Search

The article presents responses of the author on his books published in the 1985 issue of the journal "Human Studies." He holds that both scholarly and biographically significant point behind his work A Bergsonian Bridge to Phenomenological Psychology is the following, in 1924, before starting this endeavor, sociologist Alfred Schutz had looked at sociologist Edmund Husserl's early phenomenological writings but found that they had nothing to contribute to what he had planned to do namely, to give Max Weber's sociology of understanding a pheno-psychological underpinning which, in his opinion, they needed in order not only to be made consistent but also in order to provide them with a justification deeper than that which could be provided by sociological reasoning. The author confesses that his book Phenomenology of Consciousness and Sociology of the Life-World is his favorite. He agrees with his critics who have pointed out the book does not cover, or at least does not emphasize evenly all topics which should be treated in an advanced and reasonably sophisticated introduction to the areas of its thematic concerns.

Challenges of weak economic growth, population decline, and labour shortages led many countries across the world to introduce immigration policy changes in order to attract foreign migrants. This paper focuses on Japan (Tokyo) and the UK (Birmingham, Edinburgh and Glasgow) given common concerns over long term demographic trends and the burgeoning lack of labour supply in particular sectors of the economy through use of foreign labour. The paper shifts the focus from efforts focused on attracting and selecting foreign labour to the retention of such individuals. Drawing on research with EU migrants in Japan and the UK, the paper highlights how staying may occur after a period of mobility, rather than only being of relevance to those who never left their home region. The paper develops a new conceptual framework, which helps to identify different dimensions that shape migrant staying as a temporal process. It is highlighted how staying is shaped incrementally and facilitated or undermined over time in relation to the reciprocal importance of diverse assets, anchors and the changing biographies of migrants and the places in which they live – as well as the relational aspects of migrants' 'linked lives'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Blasius boundary layer solution is a basic feature of fluid mechanics, and the first application of Prandtl's boundary layer concept as a significant issue in engineering. This work highlights the contributions of Blasius to hydrodynamics over a period of only six years, which marked the initiation of boundary layer theory. His main papers relating to aerodynamics and smooth turbulent pipe flow are also reviewed, and a biography puts his career into the general environment of Germany over the period of two World Wars. A complete bibliography of Blasius is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an information for authors in relation to the submission of manuscripts to the "Journal of Supercomputing". Kluwer Academic Publishers now offers authors, editors and reviewers of "The Journal of Supercomputing" the use of our fully web-enabled online manuscript submission and review system. To keep the review time as short as possible, we request authors to submit manuscripts online to the journal’s editorial office. The title page of the paper should include each author’s full address, including electronic mail addresses and a concise, informative abstract of 250 words or less. Footnotes may be used, although sparingly. Provide a separate list of all footnotes. Authors of accepted papers will be asked to submit a black-and-white photograph along with a biography of 70 words or less. These items should be provided promptly upon notification of acceptance.

A biography for mathematician and fluid dynamicist George K. Batchelor is presented. He was born on March 8, 1920 in Melbourne, Victoria and studied at Melbourne University. He then enrolled at Cambridge University's doctoral program in mathematics and physics. While in Cambridge, he established a fluid mechanics laboratory in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoritical Physics (DAMTP) in 1959.

The article discusses the creation of an intellectual biography of the U.S. sociologist Talcott Parsons. The researcher discusses Parsons' doctoral dissertation dealing with capitalism that was analyzed by sociologist Max Weber, and how Parsons' work delivered sociology from social Darwinism at the turn of the twentieth century. The author supports Parsons' work on the basis that he was a thinker and academician who did not use inconsistent analysis. The author utilized Parsons' archives at Harvard University, such as Parsons' paper "The Problem of Controlled Institutional Change."

The article discusses the life of Otto Davis. Davis has served as president of two different academic societies, and has become a leading figure in the Public Choice movement. He has become instrumental in the development of these societies, in terms of intellectual scope and interests of the members.

This is a brief personal biography of Benson E. Ginsburg, my friend, colleague and mentor. This is personal in several ways. First, it is about Benson's family as well as his career. Second, much of what I write is based on discussions with Benson. Third, after 1960, Benson's story is a big part of my story. I have been there for more than 50 years as it has unfolded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Ivan Hlaváček, top numerical analysts in the Czech Republic, is presented. He was born on March 27, 1933 in East Bohemian town of Náchod and studied at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague. He has several fundamental contributions in the field of elastic theory, dual finite element method, and numerical solution of variational inequalities.

Background: Prospective patients are increasingly going to health systems' online directories to find their next primary care providers (PCP), making this channel of communication important to assess to determine if it is meeting patients' needs. When seeking a new PCP, patients want to know not only educational credentials but also providers' communication traits, and personal information to showcase providers as real people. Offering this information, to help patients find providers best suited to meet their needs, is a key attribute of patient-centered care. Objective: To analyze whether health systems' online PCP biographies are including the information prospective patients deem important when selecting a PCP. Design: Using the AHRQ's Compendium of US Health Systems, 523 health systems' PCP biographies were content analyzed (n = 5004 biographies) from December 2019 to March 2020. Main Measures: Forty-eight unique pieces of information were coded for either their presence or absence (e.g., education, photo, languages spoken, insurance accepted, patient reviews, philosophy of care, video provided, personal hobbies/interests). Providers' alphabetic credentials (e.g., MD, DO, APRN) were also documented. Key Results: The majority of biographies stated the provider's medical education (83.6%) and included a photo (81.4%). However, information patients also desire (e.g., communication traits and personal information) were less prevalent. Only 33.7% listed languages spoken, 18.2% offered patient reviews, 14.4% had personal hobbies/interests, and 10.6% included a video. There were also 192 unique alphabetic credential combinations listed next to providers' names. Two health systems clearly included information within biographies to help prospective patients understand what these credentials meant. Conclusions: Health systems could make simple changes to their providers' online biographies in order to help patients make more informed decisions of PCPs. Doing so may decrease doctor shopping, and also lead to a greater likelihood of developing longer-term relationships with PCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that foundation support of black social scientists between the world wars was a status quo oriented response to changes in the social, economic, and geopolitical status of blacks in a society presumed to be permanently biracial in law and thought Through documentation largely drawn from foundation archives and the biographies of philanthropists, foundation administrators, and social scientists, the race leader role that foundations expected black social scientists to fulfill in a rigid racial caste order is discussed Mention is also made of how the accommodative race leadership role foundations created for black social scientists restricted their range and control of research activities and influenced the careers of Charles S Johnson, E Franklin Frazier, and other black social scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a biography of Ilse Schutz, widow of sociologist Alfred Schutz, who died in New York on June 7, 1990. Ilse is survived by her brother Eric, her children Evelyn and George, and her granddaughter Claudia. Ilse was an elegant Austrian lady. Ilse was so modest that one can doubt she was seriously aware of her own accomplishments, which are conspicuous in even the briefest review of life. The routine worlds in Vienna, Austria and New York were typical for a woman of Ilse's society, class, and era. Ilse's husband died in the year 1959, after an almost two-year illness during which Schutz could no more than outline a final full statement of his philosophical position. She also played an important role in publication of Alfred Schutz's literature. Immediately, Ilse set out to master the financial situation, which was conducted thereafter quite well. Soon Ilse arranged for a second edition of "Der sinnhafte Aufbau" in Vienna, where it had been unavailable since arrival of Nazis. Negotiations with a vanity publisher had been begun by Schutz for a volume of reprinted essays and it was agreed with Schutz to edit it, but Ilse decided upon someone else as the publisher instead and that was only a beginning. There was a great deal more to be brought out in the world of publishing and editing by Ilse Schutz.

The article presents a biography of Sergie Sergeevich Voyutskii, an outstanding scientist and educator. Voyutskii had worked as a chemist at the Serpukhov Dye and Finishing Factory and Taganrog Canning Plant. His teaching career started at the Moscow Technological Institute of Light Industry as a lecturer of extract production and chemical resistance of materials. He was a recipient of several awards including the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Presents a biography of Lev Aleksandrovich Grigov, eminent scientist from Russia. Education; Achievements; Scientific writings.

Presents biographical information on the authors who contributed their papers to the September 1997 issue of the "Foundations of Science" journal.

A biography of Vyacheslav Vasil'evich Osiko, scientist and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) is presented. He was born in Leningrad, Russia and studied at the Mendeleev Institute of Chemical Technology. His career started at the Lebedev Institute of Physics and participated in the preparation and characterization of inorganic phosphors. He received several awards including the Order of Honor, Lenin Prize, and the Fedorov Prize.

Presents information on the book 'Wandering in the Gardens of the Mind: Peter Mitchell and the Making of Glynn,' by John Prebble and Bruce Weber. Biography of biologist Peter Mitchell; Career background of Mitchell; Accomplishments of Mitchell.

After a brief biography of Jaap van Brakel we set out his appropriation and use of the distinction between the manifest image and the scientific image of the world. In a certain sense van Brakel gives priority to the manifest image as the ultimate source of meaning in chemical discourses. He does not take sides in the debate about nominal and real essences, twin earths and so, but presents a compromise. As an active practitioner of the chemical arts he emphasises the indispensability of models as a main tool for chemical thinking. We then turn to van Brakel's interest in forging an intercultural point of view in which philosophy of chemistry plays an important part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of endocrinologist Wylie Walker Vale Jr. is presented. He was born and raised in Houston, Texas. He married his high-school sweetheart Betty, got his first degree at Rice University, and pursued graduate studies in physiology at Baylor University. Vale deduced the molecular structure of stress hormones and parlayed his discoveries at biotechnology companies, the Neurocrine Biosciences Inc. in California and the Acceleron Pharma in Massachusetts.

This study examined the life histories of a group of emerging scholars in the field of mathematics education who identify themselves as having a particular interest in and concern for issues of equity and diversity. Experiences of being the "other," "bearing witness" to "othering experiences," and "orienting experiences" in relation to issues of equity proved to be prominent themes in participants' life histories. These experiences were then linked to the positionality that these scholars now have in relation to their research in mathematics education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Maria Sklaodowska-Curie, two-time Nobel prize awardee and pioneer in the field of radioactivity, is presented. She was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland to two respected teachers. She struggled to finish her studies when their fortune was lost due to her family's involvement in the Polish uprising. Details about her study of uranium rays, pitchblende and chalcolite are discussed. Her marriage to Pierre Curie, her experience during the war and how she established the Radium Institute are also included.

A biography of Dharmanand Damonar Kosambi, a mathematician is presented. He was born on July 31, 1907 in Goa, India and studied at the University of Harvard in a mathematics major. He taught mathematics all his working life until his retirement. He is married to Nalini Madgavkar of Mumbia, India with two daughters. During his time, as a mathematician, he had contributed works in tensor analysis, "path-geometry" and the "Kosambi formula for chromosome mapping" in genetic.

short biography of A B Kempe is followed by discussions on his contributions to mathematics in general and kinematics in particular. Kempe's theorem, mechanisms for generating exact straight line, for rectilinear translation, palgiograph, angle trisector and focal mechanisms are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought and fire are prevalent disturbances in Mediterranean ecosystems. Plant species able to regrow after severe disturbances (i.e. resprouter life history) have higher allocation to roots and higher water potential during the dry season than coexisting non-resprouting species. However, seedlings of non-resprouters have a higher survival rate after summer drought. We predict that, to counteract their shallow-rooting systems and to maximize seedling survival, non-resprouters have root traits that confer higher efficiency in soil resource acquisition than resprouters. We tested this prediction in seedlings of less than 1.5 months old. We select 13 coexisting woody species (including both resprouters and non-resprouters), grew them in a common garden and measured the following root traits: length, surface, average diameter, root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), surface:volume ratio (SVR), specific tip density (STD), tip distribution in depth, internal links ratio (ILR), and degree of branching. These root traits were compared between the two resprouting life histories using both standard cross-species and phylogenetic-informed analysis. Non-resprouters showed higher SRL and longer, thinner and more branched laterals, especially in the upper soil layers. The external links (i.e. the most absorptive root region) were also more abundant, longer, thinner and with higher SVR for non-resprouters. The results were supported by the phylogenetic-informed analysis for the root traits most strongly related to soil resource acquisition (SRL, SVR and branching pattern). The seedling root structure of non-resprouters species allows them to more efficiently explore the upper soil layer, whereas seedling roots of resprouters will permit both carbon storage and deep soil penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of mathematician Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar is presented. He was born on August 8, 1912 in Kota, Rajasthan. He started his schooling in Kota and completed his Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree at Maharajah's College in Jaipur in 1934. In 1951, Bhatngar went to Harvard University as a Fulbright Scholar for two years. He was the Head of the Department and concurrently a Reader of Mathematics in Delhi University. He died on October 5, 1976 at the age of 64 due to heart attack.

The author presents a biography of his professional career in chemistry and physics. He describes his experiences at various universities, including the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the University of California at Berkeley, detailing his fields of study at each institution. He also details the researchers who most influenced his career, such as Chia-Shun Yih, Andy Acrivos, and Charles Tobias.

Modern surgery is usually considered to have begun in nineteenth century Europe. One of the most famous contributors to gastric cancer surgery was the Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydygier, born in 1850. He initiated new methods in several fields, such as gastrointestinal surgery, orthopedics, gynecology, and urology. He was the second surgeon in the world to perform an antral resection, which he carried out on November 16, 1880. The patient, a 64-year-old man, suffered from pyloric cancer and died 12 hours after the procedure as a result of postoperative shock. The next pyloric resection was performed by Billroth in Vienna in 1881. In the nineteenth century few gastric resections were performed for peptic ulcer. The first successful antral resection for gastric ulcer penetrating to the pancreas was also performed by Ludwik Rydygier, in 1881. For many years Rydygier advocated resection in the treatment of gastric ulcers, although it was considered too dangerous for benign disease. He eventually proposed four indications for gastric resection: antral cancer, gastric ulcer, perforated gastric ulcer, and bleeding ulcers. Another operation performed for the first time by Ludwik Rydygier was gastroenterostomy, in a patient with a duodenal ulcer. In the following years other types of partial gastric resection and total gastrectomy were introduced. In 1992 the Ludwik Rydygier Association was founded in Krakow to commemorate the achievements of and pay tribute to this great surgeon. The Eighth International Gastric Cancer Congress will take place in 2009 in Krakow, where Ludwik Rydygier built a new surgical clinic in 1889. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much writing on scientific biography focuses on the legitimacy and utility of this genre. In contrast, this essay discusses a variety of genre conventions and imperatives which continue to exert a powerful influence on the selection of biographical subjects, and to control the plot and structure of the ensuing biographies. These imperatives include the following: the plot templates of the Bildungsroman (the realistic novel of individual self-development), the life trajectories of Weberian ideal types, and the functional elements and personae of the folkloric tale of the "hero's quest." The essay discusses the nature and application of these genre conventions in some detail, with the conclusion that biography, however useful, exerts a powerfully distorting influence on the image of how most science gets done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The study of relationships between family members necessitates data on a network not confined to the boundaries of the household and a variety of indicators to capture the nature of the exchanges. Using the data from Biographies et entourage survey, it is possible to elaborate such indicators by combining frequency of contacts, geographical distance and affective closeness, allowing us to analyse the local or semi-coresident nature of the parent–child relationships and the cross-cohesion between respondents aged 50–60 and their children. By first considering all the members of the current family circle, the analysis confirms that these cohorts are strongly involved in the family network numerically dominated by their siblings and children. However, since it is with their children that the interactions appear to be strongest, the article provides a more detailed analysis of relationships between the respondents and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J H van 't Hoff is considered as one of the greatest chemists of all time. He started his career as an organic chemist. He solved the vexing problem of optical isomerism by proposing an asymmetric tetrahedral carbon bonded to form different groups. He extended this to include geometric isomerism, and to compounds with heteroatoms in place of asymmetric carbon. Thus he established the 'chemistry in space' or stereochemistry. He moved on to work on reaction kinetics, equilibria, thermodynamic properties of dilute solutions and related areas. He laid the foundation for physical chemistry through these discoveries and was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1901. van 't Hoff died of tuberculosis at a relatively early age of 59. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents biographies of several notable people including Michael C. Mbabuike and Ikenna Nzimiro. Mbabuike was a linguist, poet, eminent scholar of Igbo Studies, and a professor at the Hostos Community College, City University of New York. Nzimiro on the otherhand is a prominent and highly respected scholar, anthropologist, sociologist and philosopher.

A biography of Gurii Nikolaevich Savin, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviets Republic's member, is presented. Savin was born in Vesyegonsk in Russia on February 1, 1907. He studied at the Mathematics Faculty of the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. His scientific effort was focused on solid mechanics. He became a professor, director of academic institute, vice president of the Academy of Sciences and winner of Stalin Prize in science and engineering.

The trade-offs between body size and development time and between egg size and egg number (clutch size) are central to life history theory, but evidence for them, particularly in terms of genetic correlations, is equivocal. For the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae), we investigated variation in phenotypic and genetic variances and covariances, i.e. heritabilities and genetic correlations, of these life history traits (plus diapause) in benign and stressful larval field or adult laboratory food environments. We found both trade-offs to be weak, as evidenced by low phenotypic and genetic correlations, but stronger in the food limited environments. Broad sense heritabilities were generally significant for all traits considered, whereas the narrow sense heritabilities for egg and clutch size were nil. With regard to the question of how environmental stress affects heritabilities, we found a whole range of responses within one single species depending on the traits considered. All three possible patterns occurred, i.e. increased h² due to increased VG or decreased VP' decreased h² due to increased VP' and no change in h² due to increased VG and VP. These can be explained by the particular ecological circumstances yellow dung flies face in their natural environment. Nevertheless, the majority of patterns was consistent with the idea that stressful conditions amplify phenotypic differences between genotypes. Such variable responses of traits even within one organism underscores the complexity of this issue and may well explain the multiple patterns found in various organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire for authenticity now occupies a central position in contemporary culture. Whether in our search for selfhood, leisure experience, or in our material purchases, we search for the real , the genuine. These terms are not, however, descriptive, but must be situated and defined by audiences. In this analysis, I examine the development of the market for self-taught art, an artistic domain in which the authentic is a central defining feature, conferring value on objects and creators. Self-taught art is a form of identity art in which the characteristics of the artists and their life stories are as important as the formal features of the created objects. The article examines the justifications for this emphasis and the battles over the construction of biography. My examination of self-taught art is grounded in five years of ethnographic observation, interviews, and analyses of texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the 25th anniversary volume of contents of the 2002 issue of "Linguistics & Philosophy."

The life, work, and appraisal of Thorstein Veblen reveal well the defense mechanisms employed by society's dominant strata to counter ideological challenges to the established order. They also offer insight into the sociology of reputation and, more narrowly, the psychology of Veblen's biographers, who have frequently sought to enhance their own reputations at the expense of his. Central to an understanding of Veblen's sullied reputation is Joseph Dorfman, whose voluminous biography of Veblen projects Dorfman's own cultural demons and insecurities onto his subject, at the same time as it has influenced the uncritical views of later scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few thinkers are remembered so little for what they wrote and so much for dubious legends circulated about them as economist Thorstein Veblen. The primary fables whisper of predatory womanizing and perverse misanthropy. five years after its subject's death. Joseph Dorfrnan's "Thorstein Veblen and His America," a biography on Veblen focusing more on intellectual context than on psychological portraiture, has long occupied the revered position as the central work on Veblen. Setting out to correct the lies and misplaced myths that have hidden the essential Veblen, Elizabeth Watkins Jorgensen and Henry Irvin Jorgensen have brought together an immense amount of primary materials unknown to or unused by their predecessor. In the final chapter of their book the Jorgensens give the readers their conclusion that Veblen was obviously drawn to women who were brilliant, beautiful, needing rescuing, and were not of the usual complacent or obsequious model for Victorian women. The Jorgensens, focusing understandably on how the women shed light on Veblen, not on the women's lives in their own right, do not explore this tension, and thus at times their portraits tend to become one dimensional.

The following narrative represents a preliminary sifting of biographical data gathered over the past three years far a new study of the life and work of Thorstein Veblen. It takes as its structure a four-week road trip to various research sites during May and June of 1998 and recounts both the process and results of that journey. Beyond that, it seeks to insert our subject into the present and to make connections between his world and our own-a creative license that removes our narrative from the traditional bounds of social science discourse. We have taken that license, however, in the knowledge that no biographer can approach past lives without transcending her or his own time. Our present purpose is to make tentative sense of disparate pieces of the research we have completed to date, to examine those pieces in relation to one another, and to place them into preliminary contexts. This is but a part of a larger work in progress. We present it in this unorthodox manner to stimulate our own thinking to help us see more clearly the ground we have covered. That said, we hope it will prove informative to our Veblenist colleagues, whose thoughts and critical comments we invite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on sociologist Helmut Wagner's intellectual biography of sociologist Alfred Schutz. Wagner chose to relate his own work to the life, recommendations and accomplishments of Alfred Schutz. Wagner had on several occasions written about Schutz, translated his works and interpreted his importance for the general reader and the philosopher, as well as the sociological specialist. Wagner's pursuit in this direction has been climaxed by the publication of Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biograph. Wagner held that the biography of Schutz was relevant for the comprehension of his scholarly life work. An intellectual biography, however, as Wagner sees it, differs from most other life stories. Wagner not only summarizes but explores the possible sources of these ideas, their development and influences on Schutz's contemporaries. Wagner held that the intellectual biography was not meant to convey a picture of Alfred Schutz the human being, in the richness and generosity of his personality.

The article presents the biography of author Ronald J. Silvers, as a researcher and an adult in the study of children in an elementary school setting. It is a search which commences in silence, in an effort to understand and communicate with young children about their play activities. As a reflective inquiry framed by existentialism and phenomenology it is an attempt to contend with and surpass this silence, even when there is no interpretive realm that may be shared with children. As an inquiry in the human sciences, the article focuses on the question, when all are outside the realm of another's meaning of symbols and the significance of their commitments, when one's own language and sentiments fail to provide a basis for understanding speech and projects, how does one begin to reach new forms of meaning from one culture to others. The article is composed of two parts. The first, a biographical narrative, contains Silvers' experiences of and reflections upon silence and the search to communicatively transcend silence. The second part of the article, a statement of the praxis of research in the study, is an effort to reflectively recover the analytical practices which are present in the biographical narrative.

The article focuses on mass religious conversion of American Jews to Christianity. Mass religious conversion refers to the conversion of a society and of its institutions. Individual religious conversions follow from this social contextual change. The conversion of the Copts of Egypt to Islam following the Arab conquests and the Christianization of Europe from medieval times illustrate the roles of social shock, the breakdown of communal authority and how a hegemonic religious system is adopted to restore social order to a subordinate community. The centrality of missions in the Christian case is illustrated. Data from the National Jewish Population Survey of 1990 permit an examination of the contribution of change in economic, social organizational and kinship institutions to change in religious institutions. Autobiographies of converts from Judaism to Christianity reveal some psychological mechanisms for dealing with societal and institutional religious changes. Social Science and psychology in particular, has analyzed religious conversion as an individual experience. William James, a trenchant observer of religious conversion, offers a personal phenomenology of the experience.

The article focuses on Jewish women physicians in Central Europe in the early twentieth century. To become medical doctors, these women had to overcome educational obstacles, family opposition, misogynism and anti-Semitism. As physicians, Jewish women achieved personal self-fulfillment, economic independence and had a chance to help others, while combining marriage, family and career. Female Jewish physicians successfully practiced medicine in a variety of fields in Central Europe before the Nazi era and in many cases, after emigration as well. The analysis focuses on Central European Jewish with medical degrees and is based on information gleaned from published and unpublished memoirs, biographies and biographical dictionaries, questionnaires and interviews, as well as secondary literature. The methodology used in this project is that of a social historian, the author's approach is primarily empirical and descriptive. The article describes a discussion of family backgrounds of women in the study population and then focuses on their choice of medicine as a career, obstacles they overcame to become physicians and the specific medical career paths selected.

This article deals with lifelong learning in the perspective of individual life-histories. The author examines examples of learning experiences which have shaped the life-course of the subject or have changed or influenced his or her identity. The nature, form and social context of these significant learning experiences are examined, with a particular focus on empowerment and transformation. The data used was collected by means of interviews with people from various social and cultural backgrounds. Assuming that we are moving towards an era of lifelong learning, what does this mean at the level of the individual life? The present article addresses this question in the light of the data collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C Wright Mills directed sociologists to use sociological imaginations to understand the happenings in the world at large and to understand people through points where history and biographies intersect. Using this approach as it applies to sociology as a discipline, I examine its intersection of history and biography with regard to silencing voices that are not the status quo, i.e. white, male, and middle class, I do this using the metaphor of a magic show with three magic acts: Pulling a White Rabbit out of a Black Hat, Levitation, and The Vanishing Woman. These acts refer to the history of sociology of repressing the voices of the nonwhite, non-middle class and of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Maria Ivanovna Dergachev, a scientist specializing in the field of soil organic matter, is presented. Born in Sverdlovsk, Tussia, Dergachev is the daughter of a famour philologist and professor of the Ural State University. She finished her studies at the Biological Department of Urals State University. Her studies centered on the system of humus substances in soils. She currently serves as an Honorary Professor of Tyva State University.

A biography of Anatolii Pavlovich Kreshkov, scientist and doctor of chemistry in Russia is presented. Kreshkov was born into a family of teachers. He graduated from the department of chemistry of the Gorskii industrial secondary school in 1926. As a scientist, his works focus on the analytical chemistry of organosilicon compounds and the analytical chemistry of anhydrous solutions. He received the titles of Honored Scientist and Engineer of the Russian Federation and of the Buryat SSR in 1970.