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The objective of this paper is to apply the results of capillary pressure measurements for reservoir geometrization in order to substantiate a new type of oil-water contact contour. On the example of reservoir of Eifel – Starooskol formation of Yarega oilfield (Russia), we show that in certain cases formation capillary forces may prevent lateral oil migration, which leads to oil-saturated reservoirs neighboring with water-saturated ones at the same altitudes, while any visible conventional reservoir boundaries are absent. In the case-study, the results of capillary pressure measurements were used to obtain a universal capillary pressure curve. The resulting curve allowed us to find the capillary displacement pressure, which in turn helps clarify the geometry of the oil reservoir.

The influence of structural-tectonic, geomorphological and lithological factors on the formation of water-rich zones in lithologically variable strata is considered. Hydrogeological characteristics of water-rich zones are presented. The analysis of the conditions of the water-rich zones development indicates that their formation is associated with neotectonic folded and fractured dislocations. The type of geological section and the geomorphological situation in which this zone is located have a certain influence on the development of water-bearing zones. The most water-rich areas are confined to river valleys and are characterized by a carbonate type of geological section. Hydrogeological indicators are higher in these areas than outside them. The division of water-rich zones according to the spatial position relative to the relief elements is given. The influence of structural-tectonic and geodynamic factors on the areal location of high water saturation zones is considered.

The effects of water saturation and freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on fatigue behavior of the bituminous mixtures were studied in this research. Three different types of specimen conditioning were applied. Cyclic tension-compression tests on cylindrical specimens were performed. Sinusoidal loading in controlled axial strain mode was applied at 10 Hz at 10 °C. Fatigue test results are analyzed by using three different fatigue life criteria. The resistance to fatigue is then analyzed by using the Wohler curves. Water saturation and FT conditioning do not significantly affect the fatigue performance of the tested material.

With the continuous progress of oilfield development technology, numerical simulation technology and results have been applied to the development dynamic analysis work, but there is no application precedent in finding inefficient and ineffective water injection circulation field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of numerical simulation of movable oil saturation, movable water saturation diagram and single well single layer history fitting results to judge inefficient and ineffective water injection circulation field, which provides the basis for dynamic analysis and development adjustment.

The Swiss method to determine the residual expansion of concrete from structures is based on the storage of cores in a container at 38 °C and 100 % relative humidity for half a year. First, the cores are conditioned at 20 °C for a week to reach water saturation. Afterwards, they are moved to the container. Length changes are recorded regularly. At the end of the test, the cores are dried at 20 °C and low relative humidity until they reach their initial mass before the start of conditioning. The length change during the storage in the container and the irreversible length change (length difference before conditioning and after drying at the end of the test) are used to assess the expansion kinetics of the concrete.

The laws of contact interaction between rigid and deformable strikers with dry and water-saturated soils in a wide range of temperatures were studied experimentally. Studies of the processes of impact and penetration of a steel conical striker into frozen sandy soil were carried out on the basis of the inverse experiment employing methodology of measuring bars. The dependences of the maximal values of the resistance force to penetration into soil of cones as a function of impact velocity ranging from 100 to 400 m/s are presented. The condition of sandy soil samples before freezing at a temperature of −18 °C is characterized by almost complete water saturation. A comparative analysis of the forces resisting to penetration of a striker into compacted dry, water-saturated and frozen sandy soil has been carried out. The resistance of frozen soil to penetration at low impact velocities significantly exceeds the resistance of dry and water-saturated soils. According to the results of the present experiments, at impact velocities over 300 m/s, the resistance curves of frozen and water-saturated soil tend to approach each other.

This chapter presents methods for modeling water saturations of subsurface formations. It first gives an overview of basic physics of fluid distributions in porous media. It then presents several methods for 3D modeling of water saturation, including various capillarity-related saturation-height functions and a geostatistical method.

The M. Cenomanian-E. Turonian Mishrif Formation is considered as the most extended reservoir of south Iraq. The present paper reveals the facies of this formation in Ratawi oilfield by the analysis of seven wireline logs. According to reservoir properties, i.e. effective porosity, permeability, and water saturation, the Mishrif Formation is divided into two main units, the upper (mA) and the lower (mB), separated by a shale member. These reservoir units are almost capped by two shale intervals located in the lower and upper contacts with Rumaila and Khasib formations, respectively. The reservoir properties, in terms of porosity and permeability, decrease (porosity less than 5%, permeability less than 0.001 md) to the south of Ratawi structure due to the dominance of deep marine facies, whereas the formation predicted to have good reservoir properties (porosity more than 10%, permeability more than 5 md) to other directions especially to the east, contrary to what was previously expected.

The Silurian is subdivided in the Tannezuft (shale dominated) and Acacus (sand dominated) formations. The Acacus itself is subdivided in Acacus A, B & C, of which the Acacus B includes more shale than the others. During Acacus A, a time span of ~1–1.5 million years (Gorstian & lower Ludfordian), sediments of ~250 m were deposited. Petrophysical properties are quite variable and inhomogeneous since the reservoir shows layer heterogeneity and complex mineralogy related to diagenesis process, mainly chloritization and siderite cementation that deacrease the quality of the reservoir. The water saturation estimation is a critical task, the presence of chlorite and ferruginous mineral affects the logs resistivity responses that appear to be too low, conducting to an overestimation of the water saturation. For this purpose we did this integrated petrophysical study on the acacus that include more than 25 wells and it began by: Stratigraphic correlation, petrophysical interpretation using IP software, then an advanced petrophysical interpretation using the mineral solver, comparaison between the two methods of interpretation. After doing this tasks we conclude that scale data, rock typing and NMR data can reduce the petrophysical interpretation uncertainty.

Over the last few years interest in the multidisciplinary approach to modeling and evaluating processes associated with the development of oil and gas fields has incredibly increased. The authors of the article studied the effects of rock on the filtration-capacitive, physical and mechanical properties of the rock. The coefficients of porosity, permeability and cementation factor change were estimated taking into account water saturation of rock samples.

Biogeochemical control of recultivation (fertility restoration) of disturbed tundra soils with various granulometric composition and full moisture capacity includes an assessment of application efficiency of peat in mixture with the disturbed soil. The rational peat:soil ratio is chosen depending on granulometric composition and full moisture capacity of the disturbed soil, i.e. with increasing the physical clay (particles

Capillary pressure exerts a fundamental control on seal capacity and reservoir behavior. Pore throat radius is a key factor in seal capacity, with the smallest pore throats requiring the most buoyancy pressure to displace water in the pore systems with hydrocarbons. Interfacial tension and wettability play additional roles. When converted to height above free water plots, capillary pressure data can give a good approximation of the free water level if the water saturation is known.

Landslide occurrence in the Arid Central Andes of Argentina (~32°L) is strongly related to topography and climate conditions. In middle-low mountains and valleys, landslides are linked to summer rainfall, while in highest Andean areas, instability conditions are mainly caused by water saturation due to snow thawing in spring sessions. Besides, climate phenomena forced precipitation and slope instability in these mountain ranges. Warm phases of ENSO episodes are linked to more landslides activity in Frontal Cordillera, and a delayed signal of this phenomenon was found for Main Cordillera in the following warm session. Besides, no influence of ENSO is found for eastern Precordillera responding to Atlantic Anticyclone behavior.