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The article presents information on the 76th Congress of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association which was held at the Yonago Convention Center in Tottori, Japan during March 4-6, 2004. Six speakers made presentations. Professor Y. Kitagawa explained the historical background and the current status of sentinel node (SN) biopsy for gastric cancer. After the presentations, five updated subjects of interest for SN biopsy were discussed by six speakers. In the last part of the discussion, the necessity for multicenter trials in order to advance the clinical application of SN biopsy in gastric cancer surgery in Japan was reconfirmed by all speakers and by the audience at the symposium.

The reported outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) remain limited to several single-institution studies. A multicenter retrospective study was conducted at 11 Japanese institutions concerning their results for ER, including conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A total of 714 EGCs (EMR, 411; ESD, 303) in 655 consecutive patients were treated from January to December 2001. Technically, 511 of the 714 (71.6%) lesions were resected in one piece. The rate of one-piece resection with ESD (92.7%; 281/303) was significantly higher compared with that for EMR (56.0%; 230/411). Histologically, curative resection was found in 474 (66.3%) lesions. The rate of curative resection with ESD (73.6%; 223/303) was significantly higher compared with that for EMR (61.1%; 251/411). Blood transfusion because of bleeding was required in only 1 patient (0.1%) with EMR of 714 lesions. Perforation was found in 16 (2.2%). The incidence of perforation with ESD (3.6%; 11/303) was significantly higher than that with EMR (1.2%; 5/411). All complications were managed endoscopically, and there was no procedure-related mortality. The median follow-up period was 3.2 years (range, 0.5–5.0 years). In total, the 3-year cumulative residual-free/recurrence-free rate and the 3-year overall survival rate were 94.4% and 99.2%, respectively. The 3-year cumulative residual-free/recurrence-free rate in the ESD group (97.6%) was significantly higher than that in the EMR group (92.5%). ER leads to an excellent 3-year survival in clinical practice and could be a possible standard treatment for EGC. ESD has the advantage of achieving one-piece resection and reducing local residual or recurrent tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood tests, which are commonly used for cancer screening, generally have low sensitivity. Here, we developed a novel rapid and simple method to generate silver nanoscale hexagonal columns (NHCs) for use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We reported that the intensity of SERS spectra of clinical serum samples obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients is was significantly higher than that of SERS spectra of clinical serum samples obtained from non-cancer patients. We estimated the combined constituents on silver NHCs by using a field emission-type scanning electron microscope, Raman microscopes, and a 3D laser scanning confocal microscope. We obtained the Raman scattering spectra of samples of physically fractured cells and clinical serum. No spectra were obtained for chemically lysed cultured cells and DNA, RNA, and protein extracted from cultured cells. We believe that our method, which uses SERS with silver NHCs to detect circulating nucleosomes bound by methylated cell-free DNA, may be successfully implemented in blood tests for cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]