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Nitrogen availability is one of the most critical factors that limits plant productivity. The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, but this gaseous molecular nitrogen only becomes available to plants through the biological nitrogen fixation process, which only prokaryotic cells have developed. The discovery that microbes were providing fixed nitrogen to legumes and the isolation of the first nitrogen-fixing bacteria occured at the end the 19th Century, in Louis Pasteur's time. We are now building on more than 100 years of research in this field and looking towards the 21st Century. The International Nitrogen Fixation Congress series Started more than 20 years ago. The format of this Congress is designed to gather scientists from very diverse origins, backgrounds, interests and scientific approaches and is a forum where fundamental knowledge is discussed alongside applied research. This confluence of perspectives is, we believe, extremely beneficial in raising new ideas, questions and concepts.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) - the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia - is one of the most important reactions in ecology and agriculture. It is performed exclusively by microbes (prokaryotes) that live in symbiosis with plants. This book summarizes the latest research on this reaction, the participating microbes and the genetics of how their relevant genes could be transferred into the plants. In the light of a more sustainable and less ecologically damaging agriculture, this is becoming an increasingly pressing issue.

This concise yet comprehensive text surveys the field of bacterial metabolism in terms useful to students and researchers. Emphasis is on those metabolic reactions occurring only in bacteria. Thus, the book describes in detail the energy metabolism of the various groups of bacteria. In addition, it examines pathways used by bacteria for the degradation of organic compounds, the synthesis of cellular constituents, the regulation of bacterial metabolism and the fixation of molecular nitrogen.

th th On June 17 and 18 1987 the fourth workshop on'Azospi­ rillum: Genetics, Physiology, Ecology'took place at the Uni ver­ sity of Bayreuth, West Germany, organized by the Genetics depart­ ment. There were about 80 participants, who came from German research institutions, from other European countries, from Is­ rael, Egypt, India, North Vietnam, and North and South America. The former workshops had also taken place in Bayreuth, in 1981, 1983 and 1985, hence the organizers could draw on the experience obtained at these earlier workshops. Azospirilla have, during the past 15 years, found an ever increasing scientific interest because, first, these soil bacte­ ria carry the genetic information for binding molecular nitrogen from the air and, second, they live in close vicinity to the roots of grain crops and forage grasses. By exploitation of these two properties, it is hoped to develop inoculation procedures which can be used in nitrogen-deficient soils.

Are we alone in the universe? This ancient question remains unanswered, but we are inching closer to finding out. Since the 1970s, probes have explored various objects in our solar system, revealing no advanced civilizations beyond Earth. However, bacterial life likely existed on Mars and might still exist today. Venus, though a scorching hellscape, could host bacterial life in its atmosphere. Some moons of gas giants are believed to harbor underground oceans potentially capable of supporting life. The greatest hopes for discovering life lie in the myriad of exoplanets in our galaxy and beyond, the first of which was discovered in 1995. This discovery revolutionized our understanding, showing that planets are common, with each star often hosting one or more. This significantly increases the likelihood of both microscopic life and advanced civilizations. While not all planets are suitable for life, billions of habitable planets exist in our galaxy alone, some even classified as super-habitable, possessing conditions more favorable for life than Earth. Current and future space telescopes aim to study these planets'atmospheres, searching for life-producing molecules. One such molecule, produced exclusively by life, has already been detected on a discovered planet. Despite extensive searches, no signals from other civilizations have been found, but this doesn't rule out their existence. Recent studies based on star formation, the prevalence of planets, and the potential for life-supporting conditions suggest that technological civilizations have certainly existed in the Universe. The next decade will be crucial in answering the question: are we alone?

This contributed volume focuses on the application of machine learning and cheminformatics in predictive modeling for organic materials, polymers, solvents, and energetic materials. It provides an in-depth look at how machine learning is utilized to predict key properties of polymers, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids, as well as to improve safety and performance in the study of energetic and reactive materials. With chapters covering polymer informatics, quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) modeling, and computational approaches, the book serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers applying predictive modeling techniques to advance materials science and improve material safety and performance.

Natural radiation is omnipresent everywhere on the earth, and humans cannot avoid it. Natural radiation is a critical aspect in understanding the health issue and predicting the existence of radionuclides. Because the ocean is the source of all materials, and due to the fact that water from everywhere is submerged in the ocean through river networks, the ocean will contain varying radiation doses in every site. This book has information about radiation status near the ocean in all areas on Earth. There are five oceans, namely: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic Oceans. This book is a valuable resource of its kind for indicating the radiation status in all types of oceans. The outcomes of this book are extremely valuable to people in a variety of fields, including health sciences, material sciences, radiological fields, environmental science, oceanology, water world, and so on.

This textbook covers the essentials of cells as biocatalysts, including cell morphology, cell genetics, cell metabolism, cell operation, cell stoichiometry, cell engineering, and cell interaction. A pragmatic and systematic approach is provided to all such topics, from the point of view of a biological engineer – illustrated by criteriously selected and carefully solved problems, proposed at the end of each section. In the first part of this textbook, readers will find a brief historical review of biotechnology; and in the second part, the author explores the performance of biocatalysts, in terms of native features and upon rational manipulation thereof. Whenever appropriate, mathematical derivations are put forward that are easy to follow step-by-step – even by students holding only elementary mathematical and biochemical backgrounds; and are developed at a pace suitable for self-learning. Furthermore, the functional forms and meanings of the expressionsproduced are explored, and the final germane formulae are duly highlighted and graphically interpreted in dimensionless form – to facilitate the perception of major trends and asymptotic patterns. Therefore, this book offers a valuable resource for both instructors and undergraduate/graduate students – as an aid to grasp and relate basic concepts dealing with living cells as catalysts designed for bioreactors, rather than engaging in cumbersome descriptions of their physiological behaviour.This textbook, together with the companion volumes Operation Fundamentals in Bioreactor Engineering and Modelling Fundamentals in Bioreactor Engineering, fill the gap between qualitative approaches, focused on biochemistry; and technological approaches, which often resort to empirical correlations – unlikely to support a fundamental understanding of the essential concepts.

In most of the industries, industrial effluent treatment plants are playing vital roles to ensure the efficient management of industrial effluent for supporting sustainable development of our society. Due to the technological development, new concepts about future wastewater management are being incorporated by process industries in the whole world, including recyclable resources and energy/nutrient recovery from industrial effluent, etc. However, conventional treatment methods including biotechnological methods used in treatment plants are facing a lot of difficulties due to the strict discharging norms and coming out of new-fangled pollutants. Recently, a novel concept microbial niche nexus sustaining biological wastewater treatment was introduced, which can accomplish the significant removal of toxic emerging pollutants by different microbial communities, with the concern of other components like integrated and healthy ecosystem. The book focuses on research related to future potential and progress of microbial niche-based environmental biotechnology such as microbial enrichment, microbial function, system design, new technological developments and its applications. Besides, the book reviews important interconnections between water, energy, and the environment as security in water and energy, and the environment is associated with human beings, natural resources, economic, and environmental sustainability. In addition, the book describes innovative green technologies with the aim of enhancing the present state-of-the-art technologies in the various fields like water, energy, the environment, and the related potential fields of industrial wastewater treatment.

This book examines enzymatic reactions from the standpoint of physical chemistry. An introductory chapter gives a brief overview of the role of enzymes in metabolism, biotechnology and medicine, while describing the framework for chemical mimicry of enzyme reactions. Subsequent chapters of the book are devoted to a general overview of vital enzyme processes, methods of enzyme kinetic reactions, the theory of elementary mechanisms, oriental, dynamic and polar factors affecting enzyme catalysts, as well as the current status and prospects of enzyme chemical modeling. The book gives particular attention to chemical reactions highly important in modern research efforts, such as the conversion of light energy into chemical energy with a high quantum yield, photooxidation of water, reduction of atmospheric nitrogen, and utilization of carbon dioxide in ambient conditions. The book is intended for scientists working on enzyme catalysis and the adjacent areas such as chemical modeling of biological processes, homogeneous catalysis, biomedical research, biotechnology and bioengineering. In addition, it can serve as secondary instructional material for graduate and undergraduate students of chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, biophysiology, and bioengineering.

This book highlights all newly reported carbon nanostructures including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, metal organic frameworks, fullerenes, nanorods, nanospheres, nano onions, porous nanoparticles, nanohorns, nanofibers and nanoribbons, nanodiamonds, graphitic carbon nitrides, carbon aerogels and hydrogels, graphdiyne and graphenylene. It presents the historical development of carbon nanostructures technologies, different types and classifications, and different fabrication and functionalization techniques, including outer/inner surface functionalization and covalent and noncovalent functionalization. This Handbook discusses the unique properties of functionalized carbon nanostructures that can be obtained by modifying their structures, composition, and surface. It gives the reader an in-depth look at the current achievements of research and practice while pointing you ahead to new possibilities in functionalizing and using carbon nanomaterials. Finally, it covers the various applications of functionalized carbon nanostructures including adsorbents, additives, active materials in energy accumulating systems (batteries, hydrogen storage systems, and supercapacitors), filtering media, catalysts or supports for catalysts, sensors or substrates for sensors, additives for polymers, ceramic composites, metal and carbon alloys, glasses, digital textiles, and composite materials.

Cryopreservation of oocytes, sperm, and ovarian and testicular tissues, as well as embryos, is one of the most critical procedures to preserve the reproductive capacity of individuals. It is an indispensable part of assisted reproductive technologies, as nearly all IVF clinics around the world have embraced the freeze-all embryo strategy with no fresh embryo transfers. Advanced platforms, such as automation and artificial intelligence, are making their way into all aspects of assisted reproductive technologies, including reproductive tissue banking process and storage. At the same time, lax regulations and lack of training combined with rapid demands of IVF services have resulted in a climate of frequent disaster and catastrophic incidents from the cryo labs that store thousands of patients'embryos for years. With the onset of malpractice lawsuits against the clinics and awards of large compensation to the patients, regulations are getting stricter in this arena to safeguard the integrity of storage systems, and industry leaders are developing advanced devices and alarm systems to remotely monitor storage systems exploring the power of internet, AI and automation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive text in this field based on the introduction of such a wide array of advanced devices, newer technologies, regulatory frameworks, risks and disaster management options. With contributions from top internationally recognized scientists and clinicians with expertise in cryopreservation and reproductive technology, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the basics of cryobiological processes and a technically detailed presentation on all aspects of cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues. It presents the current, well-established procedures, as well as novel techniques with the latest innovations described in detail. Bringing together the latest information with key thought leaders in the field, Cryopreservation in Assisted Reproduction is intended to be the go-to resource for all reproductive medicine clinicians, embryologists, lab technologists, IVF lab directors/managers, and researchers.

This proceedings presents papers from the Second International Adaptive and Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology Conference (ASSET 2023), which took place simultaneously in Manchester, UK and Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria on 18-20, July 2023. The ASSET conference serves as an interactive forum for the advancement of the practice of adaptive and sustainable systems across the multiple disciplines and specialty areas involved with the science, engineering, and technology of integrated entities, complex systems, and networks. The conference provides an avenue for practitioners, researchers, managers, developers, analysts, educators, and users to exchange innovative ideas, concepts, applications, and lessons learned in addressing domain-specific problems, applications-oriented topics, methodologies, standards and multidisciplinary research opportunities and findings relating to ASSET systems.

This book is part of a 2 volume book series that provides current, state-of-the-art knowledge, fundamentals of electrochemistry, design strategies, and future challenges in carbon-based materials for electrochemical energy production and storage devices. The key goals for nanocarbons based electrochemical devices are to provide safe operation, sustainability, high energy and power density, long working life, and reduced cost. This book describes the fundamentals and working principles of nanocarbons for basic to advanced applications for energy storage devices such as photovoltaics, electrocatalyst, and fuel cells. The book is written by leading experts in these areas making this a suitable textbook for students and providing new directions to researchers and scientists working in science and technology areas.

This open access book synthesizes important advances in the assessment and management of soil and groundwater systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs). LNAPL characterization and remediation is challenging due to the multi-phase, multi-component nature of the problem and the various physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in a dynamic and heterogeneous hydrogeological setting. This book focuses on the current state of practice of LNAPL characterization and remediation and seeks to provide information and a framework that would allow some of these complexities to be better addressed by contaminated land practitioners, researchers, and regulators.

This book delves into the cutting-edge applications of graphene-based photocatalysts, unveiling their immense potential in addressing two critical global challenges: sustainable hydrogen production and environmental remediation. Through insightful analysis of the state of the art, the book highlights the remarkable capabilities of these innovative materials in harnessing the power of light to drive chemical reactions. By exploring the synthesis, characterization, and mechanisms of graphene-based photocatalysts, the book provides knowledge not only about the fundamental concepts but also recent advancements in water splitting for hydrogen generation, as well as the degradation of persistent organic pollutants and greenhouse gases. With its extensive coverage and interdisciplinary approach, this resource is tailored for a diverse readership, including materials scientists, chemists, photocatalysis experts, environmental engineers, and professionals working in the fields of renewable energy, water treatment, and environmental remediation.

With all the current efforts to use non-fossil sources as a starting point for future energy solutions, consideration is also being given to using microbial activities as a direct or indirect source of energy production. This ranges from the use of algae as biomass or as H2 producers, anaerobic microorganisms to produce methane, hydrogen, and even electricity directly. This book deals with both theoretical and technical possibilities of using anaerobic microorganisms in combination with wastewater as a substrate source to produce biofuels and bioenergy in the form of biomass, CH4 and H2 as well as the corresponding power densities and electricity quantities in economically justifiable processes. Unique process facilities are widely addressed; however, special interest is also placed in biorefinery and circular economy related concepts. The theoretical background as well as application examples are presented.

This edited volume covers the key role of bioeconomy for next-generation industrial production to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. It addresses the key environmental challenges due to biowaste generation and their application in boosting the economy through the conversion of biowaste into valuable products for sustainable growth and future needs. This book also describes the potential future research scope and possibilities in bioeconomy towards sustainable industrial ecology and circular economy. In recent years, competition has increased for determinate resources. There is an urgent need to look for sustainable, non-polluting alternate sources to meet the demands of an ever-increasing population. Sustainable processes and production while using biological material can produce food, fodder, agricultural inputs, fuel etc. with lesser inputs and reduced emission of pollutants. Agricultural waste and food waste are another concern which demands immediate interventions. The Bioeconomy can be a possible way to address these challenges. It includes sustainable production of food, fodder, fiber, fuel, agricultural inputs, and other goods while using renewable resources or different types of waste. This is beneficial to resolve diverse environmental problems such as future bioenergy production technology, societal transformations, pollution management, industrial circular economy, agricultural practices and food securities, climate management etc. Bioeconomy helps to move from a linear economy to a circular economy. This book is a valuable source for researchers, teachers, and undergraduate and graduate students of environmental science, environmental economics, agriculture science, biotechnology, ecology, and soil science. It also serves as additional reading material for professionals, scientists, stakeholders of government and non-government organizations, industrialists, and policymakers of the relevant fields.

This open access book describes in detail what life on this planet would be like if its average surface temperature were to rise 3 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial level. On this basis, the book argues that it is imperative to keep this temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius. It then lays out a detailed plan of what politically feasible, cost-effective measures should now be taken to achieve this goal. In this context, the book provides detailed discussions of climate finance, climate education and nature-based solutions. The book has been translated into English from the original German version published in 2022, and contains an original foreword and preface.

This book presents some of the work presented at the 3rd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability—ICoWEFS 2023, with topics delving into critical global themes. Encompassing four pivotal domains—Water and Circular Economy, Energy, Agrifood, and Sustainability—this book covers cutting-edge research and innovative solutions. Within the ambit of Water and Circular Economy, the discussions span from the sustainable management of water resources, urban and industrial water consumption, to the challenges in governance and the impact of climate change. The Energy section covers chapters on energy production, urban and industrial systems, governance challenges, and the imperative transition toward circular economies. The Agrifood domain probes into sustainable agricultural practices, harnessing smart technologies in farming, climate change's effect on food production, and innovations in food processing. Lastly, the Sustainability segment encompasses a wide array of topics including bioeconomy sustainability, cyber-physical systems, climate change impacts, and resource efficiency, underpinning the urgent need for a holistic approach to global sustainability.

This volume comprehensively covers soil microbial processes that regulate the flux of greenhouse gasses (GHG) from agricultural soils, in an effort to address how GHG regulating microbes can be used to mitigate harmful climate change impacts on agriculture. The chapters define the linkages among soil microbial functioning, crop responses, ecosystem functioning, and GHG cycling processes. The book is framed through three major theme, including source and sink of GHG, microbial processes regulating GHG, and agricultural strategies and technologies to mitigate GHG emissions. The chapters highlight the fundamentals of soil microbial diversity and interactions with climate changing factors, soil carbon dynamics in response to different agricultural practices, conservation agriculture strategies to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, and climate change mitigation through organic and climate-smart farming. The book is intended for policy makers, students, and researchers of environmental science, agriculture, soil science, and soil microbiology.

​Aimed at students and professionals, this book provides an overview of the science and technology of the upstream/midstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. Topics include the origin of fossil hydrocarbons and their chemical/physical properties; discovering hydrocarbon reserves; recovering oil, gas and bitumen; and purifying natural gas and process offgas. The chapter on safety and the environment convers safety regulations and environmental laws. It highlights learnings from major accidents. In addition to drawing on the authors'previous books, it includes teaching material from several courses. These include workshops provided for top petroleum companies and a highly rated course taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).

This comprehensive textbook covers engineering thermodynamics from beginner to advanced level. The presentation is concise, with material for about three full-term university courses on 700 pages, without compromising breadth or depth. First and second law of thermodynamics are developed from everyday observations with accessible and rational arguments. The laws of thermodynamics are applied to a multitude of systems and processes, from simple equilibration processes, over steam and gas power cycles, refrigerators and heat pumps, to chemical systems including fuel cells. Entropy and the second law are emphasized throughout, with focus on irreversible processes and work loss. Insightful development of theory is accompanied by detailed solutions of example problems, which teach the required technical skills while giving insight into the multitude of thermodynamic processes and applications. About 550 end-of-chapter problems highlight all important concepts and processes.

This book provides an in-depth exploration of microbial biodiversity and its crucial role in diverse biotechnological and industrial sectors. It covers topics such as the integration of molecular approaches for identifying industrially significant strains, omics roles in the production of bioproducts, and modern genetic engineering techniques. It discusses biostatistical investigations and the impact of microbial biotechnology on healthcare and emerging contaminants. It highlights the significance of food microbiology, fermentation, and the latest technologies in improving human health. Additionally, the book delves into emerging trends in oligosaccharide production, biobased approaches for a sustainable future, and the importance of microbial biomolecules and secondary metabolites. It also explores the identification and production of industrially significant biocatalysts/enzymes, the valorization of agro-industrial waste using microorganisms for green energy generation, and the development of bioreactor systems for the biobased economy. The book covers advancements in solid-gaseous biofuels production, impact assessment of synthetic microfiber pollution, sustainable management strategies for waste management, and the impact of emerging technologies in medical microbiology. The book also discusses the development of healthcare products using nano-biotechnological advancements, the impact of novel remediation technology, and the utilization of microbial products in biomaterial development. It further explores microbial regulatory systems, gene expression studies, and the significance of mutations in microbial technology. This book serves as a great reference for researchers, environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and graduate, post-graduate students, and doctoral students working on microbial biotechnology and industrial microbiology.

This book presents short papers of participants of the 9th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists «Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes. A special focus is given to the extraction of hydrocarbon resources, including from unconventional sources. An alternative to the use of hydrocarbons as a main source of energy on the Planet in the coming decades is unlikely to be found. At the same time, the resource base of hydrocarbons is quickly depleted, in particularly, large and accessible oil and gas fields. The shale oil and gas, Arctic hydrocarbon stocks, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, oil and gas from deep horizons can become new sources.'Deep oil'may be the most promising source of expanding the resource base of hydrocarbons according to many experts. New technologies are required to their development. Efficient low-cost technologies can be created on the basis of geomechanical approach, i.e., through the use of a huge elastic energy stored in the rock massif due to rock pressure. The creation of new breakthrough approaches to the development of hydrocarbon fields is very important in today's geopolitical conditions and requires the involvement of young minds and strength. International activities, including the youth scientific schools, can become an effective tool for exchange of information and the organizing of interdisciplinary research of processes in geo-environment. The book presents the new results of the experimental and theoretical modeling of deformation, fracture, and filtration processes in the rocks in connection to issues of creating scientific fundamentals for new hydrocarbon production technologies. The investigations of the dependence of well stability and permeability of rocks on the stress-strain state in conditions of deep horizons and high rock pressure are also represented.

This edited volume is an inclusive collection of information on crop holobiome, their function and diversity, the plausible role of soil microbes in crop growth, protection from pathogens and stresses, the use of resilient microbiomes for changing climate, and the use of new technologies to study plant-insect-microbe molecular interactions in agricultural systems. Holobiomes provide information about both plants and their microbiomes, which gives a more comprehensive insight, particularly for changing climatic scenarios. By optimizing the crop holobime function crop productivity and plant health can be enhanced manifold. This book deep dives into the numerous ways in which holobiome supports the improving plant health, nutrient uptake, disease control, and stress resistance in major food crops. It helps researchers, academicians, agri-entrepreneurs, and technologists understand the structure and function of holobiomes in crop growth, health, stress tolerance under climatic changes, and holobiome diversity and evolution. The book is also helpful in designing new dimensions in the holobiome research and development of new products and technologies. This volume is of interest and useful to agriculture scientists, microbiologists, ecologists, and is a valuable source of reference to researchers and students.

This book discusses the role of microbes in agriculture for plant attributes, soil fertility, and bio-remediation, which aid in sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, due to increase in human population, it is essential to increase food productivity in the near future, but exhaustive non-sustainable agricultural practices such as the usage of agrochemicals threaten food security, the economy, and the environment globally. Soil deterioration is the most serious environmental threat to food production, resulting in poverty and hunger in developing countries. As a result, the global community has faced challenges regarding the development of ecologically sound, efficient, and long-term alternative options to meet rising food requirements. Therefore, to contribute to food security, the advancement of sustainable and innovative modern agriculture aimed at addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges connected with present intense non-sustainable agriculture practices is required. As a result, beneficial microbial inoculants will be widely used in the development of new strategies to increase sustainable food production. Bioinoculant application helps to provide nutrients that directly support soil health and sustainable food production. Hence, this book offers the role of microbial inoculants for better agronomical performance for sustainable advancement in agriculture and also pays attention to soil health improvement for extensive period benefits. The book will be highly recommended for agriculture microbiologists, agronomists, plant pathologists, and related areas.

This book includes a carefully curated selection of contributions that were presented at the 17th International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps) held in Dubai, UAE, from March 6th to 10th, 2023. The selection of chapters was based on their relevance to the current space operations community. The contributions represent a cross-section of three main subject areas: Mission Management—management tasks for designing, preparing and operating a particular mission; Spacecraft Operations—preparation and implementation of all activities to operate a space vehicle (crewed and uncrewed) under all conditions; and Ground Operations—preparation, qualification, and operations of a mission dedicated ground segment and infrastructure, including antennas, control centers, and communication means and interfaces. The book highlights the SpaceOps Committee's objective to encourage the exchange of technical knowledge regarding space mission operations and ground data systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of establishing and sustaining a global community of experts in space operations.

The main objective of translational health science is to concentrate on discovering healthcare products for all people where care gaps exist. This book examines the applications of translational research, identifies its difficulties, outlines its essential characteristics, considers healthcare management strategies, and examines the public's perspectives today. This book assists aspiring implementation scientists in researching this area because the discipline is still relatively young for the wide range of researchers tackling the challenge of clinical and translational science, a field dedicated to examining human health and disease, interventions, and outcomes to develop new treatment approaches, devices, and modalities to improve health. This book Edition is the most authoritative and timely resource that introduces new physiological and therapeutic processes to engage the fastest-growing scientific outcomes from academic and industrial research. The chapters in this book give insights into perspectives on the field of clinical and translational science and discuss artificial intelligence in drug development and conventional and novel clinical trial designs. There is a lot of hope that using artificial intelligence (AI) will significantly advance all facets of healthcare, from diagnosis to therapy. AI is prepared to assist medical staff with various duties, including administrative workflow, clinical documentation, patient outreach, and specialist support like image analysis, medical device automation, and patient monitoring. Some of the most important uses of AI in healthcare will be covered in this book by eminent Scientists, Academicians, and Industrial persons from both clinical and non-clinical fields.

This book delves into the specific subject area of life sciences, focusing on the remarkable world of millets and their multifaceted contributions. This book serves as a comprehensive guide to the diverse aspects of millets, addressing their biology, significance, functional potential, and applications. The content in this book is divided into two distinct sections, Section I contains the detailed introduction to the Millets, their biology, classification, applications, and various types (major, minor, and pseudo millets) and Section II contains their safety, extraction, industrial applications, and SDG goals. This book is not only an asset for professionals and experts but also a readable guide for Academicians and advanced students looking to engage with this ever-expanding subject area. The book is a boon for entrepreneurs in the area millets, as they will get the complete comprehensive information about all the different types of millets with their biology, functional potential and processing.

A multitude of steel components undergo heat treatment to alter their properties. This practice-oriented book provides a vivid overview of the various influencing factors in the lifecycle of such products, from design to deployment. Through numerous examples, it illustrates potential sources of errors associated with heat treatment and how to avoid them. Drawing on decades of experience in the field of technical failure analysis, the author offers valuable guidance for both students and practitioners.

The rapid increase in industrial processes for the preparation and processing of various food products have resulted in the creation of large quantities of waste. These food wastes contain large amounts of nutrients which can be further converted into useful products, making byproduct technology increasingly important.Byproducts produced from various agro-based industries like cereals, fruits, vegetable processing, fish, meat and poultry can be converted into beneficial products. For instance, cereal and legume processing produces large quantities of wastes which can result in environmental problems affecting air, soil and water quality. These wastes can be efficiently utilized and converted into value added products such as bioethanol, butanol, biohydrogen, biogas, biocoal, industrially treasured enzymes, biofertilizer, proteins and organic acids. Value Added Products From Food Waste covers waste management techniques utilized for managing raw materials in the food industry in an efficient way, recovering and reusing waste or neutralizing unwanted components. Chapters focus on the latest technologies and efficient management systems in all areas of food processing that make this process economical and minimize the hazards caused by the deposition of waste. From the dairy industry to cereals to fruits and vegetables to fish, each aspect of the food industry is examined with an eye for how to utilize food waste, transforming these wastes into value added products.

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of the latest scientific developments through authoritative, expertly validated overviews in this field. It covers the basic principles, upfront research accomplishments as well as successful industrial applications. Each chapter is written by a domain expert which besides the in-depth review of the topic also outlines an economic outlook and future directions of research of the area. The book is structured in a way that is appropriate for advanced graduate students and professionals in diverse scientific and engineering communities including biocatalysis, genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess technology.

This reference work describes comprehensively, compactly and precisely the history, properties, production and application of all elements of the periodic table. Particular attention is paid to the chemical compounds of the elements, which are also presented extensively. This book contains 23 chapters, each of which includes the elements in the form of subchapters of the eight main groups,the first and second as well as the fourth to tenth subgroups,the rare earth metals and the third subgroupas well as the actinides. Finally, there is an outlook on the as yet undiscovered elements of the eighth and ninth periods, on alternative, more environmentally friendly drives for motor vehicles such as batteries and fuel cells, as well as on semiconductor technology, i.e. areas that will continue to see increasing research activity in the future. Whenever possible, the author has always maintained the order of chalcogenides, halides, pnictogenides, and other compounds when presenting the chemical compounds of the elements.The introductory part, which illuminates the history of the respective element, often contains biographies of well-known researchers whose creative periods range from the near past to the Middle Ages. You will not only find portraits of chemists, but also of nuclear physicists, astronomers and medical doctors.