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1. HARMONI at ELT: system analysis and performance estimation of the high-contrast module

Author

Alexis Carlotti, Laurent Jocou, Thibaut Moulin, Patrick Rabou, Alexis Bidot, Adrien Hours, Yves Magnard, Alain Delboulbé, Fabrice Pancher, Élodie Choquet, Arthur Vigan, Mathis Houllé, Kjetil Dohlen, Jean-François Sauvage, Thierry Fusco, Niranjan Thatte, Benoît Neichel, Fraser Clarke, Dave Melotte, Matthias Tecza, Hermine Schnetler, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA [Salon], ONERA, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], and ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
ELT, high spectral resolution, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], exoplanets, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], direct imaging, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Spectroscopy, high angular resolution, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT. It covers a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate in two Adaptive Optics modes- SCAO (including a High Contrast capability) and LTAOor with NOAO. The project is preparing for Final Design Reviews. The high-contrast module (HCM) has been designed to characterize planets as close as 100mas from their host star (goal: 50mas), and presenting a 1e-6 f lux ratio with it. To do so, it will use (1) a passive atmospheric dispersion corrector, (2) a set of amplitude apodizers and focal plane masks to lower the di↵racted intensity next to the star and attenuate the PSF core, (3) a dedicated Zernike wavefront sensor to track the non-common path aberrations with the SCAO subsystem at a 0.1Hz frequency, and (4) post-processing algorithms that will rely on the temporal and spectral diversity of the IFS data to separate the planetary signals from the noise. This communication details several trade-o↵ analyses involved in the co-design of the hardware of the HCM. It also presents contrast performance estimates that have been derived through an analysis of post-processed, simulated IFS data obtained with an end-to-end numerical model of the HCM and the rest of HARMONI. The respective interests of ADI and molecular mapping are compared in this specific case.

Published
2022
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2. Experimental validation of exoplanet centring strategies for high dispersion coronagraphy

Author

Mona El Morsy, Arthur Vigan, Maxime Lopez, Gilles P. P. L. Otten, Élodie Choquet, Fabrice Madec, Anne Costille, Jean-François Sauvage, Kjetil Dohlen, Eduard R. Muslimov, Raphaël Pourcelot, Johan Floriot, Jean-Antoine Benedetti, Patrick Blanchard, Philippe Balard, Graham J. Murray, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)

Subjects
fibre optique monomode, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], optique adaptative
Abstract

International audience; The combination on large ground-based telescopes of extreme adaptive optics (ExAO), coronagraphy and high-dispersion spectroscopy is starting to emerge as a powerful technique for the direct characterisation of giant exoplanets. High spectral resolution not only brings a major gain in terms of accessible spectral features, but it also enables to better disentangle between the stellar and planetary signals thanks to the much higher spectral content. On-going projects such as KPIC for Keck, REACH for Subaru and HiRISE for the VLT base their observing strategy on the use of a few science fibres, one of which is dedicated to sampling the PSF of the planet, while the others sample the stellar residuals in the speckle field. The main challenge in this approach is to blindly centre the science fibre on the planet’s PSF, with typically a tolerance of less than one resolution element (0.1 λ/D). Several possible centring strategies can be adopted, either based on calibration fibres retro-injecting signal to mark the position of the science fibres or based on the use of focal-plane features introduced by the ExAO system. In this proceeding, we describe different possible approaches and we compare their centring accuracy using the MITHiC high-contrast imaging testbed. For this work, MITHiC has been upgraded to reproduce a setup close to the one that will be adopted in HiRISE, the coupling system that will soon be implemented between VLT/SPHERE and VLT/CRIRES+. Our results demonstrate that reaching a specification accuracy of 0.1 λ/D is extremely challenging regardless of the chosen centring strategy. It requires a high level of accuracy at every step of the centring procedure, which can be reached with very stable instruments. We studied the contributors to the centring error in the case of MITHiC and we quantified some of the most important terms.

Published
2022
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3. Connecting SPHERE and CRIRES+ for the characterisation of young exoplanets at high spectral resolution: status update of VLT/HiRISE

Author

Arthur Vigan, Maxime Lopez, Mona El Morsy, Eduard R. Muslimov, Alexandre Viret, Gérard Zins, Graham J. Murray, Anne Costille, Gilles P. P. L. Otten, Ulf Seemann, Heiko Anwand-Heerwart, Kjetil Dohlen, Patrick Blanchard, José Garcia, Yannick Charles, Nicolas Tchoubaklian, Timothé Ely, Mark Phillips, Jérôme Paufique, Jean-Luc Beuzit, Mathis Houllé, Jean Costes, Raphaël Pourcelot, Isabelle Baraffe, Reinhold Dorn, Marc Jaquet, Markus Kasper, Ansgar Reiners, Alain Smette, Leonardo Blanco, Laurent Pallanca, Alexis Carlotti, Elodie Choquet, David Mouillet, Mamadou N'Diaye, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory [Santiago] (ESO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Universidad ORT Uruguay, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Université Côte d'Azur - École universitaire de recherche Odyssée - Sciences de la société et de l'environnement (UCA EUR SSE), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), High-dispersion coronagraphy, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Characterisation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Exoplanet, VLT, High-contrast imaging, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Spectroscopy, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High-spectral resolution, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

New generation exoplanet imagers on large ground-based telescopes are highly optimised for the detection of young giant exoplanets in the near-infrared, but they are intrinsically limited for their characterisation by the low spectral resolution of their integral field spectrographs ($R, Submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022, Adaptive Optics Systems VIII, Paper 12185-27

Published
2022
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4. HARMONI at ELT: overview of the capabilities and expected performance of the ELT's first light, adaptive optics assisted integral field spectrograph

Author

Niranjan . Thatte, Dave Melotte, Benoit Neichel, David Le Mignant, Ian Bryson, Fraser Clarke, Vanessa Ferraro-Wood, Thierry Fusco, Oscar Gonzalez, Hermine Schnetler, Matthias Tecza, Sandi Wilson, Alonso Álvarez Urueña, Heribert A. Vilaseca, Santiago Arribas Mocoroa, Gonzalo José Carracedo Carballale, Alejandro Crespo, Alberto Estrada Piqueras, Miriam García García, Cecilia Martínez Martín, Miguel Pereira Santaella, Michele Perna, Javier Piqueras López, Niolas Bouché, Didier Boudon, Eric Daguisé, Karen Disseau, Jérémy J. Fensch, Adrien Girardot, Matthieu Guibert, Aurélien Jarno, Alexandre Jeanneau, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Florence Laurent, Magali Loupias, Jean-Emmanuel Migniau, Laure Piqueras, Alban Remillieux, Johan Richard, Arlette Pecontal, Lisa F. Bardou, David Barr, Sylvain Cetre, Rishi Deshmukh, Sofia Dimoudi, Marc Dubbledam, Andrew Dunn, Dimitra Gadotti, Joss J. Guy, David L. King, David J. Little, Anna McLeod, Simon Morris, Tim Morris, Kieran S. O'Brien, Emily Ronson, Russell Smith, Lazar Staykov, Mark Swinbank, Matthew Townson, Matteo Accardo, Domingo Alvarez Mendez, Elizabeth George, Joshua Hopgood, Derek Ives, Leander Mehrgan, Eric Mueller, Javier Reyes-Moreno, Ralf Conzelmann, Pablo Gutierrez Cheetham, Ángel Alonso-Sánchez, Giuseppina Battaglia, Miguel Angel Cagigas Garcia, Haresh M. Chulani, Graciela C. Delgado García, Patricia Fernández-Izquierdo, Ana Belén Fragoso López, Begoña García-Lorenzo, Alberto Hernández González, Elvio Hernández Suárez, Jose Miguel Herreros Linares, Enrique Joven, Roberto López López, Alejandro Antonio Lujan Gonzalez, Yolanda Martín, Evencio Mediavilla, Saúl Menéndez Mendoza, Luz Maria Montoya Martínez, José Peñate Castro, Álvaro Pérez, José Luis Rasilla, Rafael Rebolo-López, Luis Fernando Rodríguez-Ramos, Afrodisio Vega Moreno, Teodora Viera-Curbelo, Natacha Zanon Dametto, Alexis Carlotti, Jean-Jacques Correia, Stéphane Curaba, Alain Delboulbé, Sylvain Guieu, Adrien Hours, Zoltan Hubert, Laurent Jocou, Yves Magnard, Thibaut Moulin, Fabrice Pancher, Patrick Rabou, Eric Stadler, Maxime Vérove, Thierry Contini, Marie Larrieu, Olivier Boebion, Yan Fantéï-Caujolle, Daniel Lecron, Sylvain Rousseau, Philippe Amram, Olivier Beltramo-Martin, William Bon, Anne Bonnefoi, William Ceria, Zalpha Challita, Yannick Charles, Elodie Choquet, Carlos Correia, Anne Costille, Kjetil Dohlen, Franck Ducret, Kacem El Hadi, Jean-Luc Gach, Jean-Luc Gimenez, Olivier Groussin, Marc Jaquet, Pierre Jouve, Fabrice Madec, Felipe Pedreros Bustos, Edgard Renault, Patrice Sanchez, Arthur Vigan, Pascal Vola, Annie Zavago, Romain Fétick, Caroline Lim, Cyril Petit, Jean-Francois Sauvage, Nicolas Védrenne, Fehim Taha Bagci, Martin E. Caldwell, Ellis Elliott, Peter Hiscock, Emma Johnson, Murali Nalagatla, Aristea Seitis, Mark Wells, Martin Black, Charlotte Z. Bond, Saskia Brierley, Kenneth Campbell, Neil Campbell, James Carruthers, William Cochrane, Chris Evans, Joel Harman, William Humphreys, Thomas Louth, Chris Miller, David Montgomery, Meenu Murali, John Murray, Norman O'Malley, Ruben Sanchez-Janssen, Noah Schwartz, Patrick Smith, Jonathan Strachan, Stephen Todd, Stuart Watt, Martyn Wells, Asim Yaqoob, Eric Bell, Oleg O. Gnedin, Kayhan Gultekin, Mario Mateo, Michael Meyer, Munadi Ahmad, Jayne Birkby, Michael Booth, Michele Cappellari, Edgar Castillo Dominguez, Jorge Chao Ortiz, David Gooding, Kearn Grisdale, Andrea Hidalgo Valadez, Laurence Hogan, James Kariuki, Ian Lewis, Adam Lowe, Zeynep Ozer, Laurence Routledge, Dimitra Rigopoulou, Alec York, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], DOTA, ONERA [Salon], and ONERA

Subjects
ELT, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], OPTIQUE ADAPTATIVE, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; HARMONI is the first light, adaptive optics assisted, integral field spectrograph for the European Southern Observatory’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). A work-horse instrument, it provides the ELT’s diffraction limited spectroscopic capability across the near-infrared wavelength range. HARMONI will exploit the ELT’s unique combination of exquisite spatial resolution and enormous collecting area, enabling transformational science. The design of the instrument is being finalized, and the plans for assembly, integration and testing are being detailed. We present an overview of the instrument’s capabilities from a user perspective, and provide a summary of the instrument’s design. We also include recent changes to the project, both technical and programmatic, that have resulted from red-flag actions. Finally, we outline some of the simulated HARMONI observations currently being analyzed.

Published
2022
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5. A metrological characterization of the SPEED test-bed PIAACMC components

Author

A. Caillat, Olivier Guyon, Mathilde Beaulieu, Carole Gouvret, Arthur Vigan, J. M. Le Duigou, Kjetil Dohlen, M. Belhadi, Patrice Martinez, K. Barjot, T. Behaghel, A. Marcotto, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Microscope, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Computer science, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, law.invention, Metrology, Cophasing, Optics, Cardinal point, Apodization, law, Angular resolution, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Coronagraph, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The segmented pupil experiment for exoplanet detection (SPEED) facility aims to improve knowledge and insight into various areas required for gearing up high-contrast imaging instruments adapted to the unprecedented high angular resolution and complexity of the forthcoming extremely large telescopes (ELTs). SPEED combines an ELT simulator, cophasing optics, wavefront control and shaping with a multi-deformable mirror (DM) system, and optimized small inner-working angle (IWA) coronagraphy. The fundamental objective of the SPEED setup is to demonstrate deep contrast into a dark hole optimized for small field of view and very small IWA, adapted to the hunt of exoplanets in the habitable zone around late-type stars. SPEED is designed to implement an optimized small IWA coronagraph: the phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph (PIAACMC). The PIAACMC consists in a multi-zone phase-shifting focal plane mask (FPM) and two apodization mirrors (PIAA-M1 and PIAA-M2), with strong manufacturing specifications. Recently, a first-generation prototype of a PIAACMC optimized for the SPEED facility has been designed and manufactured. The manufacturing components exhibit high optical quality that meets specifications. In this paper, we present how these components have been characterized by a metrological instrument, an interferential microscope, and then we show what is yielded from this characterization for the FPM and the mirrors. Eventually, we discuss the results and the perspectives of the implementation of the PIAACMC components on the SPEED setup.

Published
2020
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6. Optimal method for exoplanet detection by spectral and angular differential imaging

Author

A. Eggenberger, Laurent M. Mugnier, David Mouillet, Gérard Rousset, G. Montagnier, Marcel Carbillet, Kjetil Dohlen, Arthur Vigan, Joseph C. Carson, Anthony Boccaletti, A. Cornia, T. Fusco, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, 010309 optics, Andromeda, Position (vector), Planet, 0103 physical sciences, SPHERES, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

In the context of the SPHERE planet “nder project, we further develop and characterize a recently proposedmethod for the ecient direct detection of exoplanets f rom the ground using spectral and angular dierentialimaging. The method, called ANDROMEDA, combines images appropriately into pseudo-dataŽ, then uses allof them in a Maximum-Likelihood framework to estimate the position and ”ux of potential planets orbitingthe observed star. The methods performance is assesse d on realistic simulations of images performed by theSPHERE consortium, and it is applied to experimental data taken by the VLT/NAOS-CONICA instrument.Keywords: exoplanets, detection, inverse pro blems, coronagraphy, angular imaging, dieren tial imaging, spec-tral imaging, high contrast, maximum likelihood, adaptive optics. 1. INTRODUCTION The direct detection of exoplanets from the ground is a very promising “eld of astronomy today. A goal is thecharacterization of the physical composition of the exoplanets by a spectral analysis of their emitted and/orre”ected light. This observation from the ground is a t echnological challenge. I ndeed, in order to be able toobserve a sucient number of targets, it is required to cope with an intensity ratio (also called contrast) betweenthe star and its planet that may be as high as 10

Published
2010
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7. The Software Package SPHERE: a CAOS-based numerical tool for end-to-end simulations of SPHERE/VLT

Author

P. Bendjoya, Anthony Boccaletti, David Mouillet, Marcel Carbillet, Andrea Ferrari, Kjetil Dohlen, I. Smith, Thierry Fusco, Christian Thalmann, Arthur Vigan, Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [ETH Zürich], Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, 010309 optics, Integral field spectrograph, Optics, Software, Apodization, law, Computer graphics (images), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph
Abstract

International audience; SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch) is the second-generation VLT instrument devoted primarily to direct imaging and characterization of exoplanets, and allowing a large number of promising observation modes. In this framework, an IDL-based end-to-end numerical tool has been developed within the problem-solving environment CAOS (or CAOS "system"): the Software Package SPHERE, dedicated to the complete and detailed simulation of the whole instrument. It hence includes detailed instrumental modeling of the extreme adaptive optics system SAXO, the dual-band imaging camera IRDIS, the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS), and the Zürich IMaging POLarimeter (ZIMPOL). The status of the whole package (which has now reached version 3.0) is exposed. An example of application is also detailed: a sub-system study aspect concerning the near-infrared apodized Lyot coronagraph.

Published
2008
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8. Long slit spectroscopy for exoplanet characterization in SPHERE

Author

Claire Moutou, Kjetil Dohlen, Arthur Vigan, and Maud Langlois

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Polarimetry, Speckle noise, Noise (electronics), Exoplanet, law.invention, Speckle pattern, Optics, law, business, Adaptive optics, Coronagraph, Long-slit spectroscopy
Abstract

Extrasolar planet observation and characterization is a major objective for astronomy in the coming decade. TheSpectro-Polarimetric High contrast imager for Exoplanets Research (SPHERE) instrument for the Very LargeTelescope (VLT) is currently under development to achieve this objective with greater performances than anyexisting instruments. It will have the capability to observeplanets down to few masses of Jupiter at separations assmallas0.1arcsecondsfromthe centralstarthanks to dedicatedextreme adaptiveopticssystemandcoronagraph.Planets characterization will be achi eved with IRDIS, one of the 3 science modules of SPHERE, using its long slitspectroscopy (LSS) mode along with a Lyot coronagraph at low ( 40) or medium ( 400) resolution. Similarly tothe dual-band imaging (DBI) technique dedicated to detect ion, the main limitation of the long slit spectroscopyis the speckles generated by instrumental static and quasi -static aberrations, especia lly when observing very closeto the star. Another performance limitation is the chro matic dependence of the speckles in the “eld, known asspeckle chromatism, which creates a modulation of the spectrum. Finally, we are also facing problems relatedto long slit spectroscopy, such as slit eciency, therm al background and dicu lty to preserve the spectrumcontinuum. Intensive simulations have been performed using the CAOS framework under IDL, in order tosimulate realistic spectra in terms of signal, noise and instrumental artifacts. We present here in details theexpected performances among with a detailed analysis of the various noise sources contributions. This analysisleads to a quantitative estimation of the characterization limitations and optimized data reduction procedures.Keywords: Direct exoplanet detect ion, long slit spectroscopy, speckle noise

Published
2008
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