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Solutions for the most recent realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) were computed by the three ITRS Combination Centers (CCs) of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), namely the IGN in Paris (France), the JPL in Pasadena (USA), and the DGFI-TUM in Munich (Germany). Thereby, the solutions of IGN and DGFI-TUM comprise conventional parameters of the ITRS (station coordinates and velocities) at a reference epoch as defined in the IERS Conventions 2010. Although the two solutions are based on identical input data, there exist systematic differences between them.

This paper presents a summary of the activities of the Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS) to support IAG’s Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) in its goal to provide observations and consistent geodetic products needed to monitor, map, and understand changes in the Earth’s shape, rotation, and mass distribution. As a key activity the BPS has compiled an inventory of the standards and conventions currently adopted and used by the IAG and its components for the processing of geometric and gravimetric observations as the basis for the generation of IAG products. The outcome of the BPS inventory concerning numerical standards and the product-based review is summarized and recommendations for future improvements are provided. Finally, an overview about the ongoing and planned activities of the BPS is given.

The IAG (International Association of Geodesy) and the IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service) Joint Working Group (JWG) on “Modeling environmental loading effects for reference frame realizations” currently investigates the effect of correcting station positions for non-linear loading displacements on the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). Another IAG/IERS JWG works on strategies for the frequent realization of single-technique and combined short-term reference frames, which are called epoch reference frames (ERFs). Both approaches are able to resolve the lack of parametrization which occurs when only taking linear velocities of geodetic observation sites into account (conventional parametrization). ERFs can account for any non-linear station motion (periodic signals, abrupt position changes, non-linear regional deformations, instrumental-related motions, etc.) on a regional as well as on a global basis.aaaa In this study, combined ERFs using the geodetic space techniques GPS, VLBI, SLR with different temporal resolutions (7-, 14- and 28-day) are compared to conventional multi-year/long-term realizations of the ITRS w.r.t. the datum stability and the ability to sample non-linear station motions. The 7-/14-day ERFs are able to monitor short-term station motions but the realization of the datum is not as stable as for the long-term reference frames. The 28-day ERFs have a more stable datum but are only able to monitor very slow long-term motions such as post-seismic deformations.