Search

Self-esteem, a person’s overall evaluation that she is valued and accepted vs. devalued and rejected by others, is crucial for people quality of life. As such, self-esteem has been central in the social-psychological literature since the late eighteenth century. However, its relevance is coupled with lack of agreement on how self-esteem is best conceived and assessed. Here we review definitions and measures of self-esteem in relation to quality of life in order (a) to understand how self-esteem has been defined, operationalized and assessed, and (b) to clarify which facets of self-esteem have been overlooked and need further study. Although we found multiple definitions of self-esteem, which led to a series of measures ranging from single item to multi-dimensional measures of state, trait and contingent self-esteem, the motivational component of self-esteem and its in-context behavioral correlates have yet to be operationalized. What follows, is that whether people think, feel, or behave in particular ways is caused by, concomitant with, or causes self-esteem, is still not understood. Because self-esteem is an emotionally laden system monitoring one’s relational value to others, we suggest that future research could use new technology-based research methods and eventually grasp real-time self-report and behavioral assessment of self-esteem. This appears a promising approach to overcome the limitations of self-esteem’s current theorizations and operationalizations. Thus, a new line of research considering the momentary experience of self-esteem, its behavioral components and its social context, could potentially unveil novel processes and mechanisms linking self-esteem and quality of life that have yet to be discovered and understood.

The question of meaning is central to the human being. So why should coaching be reduced to objectives and performance? It seems important to soften the current social discourse that forces individuals to self-discipline and can lead to depression, self-doubt, burn-out and stress. Making meaning is seen as one of the most important ways of enabling depth in the coaching dialogue. Three approaches to creating meaning in coaching are presented. These take their starting point in: (1) subjective experiences, (2) narrative-collaborative practice between the clients, and (3) a joint reflection on values.

Business Process models are conceptual representations of work practices. However, a process is more than its model: key information about the rationale of the process is hidden in accompanying documents. We present a framework for business process discovery from process descriptions in texts. We use declarative process models as our target modelling technique. The manual discovery of declarative process models from texts is particularly hard as users have difficulties identifying textual fragments denoting business rules. Our framework combines machine-learning and expert system techniques in order to provide an algorithmic solution to discovery. The combination of the two techniques allows 1) the identification of process components in texts, 2) the enrichment of predictions with semantic information, and 3) the generation of consolidated hybrid models that link text fragments and process elements. Our initial evaluation reports state-of-the-art performance in accuracy against user annotated models, and it has been implemented and adopted by our industrial partner.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, producing massive and durable weight loss. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a restrictive and malabsorptive procedure that is rapidly gaining in popularity; it is simpler technically than other common procedures and has a low rate of complications. OAGB has similar, if not better, weight loss results than Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion, likely because of the exclusion of a longer biliopancreatic limb. In addition to weight loss, OAGB has been shown to improve many of the commonest metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity such as insulin resistance. Recent studies using traditional analytical techniques, however also more advanced metabolomics techniques, provide important insights into the potential mechanisms for the physiological effects of OAGB, including improved lipid profile (normalization of triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels), reduced concentrations of total free fatty acids however increased branched-chain fatty acids, decreased branched-chain amino acid levels, and increased circulating bile acids. All these changes likely contribute to improved glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic health.

In this paper, we take technical and practical steps towards the modularisation of compliant-by-design executable declarative process models. First, we demonstrate by example how the specific language of timed DCR graphs is capable of modelling complex legislation, with examples from laws regulating the functioning of local governments in Denmark. We then identify examples of law paragraphs that are beyond these modelling capabilities. This incompatibility arises from subtle and—from a computer science perspective—non-standard interactions between distinct paragraphs of the law, which must then become similar interactions between model fragments. To encompass these situations, we propose a notion of networks of processes, where the processes are allowed to interact and regulate their interaction through the novel mechanisms of exclusion and linking. Networks are parametric in the underlying process formalism, allowing interactions between processes specified in arbitrary and possibly distinct trace-language semantics formalisms as the individual models. Technically, we provide a sufficient condition for a good class of network compositions to realise refinement of the constituent processes. Finally, parts of the theoretical framework (networks and exclusion) have been implemented by our industry partners, and we report on a preliminary evaluation suggesting that inter-model synchronisation is indeed both necessary and helpful in practical modelling scenarios.

Declarative process discovery is the art of using historical data to better understand the responsibilities of an organisation: its governing business rules and goals. These rules and goals can be described using declarative process notations, such as Dynamic Condition Response (DCR) Graphs, which has seen widespread industrial adoption within Denmark, in particular through its integration in a case management solution used by 70% of central government institutions. In this paper, we introduce ParNek: a novel, effective, and extensible miner for the discovery of DCR Graphs. We empirically evaluate ParNek and show that it significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in DCR discovery and performs at least comparably to the state-of-the-art in Declare discovery. Notably, the miner can be configured to sacrifice relatively little precision in favour of significant gains in simplicity, making it the first miner able to produce understandable DCR Graphs for real-life logs.

This chapter considers how dance can foster quality of life at schools. Writing together for the first time, we discuss dance as embodied learning, a topic we have both explored in previous research, and introduce Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen’s (1993) philosophical framework for assessing quality of life into dance education research. We propose that this theoretical model – the Capability Approach (CA) – adds holistic substance to the often-claimed educational value of dance, and enhances understanding of conditions related to dance and quality of life (Nussbaum, 2011). Our paths crossed first in the context of Dance and the Child International (daCi), an international organization aimed at providing access to dance for children and young people, and for dance educators and researchers from across the globe to exchange ideas and knowledge. During triannual daCi conferences, we have attended and presented in many of the same sessions, exchanging reflections on the significance of cultural contexts, cultural differences, the meaning of language within dance education practice and research, and on our Nordic connection. At the 2009 conference in Jamaica we made a decision to exchange data and together apply for research funding. After several attempts, we now have a formal possibility to collaborate, thanks to a research project titled “Art as Public Service: Strategic Steps towards Equality” (ArtsEqual, project number 293199), funded by the Strategic Research Council of Finland. ArtsEqual focuses on inclusion, participation, equality, and student well-being at schools – all quality of life indicators – through the lens of arts education.

Insects have been absent from European diets with only few regional exceptions, making them an uncommon ingredient in the kitchens of fine dining establishments. This chapter investigates whether a piece the puzzle of understanding the temporality or permanence of edible insects in modern European diets lies in the willingness of chefs to use them as ingredients? Understanding the opinions of aspiring chefs can help us map the future use and diffusion of insects in high-gastronomy helps to speculate the pervasiveness of insects in European diets. We assess the opinions of 68 aspiring young chefs studying at the Basque Culinary Centre towards the use of insects in gastronomy. We found that there is a general willingness to experiment with different insect species in the kitchen if properly trained and educated how to do so. However, there are still some practical and cultural barriers that must be overcome to promote widespread acceptance.

Despite high diversity in species as well as metamorphological life-­stages, edible insects are essentially an animal-source food contributing high quality protein and fat when viewed in the context of human nutrition. The nutritional contribution of insects to diets in populations where insects are consumed as a part of traditional diets is largely unknown because of lack of data and information on insect supply and consumption. Protein and fat nutritional quality varies between insects and the lifestage of consumption (egg, larvae, pupae, adult) when they are consumed, and the feeding history of the insects. Many insects have high contents of minerals important for human nutrition, such as iron and zinc, though the bioavailability in humans needs to be documented for a complete evaluation of the nutritional contribution. Few data are available on vitamin contents in insect. Insects have a high potential to improve the nutritional quality of diets in populations at risk of malnutrition, either consumed whole as in traditional diets, or as ingredients in processed foods.

In entering Western markets, edible insects are typically framed as the ‘solution’ to a number of challenges caused by unsustainable global food systems, such as climate change and global health issues. In addition, some media outlets also frame insects as the next ‘superfood’. Superfood is a marketing term for nutrient-packed foods, which are successfully promoted to Western consumers with the promises of health, well-being and beauty. However, the increase in the demand in the West is argued to cause negative social, environmental, economic and cultural consequences – externalities – felt by those who traditionally produce and consume the foods. These actors are located far away from where the superfood phenomenon materializes. Therefore, we detect a possibly contentious framing strategy through double-framing insects as both a solution and a superfood. We ask: how can insects be promoted as the solution to the negative externalities that arise from unsustainable Western consumption patterns, while at the same time being framed as a ‘superfood’, which cause those very externalities? As a point of departure for this chapter, we build on the research article Entomophagy and Power by Müller et al. (J Insect Food Feed 2(2):121–136, 2016), who raise a concern that the growth of Western insect industries might reproduce, rather than challenge, power imbalances in global food systems. Our analysis suggests that the tensions of double-framing insects as both ‘solution’ and ‘superfood’ might be the first step of pushing insects towards an unsustainable future, particularly because of two pitfalls common for superfoods: firstly, the homogenization of diverse practice, and secondly, universalized sustainability and apolotical solutions. However, our study finds also that insects differ from superfoods for two main reasons: for insects’ ability to add value locally and because of the involvement of sustainably-driven actors from the beginning of industry formation. Due

With an expanding edible insect industry, regulators, legislators, and policy-makers face increasingly difficult decisions regarding trade, production, harvesting, and consumption. It is becoming clearer that no panacea or one-size-fits-all solutions exist for regulating the industry, and that solutions regarding a formal or informal economy must be tailored to each country and culture. If the edible insect industry is to expand, and if insects are to be a sustainable protein source in the future, it is crucial that the effects of current legal measures are mapped out. This will lay the foundation for creating future solutions, taking food safety, environmental sustainability, and consumer acceptance into consideration. Exploring how informal solutions, or a lack of legal measures, can end up advancing an industry or economy will also be an important tool in making the insect industry successful and sustainable. Lastly, it is imperative to understand that the consequences of both sensationalizing and alienating the consumption of edible insects, especially in a legal context, might impact not just the citizens of the Global North, but also the attitudes, and hence consumption behaviors, of those in the Global South.

This text provides an important overview of the contributions of edible insects to ecological sustainability, livelihoods, nutrition and health, food culture and food systems around the world. While insect farming for both food and feed is rapidly increasing in popularity around the world, the role that wild insect species have played in the lives and societies of millions of people worldwide cannot be ignored. In order to represent this diversity, this work draws upon research conducted in a wide range of geographical locations and features a variety of different insect species. Edible insects in Sustainable Food Systems comprehensively covers the basic principles of entomology and population dynamics; edible insects and culture; nutrition and health; gastronomy; insects as animal feed; factors influencing preferences and acceptability of insects; environmental impacts and conservation; considerations for insect farming and policy and legislation. The book contains practical information for researchers, NGOs and international organizations, decision-makers, entrepreneurs and students.

This chapter systematically compares and contrasts the known environmental impacts of traditional vertebrate animal production with insect production intended for both food and animal feed. There are major physiological and biological differences between traditional livestock species and insects, which often translate into lower environmental impacts from insect production. However, insect production systems are still in their infancy and there are still major improvements to be made. Based on our analysis, the greatest potential of insects is the prospect of feeding them various kinds of waste products from agriculture, industry and households. This chapter can serve as a reference guide for future research into the environmental impacts of insects for food and feed.

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance precedes development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As skeletal muscle is a major sink for glucose disposal, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity of this tissue could potentially benefit millions of people that are diagnosed with insulin resistance. Regular physical activity in both healthy and insulin-resistant individuals is recognized as the single most effective intervention to increase whole-body insulin sensitivity and thereby positively affect glucose homeostasis. A single bout of exercise has long been known to increase glucose disposal in skeletal muscle in response to physiological insulin concentrations. While this effect is identified to be restricted to the previously exercised muscle, the molecular basis for an apparent convergence between exercise- and insulin-induced signaling pathways is incompletely known. In recent years, we and others have identified the Rab GTPase-activating protein, TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4) as a target of key protein kinases in the insulin- and exercise-activated signaling pathways. Our working hypothesis is that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is important for the ability of exercise to insulin sensitize skeletal muscle through TBC1D4. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the current available evidence linking AMPK to post-exercise insulin sensitivity.

Some of the most efficient heuristics for the Euclidean Steiner minimal tree problem in the d-dimensional space, d ≥2, use Delaunay tessellations and minimum spanning trees to determine small subsets of geometrically close terminals. Their low-cost Steiner trees are determined and concatenated in a greedy fashion to obtain a low cost tree spanning all terminals. The weakness of this approach is that obtained solutions are topologically related to minimum spanning trees. To avoid this and to obtain even better solutions, bottleneck distances are utilized to determine good subsets of terminals without being constrained by the topologies of minimum spanning trees. Computational experiments show a significant solution quality improvement.

Relationen mellem coach og coachingpartner præsenteres som en af de vigtigste betingelser for vellykket coaching. Denne relations rolle synes at være endnu vigtigere, når aktuelle samfundsforandringer tages i betragtning, forandringer, der ofte er omdrejningspunkt for forståelsen og nødvendigheden af coaching i vores samfund. Vi lever i et hyperkomplekst samfund, hvor både enkeltpersoner og organisationer kæmper med tiltagende diversitet og voksende organisatoriske udfordringer, og hvor det er blevet umuligt at nå frem til entydige og varige løsninger på disse udfordringer. Hensigten med coachingsamtalen er at give rum for nye refleksioner ved at iværksætte en proces, der fører til transformation, en ny selvforståelse og en øget handlekraft. Denne transformationsproces kan fremmes og inspireres af tredje generations coaching, hvor coachen og coachee er samskabende partnere, og hvor det dialogiske fokus ligger på værdirefleksion og stræben efter meningsskabelse. Hovedsigtet med dette kapitel er på baggrund af forskning i ’fælles faktorer’ at udfolde og illustrere vigtige aspekter, der fører frem mod coachen som en med-menneskelig rejsefælle for coachee., The relationship between coach and coaching partner is presented as a main condition for successful coaching. The role of this relationship seems to be even more important when current societal changes are taken into account, changes which are often the pivotal point for the understanding and necessity of coaching in our society: We live in a hypercomplex society in which both individuals and organizations struggle with increasing diversity and organizational challenges, and where it has become impossible to reach unequivocal and long-lasting solutions to these challenges. The agenda for the coaching conversation is to provide a space for new reflections by initiating a process that leads to transformation, a new self-understanding and enhanced agency. This transformational process may be inspired by third-generation coaching, where the coach and coachee are collaborative partners, and where the dialogical focus is on value reflection and the striving for meaning-making. Based on research into ‘common factors’, the main intention of the chapter is to unfold and illustrate key dimensions that lead towards the coach as a fellow human companion of the coaching partner: (1) The dialogical dimension, (2) The narrative-collaborative dimension, (3) The protreptic dimension; (4) Mentalization and (5) Feedback as collaborative and outcome-oriented practice. The intention of this chapter is to show the importance of relationship with a ‘human face’ as the most important influencing factor in coaching, a factor that is also recognized with growing interest and evidence in both psychotherapy and coaching research.

Classical software engineering has been traditionally dominated by stand-alone development organizations and collaborations be- tween contractors, integrators and suppliers. The notion of software ecosystems has been established as a new kind of software engineer- ing paradigm in the last decade. In its essence it proposes participative engineering across independent development organizations. This short paper reviews the current state-of-the-art and presents a typification of successful software ecosystems. We further discuss key characteristic of the ecosystem types and present a set of example cases. The characterization reviews and consolidates existing research and discusses variations within the key building block of a software ecosystem. It further enables sharpening the borders of what an ecosystem is (and what not) and how the individual types can be differentiated. Thus, this paper contributes to widening the understanding of software ecosystems.

I moderne formalistisk matematik er ontologi blevet erstattet med spørgsmålet om konsistens af et aksiomatisk system. I artiklen gøres der rede for hvordan denne opfattelse er blevet til og denne historie opfattes i sig selv som en slags erstatning for ontologi

The book examines the emerging approach of using qualitative methods, such as interviews and field observations, in the philosophy of science. Qualitative methods are gaining popularity among philosophers of science as more and more scholars are resorting to empirical work in their study of scientific practices. At the same time, the results produced through empirical work are quite different from those gained through the kind of introspective conceptual analysis more typical of philosophy. This volume explores the benefits and challenges of an empirical philosophy of science and addresses questions such as: What do philosophers gain from empirical work? How can empirical research help to develop philosophical concepts? How do we integrate philosophical frameworks and empirical research? What constraints do we accept when choosing an empirical approach? What constraints does a pronounced theoretical focus impose on empirical work? Nine experts discuss their thoughts and empirical results in the chapters of this book with the aim of providing readers with an answer to these questions.

We present the concept of typelets, a specification technique for dynamic graphical user interfaces (GUIs) based on types. The technique is implemented in a dialect of ML, called MLFi (MLFi is a derivative of OCaml, extended by LexiFi with extensions targeted at the financial industry), which supports dynamic types, for migrating type-level information into the object level, so-called type properties, allowing easy specification of, for instance, GUI control attributes, and type paths, which allows for type-safe access to type components at runtime. Through the use of Hindley-Milner style type-inference in MLFi, the features allow for type-level programming of user interfaces. The dynamic behavior of typelets are specified using declarative rules. The technique extends the flat spreadsheet programming model with higher-order rule composition techniques, extensive reuse, and type safety. A layout specification language allows layout programmers (e.g., end-users) to reorganize layouts in a type-safe way without being allowed to alter the rule machinery. The resulting framework is highly flexible and allows for creating highly maintainable modules. It is used with success in the context of SimCorp's high-end performance-critical financial asset-management system with screens containing several hundreds of GUI controls located in group-boxes, sub-tabs, and menu structures and with very complex dependency structures defined using declarative rule composition.

Som for mange af hans samtidige var fysik og mekanik en stor inspirationskilde for Liouville's matematiske forskning. Laplaces tilgang til fysik var oprindelsen til Liouvilles teori om differentiation af vilkårlig orden, Kelvins elektrostatiske forskning var oprindelsen til Liouvilles sætning om konforme afbildninger, varmeledningsteori førte til Sturm-Liouville teori og undersøgelser af planeternes form var en vigtig inspiration for Liouville's arbejder om Laméfunktioner og hans upublicerede undersøgelser om det vi med en senere sprogbrug kunne kalde spektralteori for visse integraloperatorer. Endelig var der en gensidig vekselvirkning mellem Liouville's studier af mekanik og differentialgeometri

The theory of Sturmians and generalized Sturmians is reviewed. It is shown that when generalized Sturmians are used as basis functions, calculations on the spectra and physical properties of few-electron atoms can be performed with great ease and good accuracy. The use of many-center Coulomb Sturmians as basis functions in calculations on N-electron molecules is also discussed. Basis sets of this type are shown to have many advantages over other types of ETO’s, especially the property of automatic scaling.

Tree automata are traditionally used to study properties of tree languages and tree transformations. In this paper, we consider tree automata as the basis for modular and extensible recursion schemes. We show, using well-known techniques, how to derive from standard tree automata highly modular recursion schemes. Functions that are defined in terms of these recursion schemes can be combined, reused and transformed in many ways. This flexibility facilitates the specification of complex transformations in a concise manner, which is illustrated with a number of examples.

We present a method for generating pseudo-random, zoomable planet maps for games and art. The method is based on spatial subdivision using tetrahedrons. This ensures planet maps without discontinuities caused by mapping a flat map onto a sphere. We compare the method to other map-generator algorithms.

During the 1950s and 1960s, genetics and cell and molecular biology have been swamped by terms borrowed from information theory. This ‘information talk’ still pervades these fields, including widely used terms such as ‘genetic code’, ‘messenger RNA’, ‘transcription’, ‘translation’, ‘transduction’, ‘genetic information’, ‘chemical signals’, ‘cell signaling’ etc. As the concept of information and its plethora of associated notions were introduced in biology, several problems emerged, with which the tradition of biology was unprepared to cope. Instead of deepening the discussion about ‘information talk’, the trend in the biological sciences was one of treating ‘information’ as merely sequence infor-mation in DNA or proteins. Today, a number of researchers consider information talk as inadequate and ‘just metaphorical’, expressing a skepticism about the use of the term ‘information’ and its deriva-tives in biology as a natural science. We disagree with this position, claiming instead that the notion of information and other related ideas grasp some fundamental features of biological systems and proc-esses that might be otherwise neglected. Our problem is not to get rid of information talk, but rather to clarify it by using a proper theoretical framework. We intend to show that the use of semiotic concepts and theories to interpret information talk can contribute to the construction of a precise and coherent account of information in biology. For this purpose, we introduce here a model of information as semiosis, grounded on Peircean semiotics. Peirce’s formal science of signs provides an analytic framework in which information can be modeled as a pragmatic triadic dependent process that irre-ducibly connects signs, objects, and interpretants (effects on interpreters). According to the model developed in this paper, information is treated as semiosis, i.e., the communication of a form or habit from an object to an interpretant through a sign, so as to constrain (in gener

In this paper, we present a novel approach to three dimensional human motion estimation from monocular video data. We employ a particle filter to perform the motion estimation. The novelty of the method lies in the choice of state space for the particle filter. Using a non-linear inverse kinematics solver allows us to perform the filtering in end-effector space. This effectively reduces the dimensionality of the state space while still allowing for the estimation of a large set of motions. Preliminary experiments with the strategy show good results compared to a full-pose tracker.