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Flat feet is one of the factors that influence growth and the development process. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between medial longitudinal arch,and age and agility. Observational analytic design was performed in this study, which took place in Khoirunnas Nurul Hayat kinder garten. The population in this study was 32 children aged 5–6 years old. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling.An examination of flat-foot level was done on the medial longitudinal arch using Clarke’s angle following which 11 children were selected as the subjects of this research. To measure agility, we used a 30-meter shuttle run test. Data analysis was performed with a Spearman’s rho, which produced a p-value of 0.603. The conclusion of this research is that there is no correlation between medial longitudinal arch and agility.

Previous studies have proved that there is a linear correlation between VO2max and slow-twitch fibers in athletes. These studies were done using biopsy, the invasive method, to estimate the muscle fiber type. There is also a non-invasive method, which is convenient to use and not conflicted by ethical law in Indonesia. However, further study regarding muscle fiber shifting and its correlation with the level of fitness using a non-invasive method to estimate muscle fiber is still lacking. This research aims to determine the distribution and correlation between level of fitness and muscle fiber type in non-athletes estimated by a non-invasive method. Muscle fiber type in the quadriceps muscle group and level of fitness were determined in 33 untrained male students with an average age of 20.5 y.o. Muscle fiber type was determined by a non-invasive method by counting the maximal repetition with 80% 1RM weight. The level of fitness was determined a week later by the Astrand ergoc ycle method. The slow-twitch muscle fibers dominated a high fitness level (p=0.002). However, the correlation test between muscle fiber types and fitness level was not significant (p=0.551). This result showed that a high fitness level, which has a higher oxygen consumption, has numerous slow-twitch muscle fibers. It is rich in myoglobin delivering oxygen to maintain the aerobic activity. Yet there is no correlation between the level of fitness and muscle fiber type as estimated by a non-invasive method in quadriceps. Further studies are needed to analyze several factors that may contribute to it.

Floorball is a sport that is played using a stick. One of the skill that a player needs is hand grip. The aim of this research is to understand the relation between hand grip and achievement in Indonesian female floorball athletes. This research was performed by observational analytic design. The subjects of this study were 38 female floorball semi-finalists at the national championship Dekan Cup Unesa II in 2017. The subjects were aged 16–31 years old. The result of the hypothesis test proves that there is no correlation between hand grip and achievement in Indonesian female floorball athlete.

The medial longitudinal arch of the foot has clinical significance because it functions to absorb shocks to the feet and protect the feet from injury. The objective of this study was to look for a correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in children aged 5–6 years. Data were collected from 31 students of Khairunas Nurul Hayat Kindergarten, Surabaya, and a cross-sectional analytic observational study was undertaken using total sampling. BMI measurements were performed by weighing weight and height using a ruler The medial longitudinal angle was measured by using a footprint angle with a pegograph from Clarke. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis with SPSS. The data indicated that the participants’ weight was 16.42 ± 3.93 kg and their height was 109.16 ± 5.20 cm. The mean of BMI was 13.56 ± 2.29 with a distribution of 90.32% within normal BMI range, while the rest was not normal. The angle of the medial longitudin al arch was 15.32 ± 9.10°, with a distribution of 35.48% of students with flat feet and 64.52% with a normal foot arch. The result of a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney comparative test for the flat-feet group and the normal group was p=0.951. The result of a Spearman’s correlation test for BMI and medial longitudinal arch was p=0.355. There was no difference in BMI between flat feet and normal feet; and there was no correlation between BMI and medial longitudinal arch. In the future, research could be carried out using a larger number of research subjects, because the results suggested that the bigger the participant’s BMI, the smaller their medial longitudinal arch