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Purpose of Review: Continuous progress in cancer care has led to its increased use in oral anticancer agents that are easily managed by patients at home with fewer costs and hospitalizations. However, correct self-care behaviors are needed for the safe use of these medications. This review aimed to synthesize studies on self-care behaviors in patients treated with oral anticancer agents., Methods: This systematic review used a convergent qualitative synthesis design for mixed studies. Studies on adult patients with cancer using any kind of oral anticancer agent and describing self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and/or self-care management behaviors were searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. After data extraction, the findings were retained for qualitative synthesis., Findings: Of 3419 records, 19 studies were included in this review. From the qualitative synthesis, all the retrieved behaviors were synthesized in the three self-care dimensions. Five themes and 18 subthemes were identified. Self-care maintenance included "adherence to the medications" and "prevention." Self-care monitoring consisted of "health surveillance and recognition of illness changes." Self-care management included "seeking help" and "autonomous management of side effects." Overall, most of the behaviors described focused only on adherence., Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review could guide future studies on self-care and drive future interventions aimed at improving self-care in this vulnerable population. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should provide self-care support to patients taking oral anticancer agents. In particular, they should promote behaviors aimed at improving well-being, preserving health, or managing side effects., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: High-dose melphalan (HDMel) is the most common conditioning chemotherapy regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients affected by multiple myeloma (MM). No consensus exists for the emetogenicity or prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in this regimen., Methods: Data on the incidence and efficacy/safety of CINV prophylaxis among patients affected by MM undergoing autologous SCT with the HDMel regimen was extracted from electronic databases and analyzed., Results: Eleven studies involving multiple CINV prophylaxis regimens were identified and included. No consensus on HDMel emetogenicity was reached, but most studies summarized the emetogenicity as moderate-high risk. An aprepitant-based three-drug regimen (aprepitant + serotonin receptor antagonist (5HT3RA) + dexamethasone) showed better efficacy than a two-drug regimen (5HT3RA + dexamethasone) for CINV prevention without increasing the frequency in adverse events., Conclusions: The aprepitant-based three-drug regimen should be the regimen of choice for CINV prophylaxis for MM patients undergoing autologous SCT with HDMel conditioning.