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The Middle Pleistocene coincides with an important climate change, from this time ahead, the 100ky glacial cycles become a dominant feature. The opening of the landscapes, and a series of dispersal events of prairie taxa as the microtines, cricetids, ungulates and carnivores as well as Homo heidelbergensis mark this event. The rareness of fossil faunas of this age makes the Cueva de los Huesos de Obon one of the most important localities of this age in Aragon. Here we provide the first account on the Middle Pleistocene mammals from the Cueva de los Huesos, Obon, Teruel. The fossil mammalian species recovered in Obon are: Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Felis sylvestris, Meles meles Hyaenidae and Carnivora indet., Stephanorhinus cf. hemitoechus, Equus sp. Gr. E. mosbachensis, Cervus elaphus priscus, Hemitragus sp. Erinaceus europaeus, Rhinolophus sp., Allocricetus bursae correzensis, Apodemus sp. This association is somewhat similar to that in the Trinchera Galería, Trinchera Dolina 8b-11 and Sima de los Huesos localities of Atapuerca

The Middle Pleistocene coincides with an important climate change, from this time ahead, the 100ky glacial cycles become a dominant feature. The opening of the landscapes, and a series of dispersal events of prairie taxa as the microtines, cricetids, ungulates and carnivores as well as Homo heidelbergensis mark this event. The rareness of fossil faunas of this age makes the Cueva de los Huesos de Obon one of the most important localities of this age in Aragon. Here we provide the first account on the Middle Pleistocene mammals from the Cueva de los Huesos, Obon, Teruel. The fossil mammalian species recovered in Obon are: Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Felis sylvestris, Meles meles Hyaenidae and Carnivora indet., Stephanorhinus cf. hemitoechus, Equus sp. Gr. E. mosbachensis, Cervus elaphus priscus, Hemitragus sp. Erinaceus europaeus, Rhinolophus sp., Allocricetus bursae correzensis, Apodemus sp. This association is somewhat similar to that in the Trinchera Galería, Trinchera Dolina 8b-11 and Sima de los Huesos localities of Atapuerca

The association of dinosaurs of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation in Galve (Teruel, Aragon, Spain) represents a «jurassic association» by the abundance of primitive clades like basal neosauropods and the scarcity of ornithopods. This fact could indicate the persistence of the Jurassic dinosaur faunas in this part of Laurasia, at least up to the Berriasian. Anyway the absence of stegosaurians could be interpreted as the first evidence of the turnover that would come in the Cretaceous faunas. Our data indicate that the climatic change did not suddenly affected to the dinosaurs of the Tethyan province. On the contrary, the turnover to the modern faunas took place gradually at least during the Berriasian

The association of dinosaurs of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation in Galve (Teruel, Aragon, Spain) represents a «jurassic association» by the abundance of primitive clades like basal neosauropods and the scarcity of ornithopods. This fact could indicate the persistence of the Jurassic dinosaur faunas in this part of Laurasia, at least up to the Berriasian. Anyway the absence of stegosaurians could be interpreted as the first evidence of the turnover that would come in the Cretaceous faunas. Our data indicate that the climatic change did not suddenly affected to the dinosaurs of the Tethyan province. On the contrary, the turnover to the modern faunas took place gradually at least during the Berriasian

An elephant tusk has been found in a fluvial terrace of a small creek affluent of the Martin river. The tooth is slightly curved, almost round in section and becomes increasingly smaller towards the tip. The specimens measurements and morphology lead us to propose it as a task of the "wood elephant" of the Pleistocene of Europe: Paleoloxodon antiquus, probably of an adult male

An elephant tusk has been found in a fluvial terrace of a small creek affluent of the Martin river. The tooth is slightly curved, almost round in section and becomes increasingly smaller towards the tip. The specimens measurements and morphology lead us to propose it as a task of the "wood elephant" of the Pleistocene of Europe: Paleoloxodon antiquus, probably of an adult male

In this paper we present the first results of metrical analysis of premolar and molar lengths and metacarpal length and width of Ursus spelaeus Ros.-Hein. from Coro Tracito cave, the first cave bear high mountain site in Spain. According to their dental dentition size the Coro Tracito bears can be grouped into de the ?normal sized? cave bears of Spain. Their slender metacarpal bones place them between into the Ismail paw? cave bear group. The lower dentine aspartic add razemization ratios allowd us to date the Coro Tracito cave bear population as a tardy population that probably inhabited the area at the 3 Oxigen Stage Episode

Discoveries of isolated teeth of dromeosaurid (theropod) dinosaurs from the Upper Barremian of Spain, provided the first evidence that the range of dromeosaurid extended to southern Europe in the Lower Cretaceous. We report here the dromeosaurid teeth from Vallipon (Artoles Formation) in the Iberian Chain (Teruel). The teeth of Vallipon are distinguished from other curved theropod teeth by their strong lateral compression, by the shape of their denticles and by small size. Generally denticles appear only the distal carinae of the teeth. Nevertheless some teeth have denticles on both anterior and posterior margins, although the mesial denticles are much smaller than the distal denticles

Discoveries of isolated teeth of dromeosaurid (theropod) dinosaurs from the Upper Barremian of Spain, provided the first evidence that the range of dromeosaurid extended to southern Europe in the Lower Cretaceous. We report here the dromeosaurid teeth from Vallipon (Artoles Formation) in the Iberian Chain (Teruel). The teeth of Vallipon are distinguished from other curved theropod teeth by their strong lateral compression, by the shape of their denticles and by small size. Generally denticles appear only the distal carinae of the teeth. Nevertheless some teeth have denticles on both anterior and posterior margins, although the mesial denticles are much smaller than the distal denticles

In this paper we present the first results of metrical analysis of premolar and molar lengths and metacarpal length and width of Ursus spelaeus Ros.-Hein. from Coro Tracito cave, the first cave bear high mountain site in Spain. According to their dental dentition size the Coro Tracito bears can be grouped into de the ?normal sized? cave bears of Spain. Their slender metacarpal bones place them between into the Ismail paw? cave bear group. The lower dentine aspartic add razemization ratios allowd us to date the Coro Tracito cave bear population as a tardy population that probably inhabited the area at the 3 Oxigen Stage Episode

The Iberomys lineage is represented by the species I. huescarensis (Ruiz Bustos, 1988), at the lower levels (TD3 to lower TD8) of Trinchera Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos), and not by I. brecciensis Ciebel, 1847 as stated previously. Both species mainly differ in the communication of triangles T4 and T5 of the first lower molar dental pattern, broad in I. huescarensis and narrow in I. brecciensis. I. huescarensis is the ancestral species of the I. brecciensis-cabrerae lineage, and characterizes the late Lower Pleistocene and the transition Lower-Middle Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula

Up to the moment, two species of Iguanodon had been cited in the Lower Cretaceous of Spain: I. cf. atherfieldensis and I. bernissartensis. In general, the size has been the diagnostic character to separate I. atherfieldensis from I. bernissartensis, and many of the spanish Iguanodon remains would be regarded as Iguanodontidae indet or Iguanodon sp. A third species (1. cf. fittoni) is situated in the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition

Up to the moment, two species of Iguanodon had been cited in the Lower Cretaceous of Spain: I. cf. atherfieldensis and I. bernissartensis. In general, the size has been the diagnostic character to separate I. atherfieldensis from I. bernissartensis, and many of the spanish Iguanodon remains would be regarded as Iguanodontidae indet or Iguanodon sp. A third species (1. cf. fittoni) is situated in the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition

The Iberomys lineage is represented by the species I. huescarensis (Ruiz Bustos, 1988), at the lower levels (TD3 to lower TD8) of Trinchera Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos), and not by I. brecciensis Ciebel, 1847 as stated previously. Both species mainly differ in the communication of triangles T4 and T5 of the first lower molar dental pattern, broad in I. huescarensis and narrow in I. brecciensis. I. huescarensis is the ancestral species of the I. brecciensis-cabrerae lineage, and characterizes the late Lower Pleistocene and the transition Lower-Middle Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula

One new locality in the continental deposits of Almazán Basin is studied. The Rodentia fauna: Eucricetodon aff. aquitanicus, Pseudodryomys simplicidens, Peridyromys murinus y Heteroxerus rubricati is characteristc of the Z local Zone of the Ramblian (Lower Miocene). Also several Lagomorpha, Lipotyphla and Artiodactyla indeterminados have been found, Estudio de una nueva localidad en los depósitos de la Cuenca De Almazán. La fauna Rodentia: Eucricetodon aff. aquitanicus, Pseudodryomys simplicidens, Peridyromys murinus y Heteroxerus rubricati es característic de la Zona local Z del Ramblar (Mioceno inferior). También se han encontrado varios Lagomorpha, Lipotyphla y Artiodactyla indeterminados.

One new locality in the continental deposits of Almazán Basin is studied. The Rodentia fauna: Eucricetodon aff. aquitanicus, Pseudodryomys simplicidens, Peridyromys murinus y Heteroxerus rubricati is characteristc of the Z local Zone of the Ramblian (Lower Miocene). Also several Lagomorpha, Lipotyphla and Artiodactyla indeterminados have been found