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Prekondicioniranje anesteticima predstavlja zaštitu miokarda tijekom ishemije i reperfuzije koja je potaknuta primjenom inhalacijskih anestetika prije ishemije. Različite unutarstanične protein-kinaze, mitohondrijski i sarkolemalni ATP-osjetljivi K + kanali i slobodni radikali kisika imaju ključnu ulogu u prijenosu unutarstaničnoga signala u prekondicioniranju. Ostali signalni elementi uključeni u prekondicioniranje jesu, ali ne i isključivo: glikogen sintetaza kinaza 3 beta, vaskulami endotelni čimbenik rasta, hipoksijom inducirani čimbenik 1-alfa, endotelna sintaza dušikovoga oksida i različite unutarstanične kinaze kao što su protein-tirozin-kinaze i proteinserin/ treonin-kinaze. Mitohondriji imaju središnju ulogu u mehanizmima stanične smrti i zaštiti stanica u prekondicioniranju. Štoviše, prekondicioniranje anesteticima smanjuje smrt kardiomiocita tako što inhibira otvaranje mitohondrijske PT pore. U ovom preglednom članku opisat ćemo trenutačna stajališta i kontroverze s obzirom na ulogu mitohondrija u kardioprotektivnim učincima inhalacijskih anestetika., Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) describes the protection of myocardium in ischemia and reperfusion injury obtained from applying volatile anesthetics before an ischemic event. Various intracellular kinases, mitochondrial and sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in the signal transduction cascade in APC. The other cellular components involved in APC include but are not limited to: glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, nitric oxide synthase, and different intracellular kinases (e.g. protein tyrosine and protein serine-threonine kinases). Mitochondria are an integral part in the mechanism of cell death as well as cellular protection by preconditioning. Moreover, it has been suggested that APC reduces cardiomyocyte death through the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. This review article addresses current concepts and controversies regarding the specific roles of the mitochondria in cardioprotective signaling by volatile anesthetics.