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A revision of Grimmia Hedw. (Grimmiaceae) from South Africa and Lesotho based on specimens housed in BM, BOL, G, PRE, and STU, as well as type material from B, BM, BOL, FH, G, H-BR, H-SOL, NY, and PRE, is presented. Thirteen species are recognized for South Africa and Lesotho : Grimmia consobrina Müll. Hal., Grimmia donniana Sm., Grimmia elongata Kaulf., Grimmia fuscolutea Hook., Grimmia kidderi James, Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid., Grimmia longirostris Hook., Grimmia montana Bruch & Schimp., Grimmia orbicularis Wilson, Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm., Grimmia pygmaea Müll. Hal., Grimmia sessitana De Not. and Grimmia tortuosa Hook. f. & Wilson. Keys based on morphological features, with an emphasis on costal characters, are provided. Each species is described and illustrated using key morphological and anatomical characters, such as transverse sections of leaves. Methods of specimen preparation are also explained and a glossary is supplied. Information on the geographical as well as altitudinal distribution of each species is given, with species distribution maps provided for the area covered by this study.

In the bryophyte collection in G a total of 138 types have been located for 97 specific and infraspecific names either described under Coscinodon Spreng., Grimmia Hedw., Racomitrium Brid., Schistidium Brid., or later transferred into one of these genera. These represent 63 currently recognised taxa, 58 from the Grimmiaceae, two that are now in the Pottiaceae and three that are in the Orthotrichaceae, Ptychomitriaceae and Seligeriaceae. Of the 138 types identified 33 are holotypes or lectotypes, 75 are isotypes or isolectotypes, 19 are syntypes or paratypes, 1 is a neotype and 10 are of uncertain designation. Four original specimens for three nomina nuda were also located. A previously un-documented original Hedwig specimen for Trichostomum heterostichum Hedw. was found recently and details on it are given herein. Newly identified potential type specimens from the Nees von Esenbeck herbarium, for 11 names described in Bryologia Germanica, are included. A list of problematic material and types that are cited in the literature as present in G but that were not located in the herbarium has been compiled. This catalogue includes the basionym and current name, protologue type citation, specimen label information, G barcode and typification information for each of the 154 specimens treated.