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Here, an in-depth study of a novel electro-optic phenomenon suggested earlier in optical waveguides, referred to as the conducting interfaces, is carried out. It is shown that it would be possible to achieve a very strong optical modulation effect in slab waveguides fabricated on the standard III-V InAlGaAs compound platform. The electro-optic effect is obtained by controlling the density and population of the electron and hole states in the well layer. The additional phase shift contributed to the reflection phase of the guided electromagnetic wave constitutes an ultrastrong source of optical modulation and phase control. It is estimated that a Mach-Zhender configuration based on this optical modulator, will have a relatively compact size of around 50 microns in length, compared to the other conventional technologies.

Analysis of complex quantum systems having many partitions is a very complicated numerical task. As the number of entities increase, the computational burden blows up and at the same time accuracy is lost due to integration in timedomain. Here, we present a systematic and rigorous methodology to deal with the multi-partite quantum systems comprised of many quantum dots with arbitrary transition oscillator strengths as well as dipole-dipole interaction. No limit is imposed on the number of radiation modes in the interacting reservoir. We present an exact solution to this system and also a general self-generating automated code which is capable of solving the system in time-domain with full accuracy and maximal computational efficiency. The code is also able to compute the exact concurrency as the measure of entanglement. Various coupling regimes ranging from the weak to ultrastrong are analyzed and discussed.

Wannier functions are real space basis functions which are not unique due to an arbitrary phase factor in the Bloch envelope function. We exploit this property to optimize a spread functional numerically using an accelerated steepest descent, and obtain the maximally confined set of Wannier functions, which are obtained for the first time in the area of planar plasmonics and conducting interfaces.

In the last year's meeting we reported a novel approach for stabilization of numerical calculation of plasmonic propagation band structure. This method enables us to precisely obtain the propagation modes of periodically patterned two-dimensional conducting sheets, with arbitrarily high order of spatial harmonic content. Following the above contribution, we here present successful construction of a periodic fractal structure based on the combination of square array of wires and the space-filling Hilbert curves, leading to very large plasmonic gaps in the propagation spectrum. Different parameters affecting that gap, and the way to control each of them will be presented. Possible applications will be discussed.

The interaction of quantum radiation and a two-level atom is described in the context through the Jaynes-Cummings-Paul Hamiltonian which is obtained through Heisenberg's interaction picture of the Atom-Radiation Hamiltonian. We argue that such a transformation is not mathematically exact in case of ultrastrong coupling, where the coupling rate is comparable to the transition frequency, and leads to erroneous results. In addition, we introduce an exact mathematical solution to calculate optical spectrum of this system.

Effect of relaxation time on the performance of photonic crystal optical bistable switches based on Kerr nolinearity is discussed. This paper deals with optical pulses with the duration of about 50 ps. In such cases the steady state response of the optical device can be used to approximate the pulse evolution if the nonlinearity is assumed instantaneous, hence analytical solutions such as the coupled mode theory can be used to obtain the time evolution of the electromagnetic fields. However if the relaxation time of the material nonlinear response is also considered, changes in the power levels and in the shape of the hystersis loop is observed. In this case, we use the nonlinear finite difference time domain method (NL-FDTD) to follow the system dynamics and get the bistability hystersis loop. Codes are developed to analyze the instantaneous Kerr materials and the Kerr materials with finite response times. Depending on the material, the relaxation times of the order of 1-10fs should be considered in studying bistability to obtain the right shape of the output pulses. It is observed that the relaxation leads to larger input power and threshold and hence degrades the performance of the switch in pulse shaping.

The need for antennas with improved characteristics for communication and radar applications has resulted in an everincreasing demand for research in the field of high impedance surfaces, which can work as an artificial magnetic conductor. One method in fabrication of these surfaces is formation of a metamaterial by patterning a metallic surface in the shape of space filling curves (e.g. Hilbert or Peanu Curves). In this paper, we present a novel semi-analytical solution to the problem of plasmonic propagation on these surfaces. The method is based on a previously presented Green's function formalism, which has been reported in an earlier paper of ours. We have modified and improved the method for analysis of periodic structures with a large number of spatial harmonics, and used different methods to get the necessary stabilization. Here propagating modes of different structures and their corresponding frequencies are calculated, and the possibility of frequency gap formation and stability of the method are investigated.

Computer calculation of photonic band structure for unit cells of various symmetry in the two-dimensional square lattice suggests that the bandgap calculated by traversing the ΓXM triangle in k-space is only reliable when the unit cell is C4v symmetric. For structures of lower symmetry, examining a two-dimensional subset of the first Brillouin zone will give smaller bandgaps.

In this work, an optimum frequency is found for the operation of single cavity photonic switches. At this optimum point, the transmission contrast of ON and OFF states takes its highest value, while keeping the device power threshold relatively low and the device speed acceptably high. Then, the dynamic behavior of a typical single cavity all optical switch is investigated in the optimum operation point through temporal Coupled Mode Theory. Switching speed and power are discussed, and the device is shown to be applicable for telecommunication and data processing applications. The analysis is quite general, and can be used for resonant structures, such as photonic crystals and microring resonators, in both side coupled and direct coupled configurations.

Transfer and scattering matrix methods are widely in use for description of the propagation of waves in multilayered media. When the profile of refractive index is continuous, however, a modified formulation of transfer matrices does exist, which provides a complete analytical solution of the wave phenomena in such structures. Previously reported variations of the so-called Differential Transfer Matrix Method (DTMM) had been limited to Cartesian geometry where layered media form one-dimensional structures and plane waves are used as basis functions. In this work, we extend the formalism to cylindrical geometry with radial symmetry, in which Bessel functions need to be employed as basis functions. Hence, complete analytical formulation of the DTMM under radial and axial symmetry is described and derived. This work could have applications in the analysis of propagation in optical fibers and motion of electrons in nanowires and nanotubes.

Many authors simply use band structure of infinite photonic crystals to predict the beam's direction in a finite structure. The validity of this approximation for high frequencies has been questioned by Felbacq (PRL 92, 193902) and instead a dressed (by evanescent waves) transfer matrix has been suggested. In this work, we show through numerical examples that the direction obtained by conventional band structure is more accurate than that of dressed transfer matrix of Felbacq et. al. We also demonstrate that this approximation can be improved by taking the effect of evanescent Bloch modes into consideration. The effect of these modes leads to a constant shift of beam's center inside and far enough from the PC's interface.

A theory is presented for the quantum radiation emitted from a single exciton in a quantum dot. We assume that the quantum dot is in strong coupling to a slab photonic crystal cavity. A dielectric function of spatial coordinates is used to explain the effects of the macroscopic medium. It has been proved that the electric field in such a medium can be described using the so-called K-function. We derive a formula for obtaining the frequency spectrum, and present an analytical result for the optical spectrum, which is dependent on the K-function. We also have considered a slab photonic crystal configuration with hexagonal structure containing a cavity to evaluate the frequency spectrum in such a medium. FDTD method has been used to calculate the generalized-transverse green function and the K-function everywhere in the medium.

In this paper, the equivalent medium of Schwarzschild metric is discussed. The corresponding ray-tracing equations are integrated for the equivalent medium of the Schwarzschild geometry, which describes the curved space around a spherically symmetric, irrotational, and uncharged blackhole. We make comparison to the well-known expression by Einstein. While Einstein's estimate is reasonably good for large closest distances of approach to the star, it disregards the optical anisotropy of space. Instead, Virbhadra's estimate which takes the effects of anisotropy of Schwarzschild metric is shown to be more consistent with numerical simulations. Hence, a true physical anisotropy in the velocity of light under gravitational field does exist. We argue that the existence of such an optical anisotropy could be revealed exactly in the same way that the optical interferometry is expected to detect gravitational waves. Therefore, if no optical anisotropy under gravitational fields could be observed, then the possibility of interferometric detection of gravitational waves is automatically ruled out, and vice versa.

In this paper we introduce a coupled system of two quantum bits residing at the interface of a heterostructure device. The structure encompasses a reference quantum bit, a photonic/plasmonic crystal waveguide and an obedient quantum bit. Each quantum bit is an electronic device which is designed based on an anti-dot lattice of twodimensional electron gas in heterostructures. By applying a potential gate in the aforementioned structure it is possible to control electronic tunneling rate and hence quantum bits' swapping frequency. Coupling through the plasmonic waveguide may be employed to entangle quantum bits. The waveguide has been designed by exploiting conducting islands of two-dimensional electron gas in a host of layered semiconductor heterostructure, behaving effectively as a patterned metallic thin film. The plasmonic characteristic is here modeled by Drude dispersion which obviates the required frequency dependency of our case. Employment of a plasmonic crystal waveguide benefited from plasmonic nature instead of regular dielectrics decreases the dimensions ten-fold, which helps the structure's size to come within the range of practical fabrication technologies. In order to estimate the evolution of the entangled state of the pair of quantum bits, it is necessary to estimate the coupling coefficient between electronic and optical subsystems. This parameter can be regarded as a design goal of matched electronic and optical structures, and has been discussed in detail for the optimization purposes. In the present work, both plasmonic and electronic properties are investigated. For simulating different sections, revised guided mode expansion (RGME) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods are employed.

A novel plane-wave-based approach for analytical treatment of dispersive relation is developed and applied to analyze the behavior of electromagnetic waves in plasmonic-photonic-crystal slabs. Here Drude model is used for describing frequency dependent permittivity of plasma rods in host dielectric medium. In the present work, dispersion relation below and above the light line is calculated approximately by means of Maxwell-Garnett effective medium and Revised Plane Wave Method (RPWM). The eigen-functions are then used in Revised Guided Mode Expansion (RGME) as the set of orthonormal bases. Following this procedure, the accurate band structure is obtained. In these kind of methods there are two main sources of error: stair-casing error due to discretization and numerical dispersion due to calculation of frequency domain dielectric matrix elements with finite number of bases. Sub-cell averaging and harmonic inversion methods are suggested to overcome these errors. For investigation purpose we apply this approach for calculating photonic dispersion of dispersive and non-dispersive photonic crystal slabs. Resulted band structures are verified by conventional FDTD method as well.

In this work, a GaN-based quantum well LED is theoretically analyzed in a multi-layer structure composed of a quantum well embedded in a waveguide core surrounded by photonic crystal slab and a sapphire substrate. The electromagnetic eigenmodes are obtained throughout above structure via revised plane wave-scattering matrix method. The omnidirectional transmission and reflection are investigated for both TE and TM polarizations from diffraction channels in Ewald construction. Then, we introduced angular power density and calculated radiative modes extraction efficiency. All structural parameters, such as lattice geometry, lattice constant, photonic crystal thickness and filling factor, are taken into account. We also investigated the coupling efficiency between waveguide modes and Bloch modes in structure which include decomposed emission and extraction regions. In order to design a quantum well white LED, we used a MQW with adjusted material composition. The photoluminescence spectrum for both TE and TM polarizations is obtained through a combination of k.p perturbation and transfer matrix method.

Low power operation and high speed have always been desirable in applications such as data processing and telecommunications. While achieving these two goals simultaneously, however, one encounters the well-known powerbandwidth trade-off. This is here discussed in a typical bistable switch based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal with Kerr type nonlinearity. The discussion is supported by the nonlinear finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation of a direct coupled structure with a home-developed code. Two cases of working near resonant and offresonant are simulated to compare the power and the speed of the device in the two cases. It is shown that working nearresonance reduces the power levels at the expense of reducing the settling time, i.e. the bandwidth limitation. The hystersis loops for the device are also obtained with both coupled-mode theory and quasi-steady state FDTD simulation. The impact of operating near/off resonance on the shape of the hystersis loop is discussed as a confirmation of the previous results. Alternative ways of reducing the power while saving the bandwidth are also examined. The discussion is general and one may investigate other optical switches to obtain similar results.

When the periodic permittivity of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) can be separated in x - and y - coordinates, one can consider the structure as two separate 1D photonic crystals, one of them being periodic in x coordinate and the other in y coordinate. If it is possible to find a proper separable permittivity function, we can approximate a 2D PC with two distinct 1D structures. One of the advantages is rapid calculation the density of state of a 2D PC. In this article an analytical calculation of the density of states for such a 2D PC has been done with the aim of taking this advantage. For calculating the density of states we use the effective resonance approach to analyze the 1D PC.

In this paper we analyze a disk-like quantum dot embedded in an engineered two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal cavity as an artificial atom. In this quantum dot electron and hole form an exciton where photon and electron-hole bound state can interact. Within the engineered electromagnetic vacuum of the PBG material, the exciton can emit and reabsorb a photon. If the exciton energy lies near the photonic band gap edge the exciton level splits into two levels. This is similar to the interaction of field and an atom in a high Q cavity. Here excitonic states are evaluated taking in to account the band mixing for holes. Also energy associated with dressed exction is evaluated.

Using polynomial expansion of electromagnetic fields has been already reported for extraction of E polarized defect modes in two-dimensional photonic crystals. This approach is now applied to straight single-line defect optical waveguides, where H polarized defect modes are analytically extracted for the first time. Electromagnetic fields are expanded in accordance with the Floquet theorem, where each Floquet order is itself expanded in terms of Hermite polynomials and finally a new set of linear ordinary differential equations with non-constant coefficients is obtained. This set of equations is handled by employing differential transfer matrix method. In this fashion, algebraic and easy to solve dispersion equations are derived, where each mode is effectively sought out in the Hilbert space spanned by Hermite polynomials. Effective index theory based on static field approximation is also presented to show the strong similarity between eigenmodes of photonic bandgap waveguides and those of slab waveguides with uniaxial anisotropic claddings.

We have performed an analysis of harmonic contents of the optical output power for a diode laser and described the results in details. In the first step the absolute value of power for each harmonic is obtained in terms of various diode laser parameters, and the variations of external parameters such as modulation current, bias current and frequency are discussed. The analysis is done by direct solution of rate equations of an arbitrary diode laser for carrier and photon densities. We conclude that the maximum power occurs at isolated peaks and their loci have been investigated and shown to be predictable by theory. It is known that the optical power has a nonlinear dependence on frequency, and the maximum optical power of each harmonic attained in its resonance frequency. The resonant frequency is shown to be tunable by bias current; thus in the next step we obtain the transfer function for different harmonic contents and have achieved exact expression for each, allowing better optimization to gain improved results. We extend the approach to higher harmonics and numerically calculate the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) versus related parameters such as frequency, bias current and modulation current. Furthermore we found an effective approach to reduce SHD (Second Harmonic Distortion). The sequence for every arbitrary laser structure is also possible to be developed by the approach presented in this work.

Analytical analysis of straight single-line defect optical waveguides in two dimensional photonic crystals based on expanding electromagnetic fields in terms of Hermite polynomials is reported. This novel electromagnetic field expression is substituted in Helmholtz equation, a new set of linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients are obtained, and by employing differential transfer matrix method; defect modes, i.e. the guided modes propagating in the line defect waveguide, are analytically derived. The validity of the results obtained by applying the proposed approach are confirmed by comparing them to those derived by using finite difference time domain method.

A novel approach for photonic crystals devices analysis, based on perturbation theory is reported. In this method the photonic crystal device is considered as the superposition of a parent lattice and a perturbing one. Then the solution is investigated in terms of the eigensolutions of the parent lattice. This way, one can easily obtain analytic expressions within the first order perturbation, describing the effects of different parameters on the eigensolutions of the structure. The perturbation theory employed in this work is typical of what is conventionally used in quantum mechanics literature. The proposed method is explicit, works fast, and does not involve complicated numerical calculations. Although this approach can be used to obtain some rules of thumb about the eigensolutions of the device within the first order perturbation approximation, it can be further followed to higher order perturbation terms for acquiring any desired level of accuracy. Since the presented method is mostly formulated analytically, not much computational effort is required for analyzing complex structures. In this paper the approach is described in detail and some examples are given to show the usefulness of it.

A new approach for the analytical calculation of band structures in one-dimensional periodic media, such as photonic crystals and superlattices, is reported based on the recently reported differential transfer matrix method (DTMM). The media analyzed in this paper can have arbitrary profile of refractive index. A closed form dispersion equation is obtained and simplified under different assumptions. Several numerical cases are discussed.

In several recent papers, layered waveguide structures with conductive interfaces have been discussed, whose propagation properties are controlled by a transverse voltage. These structures can be used as a dynamic optical read/write memory cell, and programmable optical diffractive element. In this paper, the excitation of surface waves with the presence of interface charges is discussed. Interface charges affect the dispersion of surface waves, and therefore they can be used in various applications such as optical modulators, switches, sensors and filters. These waves can be superior to surface plasmon waves since they are not lossy. The lossless property is satisfied in limited range: millimeter waves to far infrared.

The electromagnetic interface states formed in a heterostructure composed of two semi-infinite Kronig-Penny photonic crystals have been studied. Modified transfer matrices have been used for study of Kronig-Penny photonic crystals (heterostructures with conducting interfaces) to show strong similarity between solid-state physics and electromagnetics. Our calculations are limited to TE polarization.

In this article, a new variational approach for extraction of leaky modes in layered waveguides is proposed. To verify the method, results of analysis of a typical test case is compared to the other references, being in agreement with them. The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared to other reported methods.

We present a new analytical method for solution of 1-D quantum and optical systems, based on the differential transfer matrices. This approach can be used for exact calculation of various functions including reflection and transmission coefficients, band structures as well as bound states. We show the consistency of WKB method with out approach and discuss improvements for even symmetry and infinite periodic structures. Moreover a general variational representation of bound states is introduced. As application examples, we consider several test cases including the reflection and band structure of gratings as well as bounded states of inhomogeneous waveguides. An excellent agreement between the results from our differential transfer matrix method with other methods is observed where possible. Keywords: Integrated optics, Mathematical methods in physics, Electromagnetic theory, Inhomogeneous media 1. INTRODUCTION The analytical solution of 1-D wave propagation problems in arbitrary non-homogeneous quantum and optical systems has been studied in numerous reports. The existing known approaches include the Transfer Matrix Function (TMF)

In several recent papers, layered waveguide structures with conductive interfaces have been discussed, whose propagation properties are controlled by a transverse voltage. These structures have wide range of applications. In this paper, surface wave excitation on one-dimensional photonic crystals at the presence of interface conductivity is discussed. It is shown that excitation of electromagnetic surface waves can be controlled by the interface conductivity. This property can be used in constructing miscellaneous optical devices such as optical modulators, switches and tunable optical filters. Devices based on these waves can be superior to surface plasmon waves since they are not lossy. The lossless property is satisfied in limited range: millimeter waves to far infra red.

In this paper, the coupling coefficient between two adjacent waveguides with conducting interfaces is calculated analytically. It is shown that the presence of interface charges, their density being controlled via a transverse voltage, leads to the control of the coupling. TO derive the coupling coefficient, the basic Coupled Mode Theory (CMT) with paraxial approximation is improved to include the effect of conducting interfaces. The analysis is performed independently for TE and TM polarizations. Several direct applications of this effect such as multiplexer, coupler and Mach/Zhender modulator/switch and programmable grating are introduced

In this article, the feasibility of a programmable integrated optical grating based on the control of interface charges, and therefore, conductivity of interfaces is explored. This structure is essentially an array waveguide, in which each waveguide has an independent control on its interface conductivity. As we have shown, the effective index of each waveguide is controllable independently, and therefore and relative output phase differences among the waveguides and be programmed. A phase-array-antenna-like analysis enables one to compute the output far field pattern.

In this article, a new variational approach for extraction of guided and leaky modes in layered waveguides is proposed. To verify the method, results of analysis of a typical test case is compared to the other references, being in agreement with them. The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared to other reported methods.

In this article, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is modified for study of optical wave propagation in layered media with conducting interfaces. Both the TE and TM mode transfer matrices are presented and their properties are discussed. The application of the modified TMM to study of propagation in a Kronig-Penny photonic crystal is explained. The practical realization of a Kronig-Penny photonic crystal through heterostructures with conducting interfaces is also demonstrated.

In this article, the feasibility of a programmable diffraction grating based on the interaction of light and controlled interface charges is explored. The diffraction is obtained by stacking the plasma wave modulator/switch, and programming is realized by controlling the densities of interface charges via independent DC transverse voltages as discussed throughout. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency, polarization, and even the direction of reflection and transmission modes can be controlled.

In this article it is shown that the plane wave propagation eigenpolarizations in a linear homogeneous time-independent anisotropic media without free sources, coincide with the extrema of the difference between stored electric and magnetic energies. It is demonstrated that at these stationary points the wave equation is satisfied, by showing that each of the Maxwell's curl equations may be obtained by inserting the other equation into the energy functional as a constraint. Furthermore, it is proved that the theorem holds for extrema of the stored electric energy independently, when the medium is magnetically isotropic. It is concluded that when at least one of the permittivity and permeability tensors are scalar, both the total and difference of electric and magnetic energies are extremized simultaneously. As an example, the eigenpolarizations in a non-magnetic anisotropic medium with optical activity are obtained by this approach.

In this article, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is modified for study of optical wave propagation in layered media with conducting interfaces. Both the TE and TM mode transfer matrices are derived and their properties are discussed.

In this paper, exact analytical forms of the normal surface and eigenpolarizations in anisotropic media are obtained. Both the permitivity and permeability tensors are supposed to be anisotropic, becoming simultaneously diagonal in the principal system of coordinates. The equation of normal surface in various forms and exact relations for eiggenpolarizations are presented and their properties are discussed. Orthogonality relationships between the eigenmodes are also introduced. Sufficient conditions for existence of two, one, or no optical axes are thoroughly established. The analysis is extended for the case of electrically or magnetically optically active materials, and exact form of eiggenpolarizations are derived. It is shown that for the medium with no optical axes, being referred to as pseudo-isotropic medium, under certain conditions there is exactly no reflection. This phenomenon is totally independent of the polarization, angle of incidence, and even wavelength.

In this paper, a new integrated programmable diffractive optical element is described, which i8s composed by stacking of the plasma wave optical modulator/switch structure. This structure has the possibility of high density integration by means of the state-of-the-art fabrication technologies. The device has the in-design capability to be either programmed electrically or optically. Both the optical and electrical programming require transverse Dc biases across the waveguide modulators. Programming time in both approaches could be as low as 10ps. As proposed in the paper, the device has numerous applications in different areas including decision making, pattern recognition, high density optical shortages, programmable gratings and holograms, and optical computing.

The feasibility of an integrated optical memory is explored. This memory cell is based on the plasma wave modulator/switch 1 , which has a horizontal layered structure. A transverse voltage maintains a bias for the structure and can be used for electrical write cycle. The cell content is then read by a propagating guided optical wave across the structure. It is also possible to apply full optical read/write/clear cycles as discussed. The read cycle can be either destructive or non- destructive, depending on the wavelength. A modification of this device may be considered as an opto-transistor, in which an optical signal controls the flow of another optical beam. In this paper, an application of the above device as an optical memory is presented. This memory is basically the same as the optical modulator/switch, with the main difference being in the charge/discharge time constant and usage of photo- conductive property of the semiconductors. Contrary to the optical modulator application, where the charge/discharge time constant should be kept as small as it can be, the time constant of the optical memory is kept as large as possible. Therefore, the generated charge layer produced by the applied transverse voltage decays in a larger time scale, conserving the stored information for a longer time. The information of this memory cell may be also written optically. In this case, the transverse voltage should be applied permanently in order to maintain a bias. However, the corresponding wavelengths should be smaller than the wavelength of the reading optical wave. This condition is necessary to have a non-destructive read cycle. Accordingly, if these wavelengths are chosen to be identical, the read cycle would be destructive. The delay of the read cycle is very short and is related to the transit time of the guided beam along the memory. Conversely, the delays of the write or clear cycles are strongly dependent on their wavelength and intensity. Higher intensity and/or shorter wavelength result in shorter delays. A variation of this memory cell has the ability to control the flow of a high power guided optical beam by a shorter wavelength control beam. This would result in an optical transistoring effect, which provides a basis for the development of optical transistors or opto-transistors. 2. DEVICE DESCRIPTION

In this article the relation between the directions of eigen-polarizations of light waves with the stored electrical energy in an anisotropic medium is discussed, and it is shown that each of two eigen-polarizations correspond to an extremum in the stored electrical energy. So for a given direction of a wave vector and a given magnitude of displacement electric field vector, there exist two extrema that result in the eigen-polarizations. It is shown that this conclusion also holds for plane waves in materials with anisotropic permeability tensor. An interesting effect is found that normal to the crystal axes, the distribution of energy in different directions is uniform. THerefore, for uniaxial crystals, only one of such plane directions could exist while for biaxial crystals, two such planes could be found, corresponding to the two optical axes.

Feasibility of a new integrated waveguide amplitude modulator/switch with more than 100GHz bandwidth in the visible and IR spectrum, based on the absorption of light due to linear interaction of the incident laser and a 2D plasma layer has recently been demonstrated. Plasma layers were generated via Muller's effect at the waveguide's interfaces. In this article, properties of the charge layers are investigated using quantum mechanics. First, the density of states and unperturbed energy eigenvalues are calculated. Then electron wave functions are obtained using the solution of Shrodinger's equation in the presence of an external applied electrostatic field in the structure. In the next step, energy eigenvalues are estimated by means of a perturbation technique. The electron density in the interfaces and the effective thickness of the charge layers are obtained using the calculated wave functions. The reflection problem is treated classically by direct solution of Maxwell's equations.