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Single-exposure generalized phase-shifting digital holography enables one to remove the zeroth-order and conjugate terms from the single hologram. For the phase-shifting, a random-complex-amplitude encoded wave is used as the reference wave. This encoded wave can be made by a commercially available element. Selective calculation is proposed for the improvement of reconstructed images in single-exposure generalized phase-shifting digital holography. Three calculations are used as a function of the complex amplitude quantities of the reference wave on the each pixel of the image sensor. The selective calculation improves the quality of the reconstructed image compared with applying only one of the three calculations to the hologram. The derivation of the three calculations and the reason why the number of calculations is three are presented. A parameter is defined and used to select the appropriate calculation from the three calculations. Relationships between the proposed method and the previous method for the improvement of the reconstructed images in single-exposure generalized phase-shifting digital holography are discussed. Two kinds of experimental results are given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. One shows the dependence on the speckle size of the reference wave. The other shows the feasibility to dynamic phenomena.

We present a method to solve a distance issue. In digital holography, the reconstruction distance is different from the original one because of the difference of the pixel size between an imaging device and a display device. In general, the distance is larger because the pixel size of the display is larger than that of the imaging device. This makes it hard to recognize perception of the stereoscopic effect when holographic reconstructed images are used for the stereopsis system. Typically, a numerical propagation method and a spherical phase addition are used to shorten the distance. However, each method is not shortened enough. To clear the criterion, the limitation of each method is verified. By combining two methods, the reconstruction distance is shortened from 4440 to 547 mm. In addition, it is successfully shown that the proposed combining method is useful for the stereopsis by visual perception evaluation.

A method to design an input phase mask for double-random phase-encoding optical encryption is proposed. The input phase mask is iteratively designed so that the extent of the Fourier spectrum of the product of an input image and the input phase mask correspond to the space bandwidth of the optical system. By using the designed input phase mask, we show that the bit-error rate is improved. We also discuss the number of phase levels of the designed input phase mask.

This paper is a revision of a paper presented at the SPIE conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Processing V, Jul. 2001, San Diego, California. The paper presented there appears (unrefereed) in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4471. An encrypted digital holographic data reconstruction method with data compression is proposed. We show that the number of quantization levels of the digital hologram can be reduced. By computer simulations, we confirm that the method is especially useful for binary images. For gray-scale images, we propose a bit plane decomposition method. By this method, we show that both high reconstructed image quality and a high compression ratio can be achieved.

A polarization-encoding system for optical security verification is proposed. The polarization information is bonded to an identification card for security verification. As the polarization state cannot be imaged by an ordinary intensity-sensitive device such as a CCD camera, it can provide an additional degree of freedom in using optics to secure information. The expressions for polarization encoded input images are developed using Jones polarization calculus. A nonlinear joint transform correlator is used to provide an optical validation system. Computer simulations and optical experimental results are shown in support of the proposed method.

An optical double random-phase encryption method using a joint transform correlator architecture is proposed. In this method, the joint power spectrum of the image to be encrypted and the key codes is recorded as the encrypted data. Unlike the case with classical double random-phase encryption, the same key code is used to both encrypt and decrypt the data, and the conjugate key is not required. Computer simulations and optical experimental results using a photorefractive- crystal-based processor are presented. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instru- mentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)03508-X)