1. Purification of kavalactones from Alpinia zerumbet and their protective actions against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
- Author
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Rao YK, Shih HN, Lee YC, Cheng WT, Hung HC, Wang HC, Chen CJ, Tzeng YM, and Lee MJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Caspase 3 metabolism, Caspase Inhibitors isolation & purification, Caspase Inhibitors pharmacology, Cell Membrane drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Fruit chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide antagonists & inhibitors, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Oxidation-Reduction drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, PC12 Cells, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt agonists, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Rats, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Alpinia chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide toxicity, Neuroprotective Agents isolation & purification, Pyrones isolation & purification, Pyrones pharmacology
- Abstract
This study found that fruit shells of shell ginger (Alpinia zerumbet) are a rich source of the kavalactones dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) and 5,6-dehydrokavain (DK). The fruit shell extraction with hexane resulted in good purity and higher yields of DDK and DK than did chloroform, ethanol, 10% ethanol, methanol or water. Additionally, this study examined the neuroprotective effects of DDK and DK against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. 16 h after stimulation with 400 μM H2O2, the viability (MTT reduction) of PC12 cells decreased while membrane damage (LDH release) was noticeably increased. However, pretreatment for 6 h with DDK and DK (1 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM and 50 μM) rescued PC12 cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, as evidenced by decreased LDH release and increased cell viability. DDK and DK inhibit the MAPK family member p38, activate AKT, and reduce caspase-3 activity. DDK also reduced the oxidative status in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Together, our data indicate that the A. zerumbet constituents, DDK and DK, exert a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced PC12 cell death and that the regulation of p-Akt and the p38 MAPK, and of oxidative states may be involved., (Copyright © 2014 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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