The paper provides data on 21 Caloplaca Th. Fr. species from central European Russia. Two species are new for Russia: C. atroflava (Turner) Mong. s.l. and C. soralifera Vondrák & Hrouzek. A further seven are new for European Russia [C. flavocitrina (Nyl.) H. Olivier, C. inconnexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., C. marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta, C. oasis (A. Massal.) Szatala] or central European Russia [C. dichroa Arup, C. interfulgens (Nyl.) J. Steiner, C. monacensis (Leder.) Lettau]. Short taxonomic notes together with information on habitat and distribution are provided for the newly recorded species. An additional twelve Caloplaca species recognized in the area are also briefly presented. © by Karina Wilk 2015. Acknowledgments. We thank Lyudmila Konoreva ?St. Petersburg) for assistance in collecting lichens, Williams O. Purvis ?London) for pre-submission line-editing, and the anonymous reviewer and Lucyna Śliwa ?Kraków) for critical comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Russian Academy of Science Fundamental Research Program entitled ‘Wildlife: Current Status and Problems of Development’, by grant NSh-1858.2014.4 from the President of the Russian Federation for state support of leading Russian science schools, by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research ?RFFR 14-04-31024) and by the Grant Agency of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, CULS, Prague, 42900/1312/3114. Financial support to KW was provided by the National Sciences Centre ?NCN, grant no. N N303 821740).