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A micropropagação possibilita a propagação massal e pode contribuir para atender à demanda de plantas-matrizes e mudas de qualidade genética e sanitária comprovadas de videira. Diferentes meios de cultura, acrescidos ou não de reguladores vegetais, tem sido usado com freqüência para auxiliar na indução de brotações. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os meios de cultura MS e GZ completo ou com metade da concentração de sais acrescidos de BAP para indução de multibrotação em videira da cv. Bordô. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro meios de cultura (MS, MS/2, GZ, GZ/2) e quatro concentrações de BAP (0; 2,5; 5 e 10 μM), com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se aos 30 dias o número de brotos por micro-estaca, número de novas microestacas por broto, número de folhas por broto, comprimento médio dos brotos, número de raízes por microestaca e comprimento da raiz principal. O meio de cultura mais eficiente para indução de multibrotação em videira cv. Bordô e o desenvolvimento da parte aérea é o meio MS acrescido de 2,5 μM de BAP.The Micropropagation allows mass propagation and may contribute to meet the demands of mother plants and seedlings of proven genetic quality and health of the vine. Different culture media plus or absence of plant growth regulators has been used frequently to assist in the induction of shoots. The study aimed to evaluate the means of culture and GZ and MS full or half the concentration of salts plus BAP for induction of multiple on the grapevine cv. Bordo. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design in a factorial 4 x 4, with four culture media (MS, MS/2, GZ, GZ/2) and four concentrations of BAP (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM) with four replications. It was evaluated at 30 days the number of micro-shoots per cutting, number of new micro-cuttings per shoot, number of leaves per shoot, mean length of shoots, number of roots by micro-cutting and length of the main root. The culture medium for more efficient induction of multiple in grapevine cv. Bordo and the development of the shoot is the MS medium plus 2.5 μM of BAP.

ABSTRACT Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major vegetative propagated fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance worldwide. It is susceptible to several graft-transmitted agents that cause several diseases and substantial crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigor, and shorten the longevity of vines. The vegetative propagation and frequent exchanges of propagative material among countries contribute to spread these pathogens, favoring the emergence of complex diseases. Its perennial life cycle further accelerates the mixing and introduction of several viral agents into a single plant. Currently, approximately 65 viruses belonging to different families have been reported infecting grapevines, but not all cause economically relevant diseases. The grapevine leafroll, rugose wood complex, leaf degeneration and fleck diseases are the four main disorders having worldwide economic importance. In addition, new viral species and strains have been identified and associated with economically important constraints to grape production. In Brazilian vineyards, eighteen viruses, three viroids and two virus-like diseases had already their occurrence reported and were molecularly characterized. Here, we review the current knowledge of these viruses, report advances in their diagnosis and prospection of new species, and give indications about the management of the associated grapevine diseases.