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What we are doing is not sustainable, and this problem is much bigger than changing all the light bulbs! Continuing to polish and refine our current industries and logistic chains to make them ever more efficient is not enough. It only puts off the day of reckoning and the ultimate collapse of societies. We really do have to rethink our use of energy, materials and manufacturing, including fabrication and supply chains plus the whole arena of reuse, repurpose and recycling (3R). We have no choice!

Cutting of rocks and concretes is used for dimensional processing of products or production of blocks from these materials. The ED cutting technology can effectively be used in such processes as: Cutting and processing of natural stones and artificial materials, Crack penetration and direct cutting of blocks of rock from massifs without explosive breaking, Stripping of rock bases under structures during building, Crack penetration for laying cables for different purposes.

This chapter covers the integration of artificial materials into natural tissues of the human body, particularly bone, and what can be achieved through a couple of key nano-manufacturing techniques (such as shot peening and electrophoretic deposition). To achieve proper mechanical anchorage and integration, orthopedic implanted materials should resemble the tissues they are replacing as much as possible. Thus, provided here is an overview of the structure and function of bone tissues, as well as a review of the concepts and methods used by other researchers attempting to regenerate orthopedic tissues, with a focus on nanotechnology.

Surface roughnesses present hydraulic differences that can be characterised investigating time averaged velocity profiles, turbulence, Reynolds and form induced stresses. The latter, unlike the other flow characteristics, have not been considered in detail in previous studies. An experimental study of the turbulent flow over five different surface roughnesses is presented. They have been constructed with natural and artificial materials, and with different geometries. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume and the 3D flow field has been measured with a Nortek Vectrino Profiler. The double averaged Navier-Stokes equations methodology has been applied to study the spatial heterogeneity of the time averaged flow. The results confirm the studies made in previous works with different surface roughnesses and the form induced stresses reveal the hydraulic differences and similarities for the different investigated roughnesses.

International audience; This volume is devoted to an actual topic which is the focus world-wide of various research groups. It contains contributions describing the material behavior on different scales, new existence and uniqueness theorems, the formulation of constitutive equations for advanced materials. The main emphasis of the contributions is directed on the following items - Modelling and simulation of natural and artificial materials with significant microstructure,- Generalized continua as a result of multi-scale models, - Multi-field actions on materials resulting in generalized material models,- Theories including higher gradients, and - Comparison with discrete modelling approaches

Metal-Insulator multilayer structures (Ag-Al2O3-Ag) that exhibit a manifold of internal interfaces are artificial materials, and also known as meta-materials. Their optical SPR properties are experimentally yet not explored.

The concept of electromagnetic metamaterials, defined here as artificial materials that are designed to obtain specific effective electromagnetic material properties, has revolutionized thinking about wave behavior in materials and the design of complex electromagnetic devices. Although originally conceived in passive form, the concept of electromagnetic metamaterials is applicable to more complicated structures. Why not embed into metamaterials circuit behavior that is more complicated than what one can obtain from linear, time-invariant, passive circuit elements? What kinds of new and interesting and potentially useful behavior can one obtain? These are the fundamental questions that have motivated the research described in this chapter. Our focus here is on the integration of complex functionality into metamaterials using powered and/or nonlinear elements.