By presenting the epidemiology of Campylobacter and the main challenges in its control, this chapter reviews the mechanisms used by these microorganisms to adapt and survive in the poultry industry. Despite Campylobacter’s apparent fragility to environmental conditions, this agent is flexible and can adapt its metabolism and growth levels to an industrial environment. This chapter addresses mechanisms such as genome modulation, tolerance to high and low temperatures, tolerance to oxidative and nutrition stress, quorum-sensing systems, and the capacity of biofilm formation. These abilities are discussed, with consideration of the potential of different behaviors that can explain the organism’s ability to survive and multiply in poultry, thus affecting the prevalence of Campylobacter in the final product.