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Although there are numerous approaches to the treatment of spasticity, many patients are still unable to find a satisfactory method of managing their spasms with acceptable side effects. In the course of our fertility studies using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPES) in SCI men to produce ejaculation, we observed that a majority of the men experienced significant relief of their spasticity for many hours. This report describes a prospective, single-blinded study of this phenomenon in six SCI men and three SCI women who underwent RPES a total of 71 times. The mean age of the subjects was 28.2 years (21-41), the mean time from injury was 6.0 years (0.5-15); there were three paraplegic and six quadriplegic persons: four were Frankel class A and five were class B. Although all subjects had moderate to severe spasticity, only four took antispasm medications; one had undergone surgery for implantation of an epidural stimulator. The effectiveness of RPES on spasticity was evaluated by each subject for frequency of spasms and interference of daily activities and by independent, blinded assessors for tone, frequency of spasms and DTRs; four patients underwent quantitative videotape analysis of the pendulum test and two underwent somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to evaluate electrical activity in the central nervous system. Treatment variables included varying probe sizes and number of stimulations. All subjects experienced good to excellent decrease in tone, frequency of spasms and interference with ADL from 3 to 24 hours depending on treatment variables used. Mean duration of relief was 8.2 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)