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Oral cavity is one of the manifestations that results from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Some of these lesions are suggestive whilst others are specific. However, the oral candidiasis that was observed during HIV infection is specific in terms of its severity and resistance to the usual treatment. Therefore, it is important for all practitioners to know it well in order to be able to make the diagnosis and propose an adequate treatment. During HIV infection, 95% of HIV-positive people have one or more lesions in the oral cavity during their illness. Moreover, oral candidiasis is classified among these lesions. We will describe the different types of candidiasis and their treatment.

Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thorough clinical, radiological and histological examinations in order to exhibit a final diagnosis of solitary bone cyst, as well as the importance of the surgical treatment for a better outcome. Presentation of case: A case of solitary cyst was identified accidentally in the mandibular right premolars’ region of an asymptomatic 14-year-old male patient post orthodontic consultation. Panoramic radiograph revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular, radiolucent area giving a typical scalloped appearance between the roots of the involved teeth, that is, 43–44 (Federation Dentaire Internationale). The lesion was asymptomatic and no cervical lymphadenopathy was detected. Discussion: Solitary bone cysts are infrequent mandibular cavities lacking epithelial coating and that are most commonly found in the posterior region of the lower jaw. They exhibit multiple names such as traumatic bone cyst, hemorrhagic bone cyst, extravasation cyst, progressive bone cavity and single chamber bone cyst. Solitary bone cysts are usually asymptomatic but may cause bone deformities, teeth displacement as well as pathological fractures of the affected region. Solitary bone cyst, also found in other skeletal locations, is often suspected after epidemiologic and radiologic test results and confirmed at surgery. Conclusion: In solitary bone cysts cases, undoubtedly, the determinant factor is surgical exploration of the lesion, although its clinical characteristics and scientific literature descriptions must be borne in mind as well as the fact that histological and radiographic characteristics are important to sustain accurate diagnosis. Since etiology of these cysts is unknown to the present date, it can only be intuited according to personal characteristics of each patient. The most accepted theory suggested a traumatic origin for these lesions. Nevertheless, when trauma is discarded as etiologic factor, the most accepted theory would be related to calcium metabolism alterations associated to the overall condition of our patient.

Aims: The main goal of the following case report was to shed the light on the importance of thorough clinical, radiological and histological examinations in order to elaborate a final diagnosis of asymptomatic dentigerous cysts detected in unusual locations. Presentation of Case: A case of dentigerous cyst was identified accidentally in the maxillary left premolar region of an asymptomatic 14-year-old female post an orthodontic consultation. Histological examination of the tissue specimens following enucleation confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst. Discussion: Dentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cysts after radicular cysts. They involve impacted, un-erupted, permanent, supernumerary, odontomas and rarely deciduous teeth. Dentigerous cysts are usually painless but may cause facial swelling and delayed tooth eruption. Extensive maxillary involvement and childhood presentation are rare. Radio-graphic and histological examinations should be done to confirm the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst. Conclusion: In our case, we showed the presence of a maxillary premolar dentigerous cyst that was removed by enucleation. The presence of dentigerous cyst is not always associated with a syndrome and its removal is very important to avoid future complications.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate oral manifestations of HIV /AIDS patients and to correlate their occurrence with plasma levels of CD4+, CD8+ counts and CD4/CD8 ratio. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Odontology Unit, St-Antoine Hospital, a twoyear study. Methodology: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 50 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were assessed. The relationships between oral lesions and CD4+, CD8+ cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were evaluated. Results: The mean CD4+ counts and CD8+ counts were 167.12 cells/mm 3 and 979.66 cells/mm 3 and the mean CD4/CD8 ratio were 0.25. All patients displayed at least one oral manifestation. The most common identified oral lesion was pseudomembranous candidiasis, accounting for 76% Original Research Article Berberi et al.; BJMMR, 6(9): 859-866, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.261 860 (38/50) followed by periodontal disease 34% (17/50), herpetic lesions, and hairy leukoplakia 10% for each (5/50), gingivitis 8% (4/50), oral ulceration 8% (4/50), Kaposi’s sarcoma 6% (3/50), and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2% (1/50). Conclusion: The CD4+ count was decreasing and the presence of oral lesions were increasing in this study. No relation was found between the presence of oral lesions and CD4/CD8 ratio. Progression to AIDS was characterized by increased prevalence of some oral lesions such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The clinical appearance of oral lesions was more pronounced when CD4+ count was low.