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Two experiments were conducted to determine In Vitro Dry Matter Disappearance (IVDMD) of Brewers Dried Grains (BDG) and corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and to investigate effects of supplemental β-glucanase on the IVDMD in barley, BDG and corn DDGS for pigs. In experiment 1, the IVDMD in corn DDGS and two BDG sources produced from Cameroon and Republic of Korea were determined. A three-step IVDMD procedure was employed to simulate digestion of nutrients in the test ingredients by pigs. The digestion 3 steps were for the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine of pigs. All digestion procedures were conducted in triplicate. The IVDMD in corn DDGS and two BDG sources from Cameroon and Korea was 62.2, 49.2 and 41.0% (±0.6; p

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestibility of energy and Crude Protein (CP) in Korean Rice Wine Residues (RWR) using in vitro and in vivo approaches. In the in vitro experiment, 2-step and 3-step in vitro disappearance procedures were employed to determine in vitro Ileal Disappearance (IVID) and in vitro Total Tract Disappearance (IVTTD) of nutrients, respectively, in corn, a Soybean Meal-Wheat Mixture (SBMW), RWR and the experimental diets used in the in vivo experiment. In the in vivo experiment, 3 Jeju Island native pigs fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum with an initial mean body weight of 74.8±5.4 kg were individually housed in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. A replicated 3×3 Latin square design was employed with 3 dietary treatments, 6 periods and 3 animals. Three experimental diets based on the corn and SBMW with a constant ratio (corn:SBMW = 3.06:1) were formulated to contain 0, 15 or 30% of RWR. All diets contained 0.5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Korean RWR had greater IVID of Dry Matter (DM) than corn and SBMW (p

This experiment was conducted to growth curve models for leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and wild-type mice fed a meal-form High-Fat (HF) diet prepared in-house for over 120 weeks. Two hundred and twenty-four sets of Body Weight (BW) and age data were collected from ob/ob mice and 485 sets of data were collected from wild-type mice. All animals had free access to the HF diet (34.3% energy from fat) and water. Individual BW and survival rates of mice were measured. To develop growth curves of ob/ob mice and wild-type mice fed the HF diet, Gompertz and Logistic growth models were employed. The survival rates of ob/ob mice fed the HF diet were lower than those of wild-type mice. Models for estimating growth of ob/ob mice fed the HF diet were: BW, g = 61.36 × e-2.56×e^-0.13t in Gompertz model (Akaike’s Information Criterion, AIC = 1,694); and BW, g = 60.65 × (1 + 7.04 × e-0.18t)-1 in Logistic model (AIC = 1,719). Growth models for wild-type mice fed the HF diet were: BW, g = 28.94 × e-1.75×e^-0.13t in Gompertz model (AIC = 3,171); and BW, g = 28.23 × (1 + 4.85 × e-0.25t)-1 in Logistic model (AIC = 3,198). In conclusion, Gompertz models may be more appropriate to estimate the growth of ob/ob mouse fed the diet with high-fat concentration.

The objective of the experiment was to determine the Standardized Ileal Digestible (SID) lysine requirement for weanling pigs from 6 to 10 kg of Body Weight (BW). A total of 216 weanling pigs with an initial BW of 6.23±0.93 kg were assigned to six diets in a randomized complete block design with five blocks based on BW. Six corn-dried whey-soybean meal-based diets were formulated to contain 6 concentrations of SID lysine from 1.17 to 1.62% with an increment of 0.09% at the expense of corn. Pigs were fed experimental diets during 14 days of trial and BW of pigs and feed intake were recorded on day 7 and 14. During the first 7 days, average daily gain, Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Gain:Feed (G:F) of pigs were not affected by the dietary SID lysine concentration. However, the ADFI of pigs linearly decreased (p=0.002) as the SID lysine concentration increased during the following 7 days. During the overall period, the addition of dietary SID lysine linearly decreased (p=0.007) ADFI whereas linearly increased (p=0.011) G:F. The SID lysine requirement was determined by four different statistical analyses including linear broken-line model, quadratic broken-line model, 95% of the upper asymptotic value of quadratic model and the former intercept between plateau of the linear broken-line model and quadratic model. Mean value for the SID lysine requirement was 1.43% (4.07 g/Mcal metabolizable energy), ranged from 1.39 to 1.49% (from 3.95 to 4.24 g/Mcal metabolizable energy) based on G:F of pigs from 6 to 10 kg of BW.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of various inclusion levels of I²-mannanase on the energy and mannan digestibility in diets containing corn, Soybean Meal (SBM) and Palm Kernel Expellers (PKE) fed to growing pigs. The PKE contained 92.6% dry matter, 4,417 kcal gross energy kg-1, 4.02% ash and 31.3% mannan on an as-fed basis. Six barrows with an initial body weight of 41.4±1.7 kg were individually housed in metabolism crates equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. Pigs were randomly allotted to a 6A—6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. An experimental period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 5-d collection period. Pigs were fed corn-SBM-based diets containing 15% PKE with 0, 400, 800, 1,600, 2,400 or 3,200 U kg-1 of I²-mannanase. A chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker for fecal collection according to a marker-to-marker procedure. Urine was also collected from each period. Each of the 6 diets contained 3.60, 3.91, 4.06, 2.57, 3.57 and 2.59% of mannan, respectively. No linear and quadratic effects of I²-mannanase supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility of energy were observed. The digestibility of mannan was also not affected by the increasing level of I²-mannanase supplementation. In conclusion, exogenous I²-mannanase did not affect the energy and mannan digestibility in corn-SBM-based diets containing 15% of PKE fed to growing pigs.

Mycotoxins reduce animal productivity and animal health. The influence of Fusarium mycotoxins in corn co-products on pig performance is an important issue in swine feed industry. This study was conducted to determine the effects of naturally produced Fusarium mycotoxins in Corn Gluten Meal (CGM) on growth performance of nursery pigs. A total 96 weaning pigs comprising 48 gilts and 48 barrows with an initial body weight of 5.08 kg (SD = 1.28) were grouped into 3 blocks in each sex by initial body weight and randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 6 replicate pens per treatment and 4 pigs were housed in each pen. The 4 experimental diets mainly based on corn, CGM, dried whey and soybean meal were formulated to contain 4 concentrations of mycotoxins derived from the contaminated CGM. Diet 1 contained 32 µg kg-1 Deoxynivalenol (DON) and 6 µg kg-1 Zearalenone (ZON) and diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 532, 1,033 and 1,534 µg kg-1 DON and 203, 399 and 596 µg kg-1 ZON, respectively. During the first 14 d of experiment, Average Daily Gain (ADG) was reduced linearly and quadratically (p