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Currently, the proliferation of interconnected smart devices is related to smart urban management. These devices can process sensor data in order to obtain significant information. This information can be provided to the upper layers but also can be used by the devices to take some smart actions. This article shows the change from the classic hierarchical devices and data paradigm to a paradigm based on distributed intelligent devices. The distributed model has been used to create a system architecture with Arduino-based Control Nodes interconnected by means of an I2C-bus. Each module can read the distance to each vehicle, and process this data to provide the vehicle speed and length. A case has experimented where modules share raw data and another case where modules share processed data. Results show that it is possible to reduce processing load up to 22% in the case of sharing processed information instead of raw data.

Based on a shift in the production matrix from goods and services to knowledge and innovation, countries on at least three continents have invested in the construction of knowledge cities. However, to what extent are knowledge cities (KCs) linked to the information and communications technology (ICT) on which they are based? Are KCs a technological consequence, or a political ideology oriented towards the reinforcement of an economic system? To answer these questions, three global examples and the 22@Barcelona case study were examined using qualitative methods. The findings revealed how political agreements and the modification of urban plans impacted the cities. We observed existing relationships among ICT, KCs, and the business structure that was implemented, although the latter was not part of the KCs. This study presents a theoretical input for KCs and highlights the need for new urban and architectural spaces that respond to the innovative milieu of nascent societies.

Managing construction projects in new urban areas is an essential work for construction contractors as well as authorities at all levels. In this management, managing the spatial evolutionary history of two-dimensional (2D), two-point-five-dimensional (2.5D) and three-dimensional (3D) spatial objects over time and semantics in 3D geographical space is an urgent and extremely important work. This paper proposes a spatial - temporal - semantic data model (STSDM), spatial queries over time and semantics, and algorithms finding the ancestors and descendants of space objects (ASA and DSA). The paper presents some empirical results about the spatial evolutionary history of spatial objects over time and semantics. The experimental results show that it can completely be used to trace the space evolution history of bridges, houses and apartments at a given time or in a given period in new urban management applications.

Since in other chapters it has been mentioned how SIMUS proceeds, it is now the time to explain how the method can perform as stated; this is the objective of this chapter. It starts explaining which platform the method uses, and how it can address problems in different areas involving Business, Economics, Society, Environment, Industry, Government, Transportation, Energy, Investments, Urban management, Logistics, Manufacturing, etc.

Smart city is the development direction of future urban construction and the main driving force to promote sustainable urban development. In this paper, starting from the concept of intelligent city, profound interpretation of the wisdom of the city development and technical support. At the same time, in view of the wisdom urban construction existing in the information security risk, weak top-level design and problems of traditional urban management discussion, and explore the corresponding Suggestions and countermeasures, in order to promote the construction of wisdom city better and faster.

While Lisbon has enjoyed a very dynamic and burgeoning innovation ecosystem, attracting tech start-ups and flagship corporations alike, the municipality saw an opportunity to further encourage its growth. For this purpose, the municipality has taken a very focused and pragmatic approach on creating a solid smart city ecosystem that would enable and foster research and development of new products and services, promoting economic and technological growth, while at the same time supporting a paradigm shift through the intensive use of data and its refining into knowledge. Based on the paramount values of efficiency, transparency and participation, the municipality has designed a number of core projects that will allow the smart city and innovation ecosystem to grow incrementally, making existing services more sustainable and efficient, while allowing the creation of new services that were not possible before. Lisbon’s Intelligent Management Platform, a state-of-the-art urban management platform at the core of our strategy, is showing remarkable potential and attracting national and international recognition. By actively engaging and involving key city stakeholders, like industry, public institutions, regulatory bodies, academia and citizens, this strategy has already shown to be the right course for the smart future of Lisbon.

Purpose: to identify and characterize the functional dynamics of the concept of “smart city” implementation in the Russian Federation and the European Union, trends in concepts and practices in the context of society’s digitalization.

The dramatic increment in the number of cars in cities makes numerous challenges including either air or noise pollution and traffic congestion. Outweighing these problems needs essential planning in urban management such as using new procedures in transportation systems. Sharing vehicles is one of the most useful methods which some countries have been experiencing it. In this issue, 2 or 3 people share a car, and it decreases running vehicles, and the urban traffic will be declined. This article uses a novel method to share cars based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. The proposed model tries to find the best matching of passengers in cars so that the maximum of shared cars is found. Consequently, some vehicles will be switched off, and this helps to decrease the traffic. The results depict the proposed method turns off 41.8% of cars; besides, 27.8% of them carry 2, 3 or 4 passengers.

The acceleration of urbanization leads to higher standards and requirements for Internet of Things matching technology. Based on this, the matching technology of Internet of things based on multiple linear regression model in urban management is put forward. Data in the Internet of Things are processed accurately. Wireless sensors with optimal functions are selected, and mathematical models are established and solved. Through experimental demonstration, it is concluded that the Internet of Things matching technology based on multiple linear regression model greatly reduces the cost of urban management.

This concluding chapter summarizes the main research findings and their relation to the broader discourse on urban governance in developing countries as discussed in the literature, plus their contribution to theory development and policy implications. This chapter revisits the main areas of inquiry and findings for each key theme, namely, (1) the types, processes and stakeholders that constitute formal urban governance in the provision of basic urban services; (2) who and how the stakeholders gain and benefit ‘on the ground’ from formal urban governance in basic urban service provision; and (3) how individuals, groups and communities who do not benefit directly from formal urban governance, organize and access governance to meet their basic urban service needs. What emerges is the fundamental role of urban governance in urban management and service provision and the reality that no ‘one size’ governance arrangement fits all. Most importantly, the melting pot of factors and variables influencing the effectiveness of governance reinforces the fundamental need for nuanced and contextual understanding of governance especially within informal settlements and, arguably, a better appreciation of who makes and shapes the wider city. Therefore, by better understanding, the workings of the city ‘as it is’ will hopefully result in better urban governance and outcomes for not just some, but all city residents.

This article describes three cases of placemaking workshops conducted by the author in three different countries: Ukraine, Tunisia, and Poland, and against different cultural and political backgrounds. In each case, the application of placemaking methods encouraged public participation, showed the potential to facilitate the decision-making process, and helped resolve potential or existing conflicts while building confidence in democratic procedures and institutions. This research highlights the importance of the PPS method which helped to build a team of stakeholders sharing similar views, ones convinced that a positive change is possible and are ready to cooperate. Such attitudes are especially valuable in places where local democracy and participatory urban management is undeveloped.

In this paper we present a study on areas of habitation in St. Petersburg, Russia, which are actively used and perceived by city dwellers as coherent units. The motivation behind the study is to define generic urban areas formed by actual user experience and different from administrative division to improve urban management of the city territory. We employ mixed methods approach to account both for users’ practices in urban space, based on analysis of check-in data, and users’ perception of urban space, based on analysis of mental maps. The clustering algorithm is based on spatial and social proximity indexes and has been validated through the results of the mental mapping survey. The dataset of check-ins is retrieved from VKontakte social network, the most popular one for St. Petersburg and for Russia, and comprises 6128 venues with 763079 check-ins collected for December 2017–February 2018 time period. The mental mapping has been conducted within 39 users of different age and gender, representing different areas of the city under study. We compare the borders of the areas of habitation with the map of administrative division, consider functional load of the areas in different areas of the city, define environmental factors which form the borders, give suggestions on how knowledge on areas of habitation could inform and improve urban management practice.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is being deployed in many planning disciplines to combat urban and environmental problems in cities and communities around the world. GIS cutting-edge technology is an effective information management, analytical, and communication tool that is critical in planning for future growth while ensuring smart and connected infrastructure to foster sustainable urban management and growth. Because of its effectiveness in saving time and effort, and its ability to easily share data and provide accurate results, GIS has been increasingly used in almost every field. This paper argues for basic changes in the way GIS software has been commonly used as mapping tools. The widespread misuse and reliance on GIS-based applications as mapping tools should end. The ability to monitor economic, environmental, and social impacts on spatial dimensions provides a comprehensive lens for collaborative community decision making that goes beyond mapping and cartographic purposes to boosting sustainable infrastructure and overall livability of communities.

This chapter gleans some lessons and reflects on assessing the outcomes of the World Bank’s physical upgrading loan allocated in each target city. These lessons, in their own right, have important policy implications given that the World Bank’s assessment acknowledging that 90% of the loan was earmarked for urban upgrading and only 3% for housing reform financing which would create more housing options. The positive aspects of these lessons send strong signals for capitalizing on the existing potential urban management opportunities from across the five target cities. Kermanshah , for example, demonstrates potentials for institution building and bottom-up enablement in its garbage recycling efforts, while Sanandaj exemplified a strong case of community enablement observed in road repair, and street and infrastructure upgrading. Zahedan represents a unique case of social/individual enablement where women were elected as honorary mayors. Bandar Abbas also showcases physical enablement through physical upgrading. The maintenance of creeks and riparian corridors turns out to be a major success in Bandar Abbas. Tabriz characterizes a case of enablement through infrastructure upgrading and honing interpersonal skills with an emphasis on producing local handicrafts. The chapter concludes with outlining on threats, prospect, and myths surrounding enablement.

This chapter chronicles the history of informal settlements (Sokoonatgah haye- Gheir Rasmi in Farsi) and the policies addressing them in Iran. While tracing its recent history to the Post-World War II period, it explores the reasons why informal settlements are expanding rapidly in Iran, and briefly outlines five sets of constraints (physical, national, supply and demand, and institutional) that, according to the World Bank, are its contributing factors. This discussion segues into the World Bank’s $80 million loan toward the physical upgrading of informal settlements in five Iranian cities (Bandar Abbas, Sanandaj, Kermanshah, Zahedan, and Tabriz). It also briefly touches on the National Enabling Document, which since its adoption and government approval has played a key role as a robust national initiative toward enabling informal settlements in Iran. The chapter provides some examples of a significant change of heart among the government officials by gradually moving away from a “hardware” or “project-oriented” attitude to a “software” or “program-oriented” attitude in enabling informal settlement populations.