1. Photobiomodulation on human annulus fibrosus cells during the intervertebral disk degeneration: extracellular matrix-modifying enzymes.
- Author
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Hwang MH, Kim KS, Yoo CM, Shin JH, Nam HG, Jeong JS, Kim JH, Lee KH, and Choi H
- Subjects
- Annulus Fibrosus enzymology, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines metabolism, Extracellular Matrix enzymology, Humans, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration enzymology, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration pathology, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages radiation effects, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 metabolism, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 metabolism, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Annulus Fibrosus radiation effects, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration radiotherapy
- Abstract
Destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to degeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD), which is a major contributor to many spine disorders. IVD degeneration is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which are secreted by immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. The cytokines modulate ECM-modifying enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. The resulting imbalance in catabolic and anabolic enzymes can cause generalized back, neck, and low back pain (LBP). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known to regulate inflammatory responses and wound healing. The aim of this study was to mimic the degenerative IVD microenvironment, and to investigate the effect of a variety of PBM conditions (wavelength: 635, 525, and 470 nm; energy density: 16, 32, and 64 J/cm(2)) on the production of ECM-modifying-enzymes by AF cells under degenerative conditions induced by macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM), which contains pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-β secreted by macrophage during the development of intervertebral disk inflammation. We showed that the MCM-stimulated AF cells express imbalanced ratios of TIMPs (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) and MMPs (MMP-1 and MMP-3). PBM selectively modulated the production of ECM-modifying enzymes in AF cells. These results suggest that PBM can be a therapeutic tool for degenerative IVD disorders.
- Published
- 2016
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