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In recent years there have been both "mergers" between Christian denominations, for example the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the Episcopal Church, are now, supposedly, in "full communion." Looser "coalitions" have formed as well: in 2002 nine denominations representing 22 million members formed Churches Uniting in Christ, looking towards full communion by 2007. Analyes such as that of Chaves and Sutton (2004) employ the sociological perspectives of organizational behavior, such as are applied to classic business mergers. This paper does not argue that this approach is lacking in any way, but rather deploys a different perspective on church "mergers," that provided by coalition theory. As the insights of theory in this field are applied the paper will emphasize key "political" perspectives; thus joinging those of political science to those of sociology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which examines the levels of political participation and intensity of protests in Middle East and Arab Spring region. Topics discussed include analysis of governmental institutions, inequality and ethnicity, institutional causes of political inequality in a country leading to political and social conflicts and a case study of Bahrain's political and social system.

World migration has more than doubled since 1975 (United Nations, 2006). Social scientists in several disciplinary fields, including political science, anthropology, and sociology, have investigated how an individual's movement across national borders may or may not change their attitudes and behaviors. This burgeoning literature has given rise to numerous definitions of the terms "diaspora" and "diaspora identity" (Brukmann 2005). Diaspora identity has been linked to a wide variety of transnational behaviors, including diaspora lobbying and political mobilization (Shain and Barth 2003), diaspora philanthropic activity (Mohan and Zack-Williams 2002), and diaspora remittances and investment in countries of origin (e.g., Nielsen, Riddle, Majid 2009). Despite the many existing definitions of diaspora identity, few robust empirical measures of this complex concept exist. In this paper, we first draw on the extant theoretical and descriptive diaspora studies literature to identify four main components of the diaspora concept prevalent in the literature: a group consciousness of belonging and solidarity with the country of origin (e.g., Safran 1991, Shain 2007), group consciousness of belonging and solidarity with the country of residence (e.g., Cohen 1997), contact with the country of origin (e.g., Sheffer 2006), and a commitment to the maintenance or restoration of the country of origin (e.g., Safran 1991, Ionescu 2006). Utilizing a survey of over 450 Liberians living in the United States, we then test the reliability and validity of these new measures. We also explore to what degree causal relationships exist among these variables. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for future research. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]