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Justice concerns figure prominently in local conflicts about the use of natural resources which pit local communities against corporations or state actors. Even where the addressees of local justice claims respond to those claims they may fail to satisfy them because they misperceive their nature. The chapter uses Nancy Fraser’s distinction of three dimensions of justice – procedural, distributive and recognition justice – to explore this argument with respect to a local mining conflict in Peru. It focuses on local protests against a mining company in the Moqeugua region. Local communities demanded compensation for the past environmental and health impact of mining activities. Addressees of these demands ignored the recognition-based aspects of these demands, i.e. the implication that compensation was offered to the victims of past harm. Instead of compensation, addressees offered social contributions in return for the willingness of the community to let the company continue with its operations, framing the conflict purely as a distributive conflict. Consequently, these attempts to resolve the conflict failed.