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An increase in the global mean sea level is predicted during the twenty-first century, as a consequence of global average rising temperature projections. In addition, changes in the strength of atmospheric cyclonic storms may alter the development of storm surges, exacerbating the risks to coastal communities. Based on the fact that the interest and range of papers on this topic are growing, this study aims to present the status of the global scientific production on studies that have correlated climate change and the impact of storm surges on the coastal zone leading to erosion and flooding (inundation) via a bibliometric analysis. We analyzed 429 papers published in journals between January 1991 and February 2021 from the Scopus database. Through the VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R package, we describe the most relevant countries, affiliations, journals, authors, and keywords. Our results demonstrate that there has been an exponential growth in the research topic and that authors from the USA and the United Kingdom are the most prolific. Among the 1454 authors found, ten researchers published at least five papers on the topic and obtained at least 453 citations in the period. The most represented journals were the Journal of Coastal Research, Climatic Change, and Natural Hazards. We also found and discuss the lack of standardization in the choice of keywords, of which climate change, storm surge, and sea-level rise are the most frequent. Finally, we have written a guide to facilitate the authors' bibliographic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this reply to the discussion of our paper (Kumar et al. in Nat Hazards 116:2437–2455, 2023), we attempt to rebut the claims made regarding the use of the maximum sustained wind speed of a cyclone event irrespective of its location, inappropriate implementation of fitting methods, and inconsistent use of future projected sea surface temperature to historical records. While the discussion highlights certain observations about our results, the application of such techniques for evaluating PMTC parameters (adhering to AERB criteria) requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to unveil the experience of rural women in a disaster cycle. The paper contains the ethnographic accounts of the women affected by cyclone 'Fani', which hit the coasts of Odisha on 3rd May 2019. The study concentrated on the village 'Kaliakera' of Puri, Odisha and spanned three months just after the cyclone. Adopting an exploratory design with an intersectionality approach, the study covered 60 women respondents drawn through stratified sampling from diverse caste groups. With an emic perspective and ethnographic tools, the accounts of these women have been captured. The study concluded that risk perception is low among women, reducing their disaster preparedness ability. Family members' concerns and decisions played a crucial role in the disaster preparedness of women. Low disaster preparedness makes risk management difficult for them during and after a disaster. Livelihood, health and food insecurities were the most common risk encountered by rural women. Past experience with disaster, caste dynamics, and socio-economic conditions affect women's effective handling of the disaster. Understanding rural women's experiences can help devise targeted interventions at the community level for a sustainable and resilient recovery in the post-disaster period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the atmospheric moisture capacity has increased globally in concert with global warming, with a particularly notable warming trend in Arctic regions. However, due to limited observational data, the variation and causes of polar precipitation, especially large-scale precipitation events associated with Arctic cyclones, remain unclear. In this paper, GPM satellite data are compared with ERA5 reanalysis data to explore the characteristics of summer precipitation at the northern margin of the Eurasian region (NMER) and the influence of cyclone activity on precipitation. It is revealed that high precipitation values in the Arctic region, as indicated by the GPM and ERA5 data, are mainly concentrated at the NMER. However, the GPM data show an overall larger precipitation amount, while the station observations more closely agree with the ERA5 precipitation changes at the NMER. The cyclone identification results indicate that summer cyclones at the NMER are mainly distributed in the Barents, Kara and Laptev Seas, and the precipitation contribution rate of ERA5-derived cyclones is 37.35%, which is significantly higher than that of GPM-derived cyclones (29.47%). Furthermore, high cyclone activity results in more intense precipitation, with the top 5% of the strongest cyclones contributing 60% (GPM) and 40% (ERA5) to the total cyclonic precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Millions of people suffer from health problems due to poor air quality in regions of high particulate pollution. Therefore, this paper proposes for better understanding of the impact of dust storms on both short- and long-term environmental factors that can help in a preferable formulation of warning and prediction scenarios in arid regions. We evaluate the effect of dust storms on the optical properties of aerosols and meteorological parameters by employing both ground-based and satellite remote sensing approaches. For this, we use AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP), and Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) to retrieve aerosol optical properties from 15 May 2021 to 20 May 2021 over Karachi. At 550nm, the instantaneous maximum values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are measured to be ~0.8, and 0.59 on 16 May 2021, and the lowest values of Ångström Exponent (AE) are discovered to be ~0.2, and ~0.26 by Aqua-MODIS and AERONET respectively. Such observations are attributed to dust aerosols over Karachi; these values are more than those that might be expected on an ordinary day. We also found S5P and OMI retrieved ultraviolet aerosol index (UVAI) of about 1 and ~1.9 on 17 May 2021 respectively which indicate the presence of absorbing (dust) aerosols. Subtypes of aerosols derived by CALIPSO with vertical profile taken on 17 May 2021 segregate the widespread aerosol burden as contaminated dust particles over surrounding regions of Karachi (24.48–30.59° N, 69.01–70.56° E). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate identification of extreme weather events (EWEs), particularly cyclones, has become increasingly crucial due to the intensifying impacts of climate change. In the Indian subcontinent, the frequency and severity of cyclones have demonstrably risen, highlighting the need for reliable detection methods to minimize casualties and economic losses. However, the inherent limitations of low-resolution data pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. Deep learning models offer a promising solution, enabling the precise identification of cyclone boundaries crucial for assessing regional impacts using global climate models data. By leveraging the power of deep learning, we can significantly enhance our capabilities for cyclone detection and contribute to improved risk mitigation strategies in the vulnerable Indian subcontinent. Therefore, this paper introduces an edge-enhanced super-resolution GAN (EESRGAN) leveraging an end-to-end detector network. The proposed approach comprised of a generator network equipped by residual-in-residual dense block (RRDB) and discriminator containing Faster RCNN detector. The precise patterns of cyclone had been effectively extracted to help boundary detection. Extensive experiments have been conducted on Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5.1) data taken into account only seven variables. Four matrices including precision, recall, intersection over union, and mean average precision have been considered to assess the proposed approach. The results have been found very effective while achieving accuracy up to 86.3% and average precision (AP) of 88.63%. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrates its superiority while compared with benchmarks object detectors methods. Thus, the proposed method can be employed in the area of extreme climate detection and could enrich the climate research domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great Kolkata Cyclone of 5 October 1864 is still felt in the hearts of people in Bengal after 158 years. Almost every year, the inhabitants of Bengal are frequently threatened by various types of cyclones. In the last three centuries, from 1737 to 2021, the people of Bengal have witnessed more than one hundred fifty cyclones, tornadoes, and typhoons. Cyclones that occurred in the Bay of Bengal in October of 1737, 1864, 1874, 1876, and 1942 were severe and caused great loss of life and property. But the Kolkata Cyclone on the 5 October 1864 was one of the deadliest cyclones of Bengal. It was also one of the most destructive cyclones in the world. The devastation of the cyclone was terrible. It appeared that the total loss of life by the cyclone in Bengal actually reported by competent authorities was not more than sixty thousand. The loss of life in the Bengal had been partially ascertained. This paper is a case study of a natural calamity that swept over the Bengal on 5 October 1864 with reference to broader questions relating to climate and human settlement. The most striking part of the description is the human casualties. Finally, it shows how the effects of this natural calamity devastated thousands of lives in then-Bengal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical cyclogenesis and rapid weakening are subjects of considerable interest in the literature. This paper addresses the genesis and rapid weakening of a North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone Lehar (November 23–28, 2013). High-resolution analysis has been created by assimilating GPSRO observations using WRF and 3DVAR assimilation techniques. The parent disturbance of tropical cyclone Lehar is traced back using a moisture variable, and it is found to be originating from a westward-moving disturbance. The pathway of genesis is found to be bottom-up, with the vorticity developing from below. Tropical cyclone Lehar weakened from a Category 1 cyclone on November 26, 2013. We analyzed the prospects that contributed to the abrupt drop of tropical cyclone Lehar's intensity in view of this. The analysis shows dust in the post-genesis (rapid weakening) environment of tropical cyclone Lehar. The analysis of total precipitable water in the post-genesis environment shows that the environment is very dry (< 45 kgm−2), and the spiral bands started disappearing under the influence of dry air intrusion. It has been found that the tropical cyclone Lehar is interacting with the dry air coming from the northern part of the Indian region during the post-genesis (rapid weakening) evolution, and the cyclone started weakening rapidly. The dry air advection from the north of the storm is a primary contributor to the weakening and high deep layer shear in the weakening environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-occurrence of multiple flood drivers resulting in compound flooding has received increased attention during the past decade subsequent to several catastrophic flood events in coastal areas around the world. However, most coastal flood risk assessments generally account for one of either oceanic or inland flood sources even in situations where the joint probability of occurrence of more than one flood driver is high. Accordingly, this paper examines the compound flooding potential due to tropical cyclone-induced storm surges, waves and precipitation for a major river basin in a low-lying coastal city of Sri Lanka. The physical processes associated with compound flooding in the coastal lowlands of the river basin, i.e. hydrodynamics of the storm surge including wave effects, river hydraulics as well as precipitation-induced direct surface run-off, have been numerically simulated by employing an array of loosely integrated models to compute space- and time-varying flood distributions for 14 scenarios of cyclonic storms and riverine floods covering a range of return periods. The selected scenarios cover a range of combinations of relative strengths of oceanic and inland flood drivers. The model simulations have been performed for three cases: storm surge (S) only, river flow (R) only and compound flooding (C) with S and R combined. The precipitation has been added in the cases of river flow and compound flooding events. The analysis of model simulations provides further insight into the temporal and spatial variation of the nonlinear interaction of storm surge and riverine flow that occurs in a transition zone between the respective fully dominant regions. The analysis of time-varying flood levels indicates a lesser interaction between storm surge-induced and riverine flood waves when one component is more dominant than the other whilst nearly equal magnitudes resulting in a greater interaction and rise in instantaneous compound flood level compared to flood levels if either component were to act separately. The effect of the phase shift of storm surge and riverine flood waves on the peak flood levels and extents as well as on the degree of nonlinear interaction of the component flows in the compound region are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive review of state of the art numerical modeling in the field of sea bed morphology during cyclonic events is of vital importance. In this study a high impact and devastating cyclone, Vardah (2016) is considered to understand the hydrodynamic conditions, whereas, the recent cyclone, Nivar (2020) is considered for investigating the morphodynamic changes along the continental shelf region off the state of Tamilnadu, India. Three different models are coupled intrinsically to simulate hydrodynamics of tides and surges, waves and morphodynamic conditions. Initially, the hydrodynamic and wave models are established and validated with field measurements for an extreme event. Then, morphodynamic model is coupled with validated wave and tide model. Furthermore, the validation of bed evolution is performed for two cases viz., currents only and combination of waves and currents. The combined effect of tides, waves and surges improves the morphodynamic predictions. The present paper emphasizes the spatial and temporal morphological changes along the radius of cyclone pertaining to the shelf region. It is observed that the impact of cyclone on morphodynamics is predominant upto half the radius of the cyclone along the coast and upto 25 m contour from the coast across the shelf region. In this study, the bed evolution and its rate of change at various locations along the coast and across the shelf are extensively discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal population of Indian subcontinent experience a variety of coastal hazards, of which cyclone is the most destructive one. The paper analyses the vulnerability level of the east coastal districts of Bay of Bengal stretching for 1400 km by adopting an innovative approach to estimate vulnerability index through hazard exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability measures. Findings reveal that northern districts located close to the apex of Bay of Bengal are more vulnerable to coastal cyclones as compared to the southern part. Districts with a higher degree of coastal vulnerability experience markedly higher neonatal and under-5 mortality. Prevalence of diarrhoea among children, unimproved sanitation facility and unimproved sources of drinking water are revealingly associated with more neonatal and under-5 mortality across coastal districts. Women, children, elderly and the agrarian population are more sensitive to the cyclone. Lack of infrastructure, education and poor health care system hinder adaptive capacity. The study propagates strong disaster planning and improvement of basic facilities, especially immunization coverages of the vulnerable districts of east coast in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cubical fuzzy sets, a novel structure, deal with the fuzziness of information more effectively than picture fuzzy sets and spherical fuzzy sets. Each member of a CFS is an ordered quadruple consisting of an element of the universe of discourse and three numbers in the unit interval called, respectively, membership grade, neutral membership grade, and non-membership grade, such that their cubic sum is bounded by one. CFSs, being an extension of PFSs and CFSs by enlarging the space of membership grades, give decision-makers more leeway in assigning values. In this paper, we first integrate the notion of Hamacher T-norm and T-conorm with the structure of CFSs to devise the novel cubical fuzzy Hamacher operations and discuss their essential properties. Then, by employing the idea of cubical fuzzy Hamacher operations, we introduce novel aggregation operators called cubical fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators. The concepts of the cubical fuzzy Hamacher weighted average operator, the cubical fuzzy Hamacher ordered weighted average operator, and the cubical fuzzy Hamacher hybrid average weighted operator are presented and discussed thoroughly in the first section of this work. The cubical fuzzy Hamacher weighted geometric operator, the cubical fuzzy Hamacher ordered weighted geometric operator, and the cubical fuzzy Hamacher hybrid geometric operator are introduced in the second portion, and its essential features are explored. The proposed operators are then used to create some strategies for solving cubical fuzzy information-based multiple attribute decision-making issues. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed methodology, a real-world example of cyclone disaster appraisal is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the long-term studies of mesoscale cyclones in the Arctic region that started in 1960, this atmospheric phenomenon has not been fully understood yet and is extremely difficult to predict. This is mainly due to the lack of satellite monitoring of the atmosphere in the northern polar latitudes with a high temporal resolution and an extremely sparse network of ground-based observations in the Arctic. On February 28, 2021, the Russian Arktika-MNo. 1 satellite was launched, which is the world's first hydrometeorological satellite operating in a highly elliptical Molniya-type orbit. The launch of this unique satellite with a multichannel scanning unit (MSU-GS) as the main onboard mission equipment opened a possibility of obtaining data on the state of the atmosphere over the entire Arctic region with a frequency of 15/30 min during the working section of the satellite orbit. In particular, obtaining these data makes an invaluable contribution to solving the problems of monitoring and studying mesoscale cyclones in the northern polar latitudes, which is clearly shown in the present paper. The first summary results of monitoring mesoscale cyclones are presented as a map of their occurrence frequency. The potential of using the Arktika-M No. 1 MSU-GS data coupled with data of the regional hydrodynamic forecast model to perform synoptic analysis by the example of the manifestation of mesoscale cyclogenesis in the Barents Sea on May 31, 2021, is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Japan Meteorological Agency (JRA-55) reanalysis and observational rainfall datasets from the National Climate Center (NCC) of China, as well as satellite datasets from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), are used. The correlation coefficient and fast Fourier transform (FFT) low-pass filter are also used, in order to reveal the interdecadal decrease in autumn rainfall in Southeast China (SEC) after 1990. The close and robust relationship between the interdecadal variation in autumn rainfall in SEC and sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific is investigated. The most significant and stable region of correlation is located in 10° S–10° N, 160° E–160° W, in which there also exists interdecadal warming after 1990. Furthermore, the interdecadal warming of SST can induce Gill responses of the atmosphere: a cyclone anomaly is produced on each side of the equator in the lower troposphere, with a westerly anomaly to the west of the dateline, and an anticyclone anomaly is produced in the upper troposphere. In particular, the cyclone anomaly on the northern side of the equator is located in the Northwest Pacific (NWP), and its ambient northerly airflow weakens meridional water vapor transport, as well as the local descending motion and low-troposphere divergence, in favor of the interdecadal decrease in SEC rainfall after 1990. In addition, the sensitive experiments with ECHAM-5.4 model also confirm that the interdecadal warming in the region (10° S–10° N, 160° E–160° W) would motivate the atmospheric Gill response and thereby cause the sinking motion in SEC and support the interdecadal decrease in autumn rainfall in SEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the rainfall in southern Australia is associated with cyclones, cold fronts, and thunderstorms, and cases when these weather systems co-occur are particularly likely to cause extreme rainfall. Rainfall declines in some parts of southern Australia during the cool half of the year in recent decades have previously been attributed to decreases in the rainfall from fronts and/or cyclones, while thunderstorm-related rainfall has been observed to increase, particularly in the warm half of the year. However, the co-occurrence of these systems, particularly the co-occurrence of cyclones or fronts with thunderstorms, can be very important for rainfall in some areas, particularly heavy rainfall, and changes in the frequency of these combined weather systems have not been previously assessed. In this paper we show that the majority of the observed cool season rainfall decline between 1979–1996 and 1997–2015 in southeast Australia is associated with a decrease in the frequency of fronts and cyclones that produce rainfall, while there has simultaneously been an increase in the frequency of cold fronts and thunderstorms that do not produce rainfall in some regions. Thunderstorm rainfall has increased in much of southern Australia, particularly during the warm half of the year, including an increase in rainfall where a thunderstorm environment occurs at the same time as a cyclone or front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study long-term changes in the main directions of movement (storm tracks) of extratropical cyclones in the North Atlantic over the period 1873–2021. It was found that in the cold half of the year (the period of the most intense cyclogenesis), the average latitudes of storm tracks in the longitudinal range from 60° to 10° W experience oscillations with periods ∼80–100, ∼40–47, and ∼22 years, indicating their possible association with solar activity variations. The trajectories of cyclones were shifted to the north at the minimum of the Gleissberg secular cycle (∼1900–1930) and to the south at the cycle maximum (∼1940–1960). The secular changes in storm track latitudes amount to ∼3°–5° in the western part of the North Atlantic (the area of formation and the most intensive development of cyclones). On the bidecadal scale, a northward shift of cyclone trajectories in even solar cycles and a southward shift in odd ones were found. The shift of cyclone trajectories to the north in even cycles reached maximal values (∼1°–2° relative to a secular variation) at the descending branch and the minimum of the solar cycle (2nd−6th years after the maximum) in the eastern part of the North Atlantic. Changes in intensity of the stratospheric polar vortex, caused by variations in galactic cosmic rays and geomagnetic activity, are a possible reason for oscillations in cyclone trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to explore the indigenous coping strategies of cyclone-affected coastal people, especially in southwestern part of Bangladesh. This study has been conducted by using qualitative methods, i.e., case study, key informants interviews and focus group discussion were adopted to get the vivid and comprehensive panorama of coping strategies of cyclone-affected coastal people. The paper examines that coastal people envisaged with frequent and severe natural hazards throughout the years which severely affect their everyday life. The findings indicate that in order to cope with the hazards, coastal people change their housing structure, search new jobs, migrate elsewhere, rear alternative livestock, borrow money, take relief and so on. The findings also indicate that local people can perceive and predict about the imminent hazards by observing different indicators and take initiative for disaster prevention, mitigation and adaptation from their existing traditional knowledge and practices. There has not been conducted much empirical research on indigenous coping strategies of coastal people in natural hazards, so policy maker can get a comprehensive view about this context and implement it to national policy for comprehensive disaster management and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A tropical cyclone is one of the most devastating meteorological events. In recent years, we faced some very severe cyclones to a super cyclone successively that caused heavy damages to life and property during the helpless situations of the global pandemic. In this paper, we studied the frequency of cyclones from the years 1891 to 2019, i.e., for 129 years, on the Arabian Sea Basin, Bay of Bengal Basin, and land. We have categorized the cyclones according to their wind speeds: (i) cyclonic storms and severe cyclonic storms (CS + SCS) and (ii) depressions, cyclonic storms, and severe cyclonic storms (D + CS + SCS) where depressions, cyclonic storms, and severe cyclonic storms have wind speeds of more than or equal to 17 knots, 34 knots, and 48 knots respectively. We examined the Markovian dependence of the discretized time series of the two categories mentioned earlier for the first, second, third, and fourth order of a two-state Markov chain model. It is found that CS + SCS represents the first-order two-state (FOTS) model of Markov chain and D + CS + SCS represents the second-order two-state (SOTS) model of Markov chain. Thereafter, we have developed autoregressive models for the two categories and checked their goodness of fit using Willmott's indices of orders 1 and 2. It is found that CS + SCS best represents the autoregressive model of order 5, whereas D + CS + SCS could not be efficiently represented by the developed autoregressive models. So we further developed autoregressive neural networks for D + CS + SCS and obtained a significant hike in the prediction yield. Nevertheless, it is found that both categories are not serially independent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerability assessment due to tropical storms has been attempted for larger spatial units, and the roles played by natural ecosystems like mangroves or hydrological variables like proximity to rivers or various socio-economic factors determining economic well-being are rarely taken into account. During cyclones, evacuation and relief works are undertaken at the village level, and thus, knowledge of relative vulnerability of the coastal villages is important to the policy makers. The paper studies 262 villages lying within a 10 km of the coast in one of the most cyclone prone districts of India and estimates the probability of expected human fatality due to severe cyclone for these villages. Such probabilities are calculated from a cyclone impact (human deaths) function where a wide range of factors including natural ecosystems are used to control for the exposure and adaptive capacity of the villages. The results show villages established in mangrove habitat areas (after clearing the forest) and those with more marginal workers (without any regular jobs) to face a very high death risk. In contrast, villages situated in the leeward side of existing mangrove forest or near a major river are seen to be facing a much lower risk of deaths. The results have important implications like conserving mangroves in cyclone-prone areas, priority evacuation of villages established in the mangrove habitat before a high-intensity cyclone, etc., for cyclone hazard management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional (two products) cyclone have been widely used for classification in most mineral plants. But it is hard to satisfy the requirements of some productions by changing the parameter, such as cylindrical length and cone angle. In this paper, a three-product cyclone was developed and tested for recovery of the solid particles, which was composed of a primary cylinder and a secondary cyclone. Most of the fine particles were separated in the primary cylinder of the three-product cyclone by over flow, in order to reduce the particle size distribution before the separation of second stage. The remaining particles would be further classified by the secondary cyclone of the three-product cyclone. The design and operation of the three-product cyclone was systematically studied, and the size distribution have been analyzed of the three produces. The influence of the major parameters of cyclone, such as the spigot diameter, vortex finder diameter, and vortex finder length, on the solid recovery were investigated. Meanwhile, the regression models of the solid percent of the cylinder overflow, the cyclone overflow, and the cyclone underflow were developed through computer fitting analysis, which fitted well with the experimental values of solids recovered in the three products. The application of the regression models on the three products was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper demonstrates how deep learning (DL) pipeline can be accelerated by the use of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based accelerator. An affordable Cyclone V FPGA was tested against two benchmark programs which perform classification and object detection. Use of FPGA helps significant reduction of average processing time for classification and boosts real-time capabilities for object detection without extra overheads, thus offering high processing rate (in FPS). The repeated tests were conducted and showed the performance speedup obtained by utilizing out-off-the-box optimization from within the Open Visual Inference and Neural network Optimization (OpenVINO) tookit. These two benchmark programs are run as pure software and then accelerated by hardware and demonstrate the advantages of FPGA DL acceleration and the OpenVINO tool kit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the impact of direct assimilation of Indian Ocean Data Coverage (IODC) Meteosat-8 SEVIRI Clear Sky Brightness Temperatures (CSBTs) and the Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) in a 4D-Var framework through a set of Observing System Experiments (OSEs) during May 2018. Meteosat-8 located at 3.5°E was relocated to 41.5°E and fully functional over the IODC region since February 2017. The impact of CSBTs from selected infra-red and water vapor channels of SEVIRI and AMVs derived from visible, infrared and water vapor channels is studied through identical OSEs using National centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (NCMRWF) Unified Model (NCUM) assimilation and forecast system. The study discovered that the analysis increments of humidity and temperature are largely driven by AMVs rather than the CSBTs over the IODC region. The complementarity of AMV and CSBT assimilation is noticed in the wind analysis. Humidity forecasts from NCUM in the medium range show that the CSBT contribution is less than that of AMVs. CSBT assimilation showed near neutral impact in the temperature forecasts; however, it has contributed significantly to the wind forecast, at different pressure levels. Impact parameter estimated based on European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 global reanalysis shows that Meteosat-8 AMV assimilation produced noticeable improvement over the Indian Ocean region, particularly in the lower and upper tropospheric levels. Results from this study indicate the importance of wind assimilation over the Tropics, compared to the use of CSBTs. Though the AMV assimilation improved the humidity and wind fields, the statistical skill scores analyzed during the extreme precipitation event associated with two cyclones during the study period show that the precipitation over the IODC region is predicted well when the AMVs are denied from the assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents numerical modeling to determine characteristics of producer gas combustion in a cyclone combustor under different air–fuel mixing patterns. The burner was configured by varying in premixed, non-premixed, and co-flow modes. The combustion process was operated at a thermal power input of about 50 kW with respect to ambient conditions of air–fuel injections. The numerical modeling was carried out using the eddy dissipation concept combustion model integrated with a 17 species skeletal (SK17) reaction mechanism. The numerical result was validated with the existing experimental data before implementing the studied cases. Swirling flow field and combustion characteristics were compared for all three cases. It could be concluded that the premixed combustion mode was a better option in comparison with two other cases, considering that it gives higher swirling flow field characteristics, leading to a good result in combustion efficiency and lower both CO and NO emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclones endanger life and cause great financial impact on interior and coastal regions through the destruction of buildings and land. Governments need to have a way of estimating the chance of different regions being impacted by a cyclone. The goal of this paper is to use big data to better predict future cyclone impacts. Large cyclone data sets from the CMA Tropical Cyclone Data Center are used in the analysis. By using big data analysis techniques, long-term patterns in cyclone locations and size can be revealed. The Hausdorff distance is used to determine overall changes in cyclone positions decade by decade. Monte Carlo techniques estimate the probability of a region being impacted by a cyclone any given year. This is done by creating random data sets that mimic long-term patterns in cyclone position and radii. It will be shown that any region can be assigned a probability of cyclone impact purely on large historical data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the influence of the main mode of interannual variability of the North Atlantic climate system—the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)—on the hydrophysical and hydrometeorological characteristics of the Nordic seas. A new scheme of the ocean–atmosphere interaction in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Basin is proposed. In the positive NAO phase, the amount of Atlantic water inflow through the Faroe–Shetland Channel into the Norwegian Sea decreases, as well as the specific heat transfer to the atmosphere. Cyclonic activity becomes more active over the marginal seas of the Eurasian shelf in winter in the positive NAO phase. Cyclone trajectories are displaced to the north, which contributes to advection of warm air to the water area of the Nordic seas, and in the Barents Sea region, the frequency of southerly winds increases. The water temperature in the Nordcape Current in this period rises, and the ice extent of the Barents Sea decreases. The processes in the ocean–atmosphere–ice system in the Western Arctic in the negative NAO phase occur in the opposite direction. These conclusions were obtained for a time interval characterized by negative values of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO index). During the positive phase of the AMO, which began to prevail in the 2000s, the processes in the ocean–atmosphere–ice system of the Barents Sea apparently occurred mainly under the influence of advection of Atlantic water with elevated temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After reviewing relevant climate impact assessment guidelines derived from those of the United States Country Study Program (USCSP), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and UNEP, the author adopted a set of impact assessment steps towards a methodological procedure for assessing vulnerability and adaptation (V and A) in a Bangladesh coastal cyclone-prone area. This paper classifies and prioritizes the intensity of V and A issues through weighting index values of two recent cyclones: 'Sidr' in 2007 and 'Aila' in 2009. This study offers a model using V and A techniques ideal for immediate policy-making in order to reduce future vulnerability at local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two neighboring countries in the southeastern region of Europe, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), belong to the same geotectonic units of the Dinarides and to the Pannonian Basin, which influence relief types, lithology, and types of slope movements, i.e., landslides. The Dinarides are a mountain chain with a northwest-southeast direction that span from Slovenia through Croatia, BIH and Montenegro to Albania. The Pannonian Basin is situated within the Alpine, Carpathian, and Dinaric mountain belts at the boundary between Central and Southeastern Europe. The paper describes the general geological and geomorphological conditions in the Dinarides and the European Pannonian Basin in Croatia and BIH that are preparatory causal factors for landslides in the following environments: the hills of the Istrian Peninsula and Rječina River Valley; hills, low- and mid-altitude mountains in the Dinarides; and lowlands and hills in the Pannonian Basin. Landslide types, dimensions, and activities in the described areas are related to natural conditions primarily influenced by tectonic evolution and by recent anthropogenic processes, e.g., urbanization. More detailed descriptions are provided for the following selected phenomena, which are interesting because of the associated damage and potential risk: translational block landslide Brus and erosion phenomena on the Istrian Penninsula; relict and historical large, deep-seated landslides in the Rječina River Valley, including the recently reactivated Grohovo and Valići Landslides; catastrophic landslides triggered by precipitation during Cyclone Tamara in BIH (2014) (the Mačkovac-Šerići Landslide, Mjestova Ravan Landslide, Kosova Landslide, and Lukavica Landslide); and a large, deep-seated landslide in urban area of Zagreb, the Kostanjek Landslide. Recent rainfall triggering conditions of landslides in Croatia (2013) and BIH (2014) are also specified to emphasize the landslide risk and necessity of landslide risk management. The conclusions of the paper also note historical and potential damage due to landslide reactivations together with the spatial distribution of landslide-prone areas, which requires landslide mapping in the form of landslide inventory, susceptibility, hazard, and risk maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, Irma and Maria highlighted the vulnerability of small islands to cyclonic events and the necessity of advancing the forecast techniques for cyclone-induced marine flooding. In this context, this paper presents a generic approach to deriving time-varying inundation forecasts from ensemble track and intensity forecasts applied to the case of Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean. The challenge for volcanic islands is to account for the full complexity of wave overtopping processes while also ensuring a robustness and timeliness that are compatible with emergency requirements. The challenge is addressed by following a hybrid approach relying on the combination of process-based models with a statistical model (herein, a random-forest classifier) trained with a precalculated database. The latter enables one to translate any time series of coastal marine conditions into the time-varying probability of inundation for different sectors. The application detailed for the case of Cyclone Dumile at Sainte-Suzanne city shows that the proposed approach enables quick discrimination, in both space and time, thereby identifying safe and exposed areas and demonstrating that probabilistic forecasting of marine flooding by overtopping is feasible. The whole method can be easily adapted to other territories and scales provided that validated process-based models are available. Beyond early warning applications, the developed database and statistical models may also be used for informing risk prevention and adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of increasing cyclonic activity in the Indian Ocean, nations in southern Africa should prepare well for flood-related disasters. This paper critically examined the level of preparedness of the government of Zimbabwe to cyclonic disasters using the country's three most disastrous cyclones during the past two decades: (a) Cyclone Eline of 2000, (b) Cyclone Dineo of 2017 and (c) Cyclone Idai of 2019. In-depth qualitative interviews, post-disaster lessons learned workshops and a review of disaster policies provided data on five key preparedness measures: (a) prepositioning of resources, (b) early warnings, (c) evacuation, (d) citizen participation and (e) effective response. The findings demonstrate that the government of Zimbabwe remains in the disaster-response-disaster cycle instead of a proactive preventive approach to cyclones. Limited financial and material resources constrain effective preparedness to disasters. These problems stem from a weak legislation governing disaster risk reduction. This study therefore proposes five-policy implications for effective disaster preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to heightened intensity and frequency of extreme climatic events coupled with higher vulnerability of population has pushed up the disaster risk graph in developing nations. The area under study, India's eastern coast, is particularly susceptible to cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal. This paper is aimed at identifying perceptions of impacts and preparedness levels of coastal and inland fishermen, the inhabitants of the Ganjam and Puri districts in the eastern coast of India with the aid of fuzzy cognitive maps. Based on communities' perceptions, we have attempted to capture both the economic impacts (losses and damages) wreaked by cyclones as well as the ecological and social impacts in a bid to unearth options for policy makers and planners to be used for bolstering disaster preparedness. The paper also aims at evaluating the effectiveness of current preparedness measures in the context of climate change by deploying various fuzzy cognitive mapping simulation-based preparedness pathways. On the methodological front, our findings confirm that FCM simulations developed through modified activation rule with a hyperbolic transformation function give better results compared to other methods. The findings reveal that none of the preparedness pathways with current preparedness measures is adequate in terms of providing resilience against cyclonic risks. Hence, in order to increase communities' resilience against cyclones, there is a need for new sets of impact-specific preparedness measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters resulting from climate change are shown to be important determinants of people's life choice decisions. In the literature, travel behavior choice and life choices are usually addressed separately under disasters such as flood and cyclone. However, travel behavior may be interdependent with other life choices, jointly shaping people's adaptation decisions. To this end, the paper advances the literature by exploring the interrelationship between changes in travel behavior and job and residential location under flood disasters, while separating coastal and inland observations. For this purpose, a stated preference survey was conducted in 14 cities of Bangladesh in early 2013. An analysis approach based on structural equation modeling was developed to investigate the correlations between travel behavior change and job and residential location changes. Model estimation results suggest that flood impacts have significant influences on inland people's life choices, while coastal people's life choices are mainly affected by flood adaptation responses and attitudes. Significant correlations between travel behavior change and job and residential location changes are found for both observations. Moreover, both coastal and inland people tend not to change residential locations if changes in job location and travel behavior are made. Inland people may not change travel behavior if their job and/or residential locations are changed, but coastal people's job and residential location changes are associated with changes in travel behavior. Travel behavior change is found to have more of an effect on residential location change than job location change in both regions. These findings conclude that the two-way relationship between travel behavior and life choices should be taken into account in future analyses, and thus adaptation policies to climate change disasters could be better linked with people's behavioral responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation is conducted to study the uncertainty in the cyclonic ocean wind speed (CWS) of Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) satellites over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). For the completion of the assessment, the comparison of CYGNSS wind speed during normal ocean conditions is also carried out with respect to buoy and advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) data. The de-collocation effect is also studied using the India Meteorological Department's (IMD) data. The sensitivity of the uncertainty in CWS is evaluated through the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) data. It has been found that the CYGNSS CWS underestimates for CWS > 35.0 m/s. The study shows that the uncertainty for the CWS > 35.0 m/s is dependent on the incidence angle. Therefore, a new incidence angle-based Geophysical Model Function (IGMF) is proposed for CWS. The IMD and SMAP data for the cyclones of the year 2018–2019 have been used for validation of the CWS derived from IGMF. An extremely severe cyclone Fani is analysed in detail. The IGMF reduces the mean error from 1.77 to –0.001 m/s with respect to SMAP for Fani. Overall, the improvement in root mean square difference (RMSD) and the mean error with IGMF are 16.11% and 44.39%, respectively, over CYGNSS for CWS > 35.0 m/s. The maximum CWS from CYGNSS, IGMF, and IMD is 38.8, 52.07, and 54.97 m/s, respectively, for the Bay of Bengal. It can be concluded that IGMF provides better CWS than the CYGNSS CWS. Research highlights: The uncertainty of the CYGNSS Cyclonic Ocean Wind Speed (CWS) is investigated over the North Indian Ocean for the years 2018-2019. The Geo-shifting process with the collocation is included to reduce the collocation error due to the cyclone translational speed. The CYGNSS CWS shows significant under-estimation for the wind speed >35 m/s with the SMAP and the IMD data. A new Incidence angle-based Geo-physical Model Function (IGMF) is developed to improve the bias in the CWS. The IGMF model has better agreement with both SMAP and IMD data than CYGNSS CWS over the NIO region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed at to explore the consequences of cyclone victims due to unavailability of infrastructural supports and to prop up the recognition that the infrastructure has a vital role to play in societies' resilience during catastrophic situation. The paper begins with a review of the science regarding climate change impact and cyclone disaster in Bangladesh. It emphasizes the consequences of cyclone Aila in a selected coastal community in the remote coastal area. A field survey was conducted by authors during March-August 2009. Eight available infrastructures were selected for this analysis. Uniformity of distribution (R), demand index (Di) and degree of demand (DD) of the selected infrastructures were calculated by using nearest neighbourhood methods of analysis. Results show that based on its specific planning standards none of the selected infrastructure can support 50% of the total population. Accordingly, it was observed that 76% respondent could not reach in safer place due to rush of water intrusion and also because of the inundation of road-network. The nearness to the available cyclone shelter, and place of taking shelter during cyclone is positively correlated ( r = 0.38; p < 0.001). However, the poor people had less opportunity to take shelter in cyclone shelters, although none of the respondents groups whose monthly income is above 75 USD stands without any infrastructural support. Such important observation may hint the influence of local elites on the local disaster mitigation planning practice in Bangladesh. Almost 90% of the respondents claimed that they had no access to enter the available cyclone shelter. Furthermore, the damaged infrastructures added more hindrances during post disaster activities and also increased the sufferings of the victims. If there were adequate cyclone shelters or rehabilitation centre, the affected people could take shelter and continue other works temporarily. Results drawn from this research will be useful for local and national level planners, as well as international donors for future disaster mitigation planning in the studied area and the methodology can be applied in similar countries and geographical territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recently, a high resolution atmospheric general circulation model, i.e., Global Forecast System has been operationalized for 10 days weather forecast over Indian region. However, for extreme weather systems such as cyclones, different physical processes and their interactions with atmosphere and ocean play an important role in cyclone intensity, track, etc. Keeping this in view, Coupled Forecast System model version 2 has been used to evaluate the simulation for three severe cyclones (Phailin, Viyaru and Lehar) of 2013. In the present study, along with already existing mass-flux cumulus parameterization, i.e., Simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) and revised SAS (RSAS) parameterization schemes, an additional convective adjustment scheme, i.e., Betts–Miller–Janjic (BMJ) is implemented and its performance is evaluated for the Indian Ocean cyclones. The experiments are conducted with three cumulus schemes at three different resolutions (T126, T382, and T574). Both SAS and RSAS overestimate convective rain, whereas BMJ scheme produces convective rain comparable with the observation due to the fact that BMJ produces deeper convection and does not trigger the convection too often. BMJ sustains the instability and deep convection longer thereby impacting the cyclone intensity and heavy rainfall associated with it. It is also noted that BMJ is efficient in producing rain than the SAS and RSAS. From the analyses of OLR and rain rate, BMJ is found to simulate a much realistic relation of cloud and precipitation. The paper argues that compared to available SAS and RSAS, BMJ scheme realistically produces heavy precipitation associated with the tropical cyclone over Indian region in a coupled model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys the current state of knowledge regarding large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) associated with short-duration (less than 1 week) extreme precipitation events over North America. In contrast to teleconnections, which are typically defined based on the characteristic spatial variations of a meteorological field or on the remote circulation response to a known forcing, LSMPs are defined relative to the occurrence of a specific phenomenon—here, extreme precipitation—and with an emphasis on the synoptic scales that have a primary influence in individual events, have medium-range weather predictability, and are well-resolved in both weather and climate models. For the LSMP relationship with extreme precipitation, we consider the previous literature with respect to definitions and data, dynamical mechanisms, model representation, and climate change trends. There is considerable uncertainty in identifying extremes based on existing observational precipitation data and some limitations in analyzing the associated LSMPs in reanalysis data. Many different definitions of "extreme" are in use, making it difficult to directly compare different studies. Dynamically, several types of meteorological systems—extratropical cyclones, tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective systems, and mesohighs—and several mechanisms—fronts, atmospheric rivers, and orographic ascent—have been shown to be important aspects of extreme precipitation LSMPs. The extreme precipitation is often realized through mesoscale processes organized, enhanced, or triggered by the LSMP. Understanding of model representation, trends, and projections for LSMPs is at an early stage, although some promising analysis techniques have been identified and the LSMP perspective is useful for evaluating the model dynamics associated with extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cut-off Low (COLs) are often associated with heavy precipitation and strong wind events, but there are still uncertainties on how their identification affect the numbers and seasonality. This paper aims to determine the sensitivity of identifying Southern Hemisphere COLs in the ERA-Interim reanalysis to different types of identification criteria. Upper-level cyclones are initially tracked on the 300 hPa level using relative vorticity and geopotential in order to present different perspectives. This reveals significant differences between the numbers and length of the identified tracks for the two fields. To identify the COLs different post-tracking filters are applied which are divided into two steps. Firstly, three filters are considered to separate cut-off lows from open troughs by sampling winds at different offset radial distances from the upper-level cyclonic centres. Secondly, potential vorticity and temperature criteria are imposed to determine how these conditions affect the identified COLs in terms of numbers, seasonality and intensity. It was found that methods based on multiple criteria restrict the COL identification by imposing specific characteristics, while methods based on simpler schemes (e.g. using only winds) can detect larger samples of COLs observed visually in the geopotential maps. Although it is difficult to say which method is more accurate in identifying COLs, because of the subjective aspect of observer's assessment, a scheme using only winds should be more representative of reality as this simply imposes on the detection system a cyclonic circulation appearance regardless of the physical and dynamical characteristics. Therefore, this type of method could be considered as a standard method for identifying COLs that can be used for either operational or research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important goal of vulnerability assessment is to create an index of overall vulnerability from a suite of indicators. Constructing a vulnerability index raises several problems in the aggregation of these indicators, including the decision of assigning weights to them. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method of aggregating vulnerability indicators that results in a composite index of vulnerability, but that avoids the problems associated with assigning weights. The investigators apply a technique based on Pareto ranking to a complex, developed socioeconomic landscape exposed to storm surges associated with hurricanes. Indicators of social vulnerability to this hazard are developed and a principal components analysis is performed on proxies for these indicators. Overall social vulnerability is calculated by applying Pareto ranking to these principal components. The paper concludes that it is possible to construct an effective index of vulnerability without weighting the individual vulnerability indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimension gas-particle flow in a spiral cyclone is simulated numerically in this paper. The gas flow field was obtained by solving the three-dimension Navier-Stokes equations with Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). It is shown that there are two regions in the cyclone, the steadily tangential flow in the spiral channel and the combined vortex flow in the centre. Numerical results for particles trajectories show that the initial position of the particle at the inlet plane substantially affects its trajectory in the cyclone. The particle collection efficiency curves at different inlet velocities were obtained and the effects of inlet flow rate on the performance of the spiral cyclone were presented. Numerical results also show that the increase of flow rate leads to the increase of particles collection efficiency, but the pressure drop increases sharply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of studying the conversion of various types of energy, taking into account the formation and dissipation of a warm core in the central part of cyclones. The contribution of energy types (kinetic, potential, and internal) and their impact on the intensity of the cyclone development were also assessed by the example of the evolution of a mesocyclone. The mesocyclone was generated on the periphery of the main subtropical cyclone in January 2016 over the Sea of Japan and caused heavy precipitation and strong winds on the southern coast of the Primorsky krai. It is shown for each of the two analyzed cyclones that the stage of their deepening is accompanied by the formation of the warm core with a simultaneous decrease in the bulk values of all potential energy indicators for the vortex in the central region. At the stage of dissipation of the warm core, the values of all potential energy indicators increase. A change in water vapor reserves in the central part of both cyclones is similar to a change in internal energy, which is associated with the transformation of water vapor in the atmosphere (forced and free convection). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous disasters over the past several years have revealed the differential impacts due to social structure, economic conditions and level of infrastructure. This study investigates the vulnerability of eastern coastal states of India from potential cyclones. In this regard, a method is proposed for quantifying the socio-economic and infrastructural vulnerability to potential cyclone in the districts of the eastern coastal states. The variables included in the study are extracted from Census of India (2011) at district level administrative unit. In the analysis, a large number of variables are reduced to a smaller number of factors by using factor analysis, specifically principal component analysis that represents the socioeconomic and infrastructural vulnerability to potential cyclone. Subsequently, the factor scores have been mapped for spatial analysis using Jenk's natural break technique. Utilizing socioeconomic and infrastructural vulnerability indices, the highly vulnerable districts are demonstrated, which are expected to face substantial amount of challenges in coping with cyclones. The highly vulnerable districts require strategies to address the various aspects of socioeconomic and infrastructural vulnerability. The indices and maps produced in this paper could not only be incorporated for multi-level governance but also to integrate it with the real-time weather forecasts to identify the predictive areas of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of joint analysis of the response of vertical temperature and current velocity profile distributions in the coastal zone of the Gelendzhik region of the Black Sea to strong wind forcing in the third ten-day period of September 2013. This forcing was caused by the propagation of an atmospheric cyclone, which first initiated coastal upwelling that was later replaced by downwelling. We formulate a criterion for the development of full coastal upwelling and demonstrate its efficiency. We assume that frequent events of incomplete coastal upwelling and downwelling are associated with changes in the water dynamics (variations in the intensity and direction of the alongshore current) generally not related to local wind forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting and interpreting long-term changes in typhoon translation speed in observations remains challenging, contrasting with increased confidence in the poleward migration of typhoons. Here, I show a significant relationship between the basin-wide translation speed and the latitudinal position of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific over 1980–2023. First, because tropical cyclones move faster at higher latitudes, the significant poleward migration (80 km/decade) increases the yearly basin-wide translation speed by 5% over the period. This effect reduces the detectability of a slowing trend. Second, the basin-wide translation speed solely contributed by regional translation speed has slowed by 18%, mostly in the late stage of the cyclone lifecycle. The translation speed slowdown and the poleward migration are likely caused by the same climate drivers through the interconnected large-scale atmospheric circulation between the tropics and subtropics. My findings suggest exacerbated tropical cyclone-related risk in the subtropical regions in a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile ecosystems are complex productive realities, in the eye of the cyclone when it comes sustainability-related analysis. Being characterised by very complex value-chains and interconnection of productive actors, textiles production and use represent one of the most crucial challenges for the circular and sustainable transition. Their deployment is esteemed to be in growing for the next years, therefore reflections on how to improve product and materials circularity in this sector is of increasing interest in research and industrial practice. In this contribution, authors will try to map the material properties that can influence textiles application in the fashion sector, focusing on the coupling of material selection activity and application of design strategies to anticipate at best the reflections upon textiles use and recirculation. Results of this activity are then shown and discussed to question the applicability of the reported data into a fashion design activity, to promote awareness and critical reflections upon materials use while designing new fashion goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tropical regions such as Nicaragua, the population's vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in Nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over Nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting Nicaragua's coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, Nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each Nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resettlement and relocation are among the most difficult policies to put into practice, but they may be the best ways to minimize future risks to settlements exposed to natural hazards both before and after disaster events. As climate-related disasters and forced migration become increasingly common worldwide, governments, humanitarian or development actors, and policymakers must now prioritize the implementation of a dignified and effective resettlement program as part of their planning and management responsibilities. Much of this effectiveness depends on the stakeholders and beneficiaries' understanding and knowledge of the different resettlement phases, culture and customs of affected populations, activities, and the associated implementation challenges, costs, and benefits. Serious games are used in a variety of contexts to increase awareness, train and build capacity in stakeholders and beneficiaries. This article presents a serious game developed to educate practitioners, local agencies, students, and the public to understand the complexities and challenges involved in a successful resettlement. The game is based on a real proposed resettlement project initiated in the Chiradzulu District in southern Malawi after Cyclone Freddy in March 2023, which caused widespread flooding and landslides, forcing some villages to relocate permanently. The progression in the Road to Resettlement Game consists of six primary levels: land and site preparation, housing and livelihood, water, sanitation, and hygiene, health, education, and protection. These levels are meant to be completed in a sequence that adheres to the principles of resettlement. By engaging in the serious table-top board game, players gain an understanding of the resettlement activities, their sequence, and the associated practical (technical and social) and financial challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the gender aspects of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) situation in post-cyclone Aila period in Bangladesh. Data were collected using participatory approaches like individual interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion and field level observation. Study reveals that after Aila, women had to travel 500 m–2 km per day to fetch water from safe water sources spending 30–90 min. People used pit and hanging latrines, uncovered water framed latrines as well as had open defecation. Considering the impromptu needs, government and other aid-giving agencies focused on immediate WaSH programme. The paper is an outcome of a critical assessment of those arduous efforts made to overcome the WaSH challenges after Aila, particularly women's role in and challenges faced by them to improving the situation. Also attempt has been made to examine the opportunities and challenges of sustainability of WaSH programme pursued in the post-disaster period. For recovery of the WaSH system, a two-part strategy was followed where one was to make technology (tubewell, pond and filter, saline purification and rainwater harvesting plants) that supporting social arrangement and another was social arrangement (group formation, capacity building on construction, operation and maintenance) that supporting technology. A techno-social contingent model has been followed for addressing the post-disaster WaSH situation following a WasH approach. Women's these roles in meeting the households' WaSH requirements might be called WaSH-feminism. The main finding is that although there was a technical challenge to overcome the water and sanitation crises, after the disaster a set of appropriate technologies could remove it considerably, but a corresponding social arrangement was required there to operate it. Many kinds of technical and social limiting factors were there for women that could be removed partly but not totally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]