiulcer activity and protected gastric lesions by about 65 to 75% respectively compared to standard drug Omeprazole (98%). The findings suggest that the polyherbal extract have significant gastro-protective activity.