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Microstructure evolution, texture development and their influence on mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy processed by equal channel angular press (ECAP) at 450 °C were studied. The samples were prepared by ECAP from one to four passes. The results show that recrystallization preferentially occurred near the grain boundary, and the percentage of high-angle grain boundaries increases with the increase of passes. After four passes, the microstructure is still inhomogeneous, the fine and coarse grain zones exist simultaneously. It is attributed to the higher extrusion temperature; the grain grows and aggregates easily, which is confirmed through comparative experiment. The strength increases obviously after one pass, unexpectedly, it reduces slightly after two passes, the elongation is dramatically increased from 6.7% to 20.3%, which is due to the basal plane rotation from ED to the direction of flow strain and formation of a typical shear texture. The change of elongation and mechanical properties of this alloy during ECAP was discussed in terms of texture and the effect of the fine grain.