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It is important to evaluate the performance of industries in a growing economy like India through responsible resource use assessments. The article estimates ecological footprint (EF) to communicate the environmental effects of a paperboard and paper production unit in India based on information collected through face-to-face interview method. EF has been calculated by adopting component or bottom-up approach taking into consideration all the components of EF (land, energy, freight and employees transport, water, materials and wastes). Results show that the total EF for production and allied activities of the case study unit varies between 5,62,845 and 2,15,564 ha and EF per tonne of production varying between 23.61 and 9.03 ha. This is based on the production of 23,828 Mt of output of specialty and tissues paper, and the variation occurs due to higher and lower conversion factor for materials and water. The hotspots of EF are energy, materials and wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papers that have received 1,000 or more citations, referred to as champion works here, pertaining to China and India have been studied. China had its first champion work 4 years after India had its in 1983. While India was ahead of China in the initial years, China increased its tally of champion works during 2001-2010 and has raced ahead of India during that decade. All the champion works of both the countries have been published in foreign journals except for the one Indian paper that has been published in an Indian journal. Most champion works of India have been in physics whereas it has been in biological/biomedical sciences for China. USA, Japan, Germany, England and France are some of the leading countries that India and China have collaborated with for their champion works. Leading institutions of both countries are also listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to examine India's orthopaedic research output during 2002-2021 to analyze the research characteristics and publication performances of leading organizations, authors, and cities, the core journals publishing research, broad subject areas, sub-specialties, and the classification by anatomical location, the subject areas of research using major keywords and the sources of funding and the extent of international collaboration.Methods: India's orthopaedic publications data was identified and downloaded from the Scopus database ( https://www.scopus.com ) using a well-defined search strategy and keywords.Results: India's 4606 publications grew at a 20.8% annual growth rate and averaged 11.3 citations per paper. The 10.4% and 16.3% share of India's papers received external funded support and were involved in international collaboration. The USA and UK (31.8% and 21.3%) represent the highest collaborative share in India's international collaborative publications. AIIMS-New Delhi and PGIMER-Chandigarh produced a larger proportion of articles (5.2% and 4.3%) among contributing organizations. In terms of authors, R. Vaishya and S. Rajasekaran are the most productive ones, contributing 1.6% and 1.1% share respectively. Clinical studies, paediatric sub-specialty, and knee & leg anatomical location accounted for the largest share of papers (32.2%, 10.8%, and 7.5%).The most frequent keywords co-occurrences were "Orthopaedic Surgery," "Hydroxyapatite," "Biocompatibility," "Orthopaedic Procedures," "Bone," "Surgical Techniques," "Biomaterials," and "Osteosynthesis."Conclusion: This study revealed the characteristics and trends of research and core publications from Indian authors and organizations identified in the last two decades. This research should provide useful insights into the research hotspots of India in the present, past, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical research is challenging when studying informal spaces like urban slums, where extant scholarship is limited, government data are sparse or absent, and populations change rapidly due to eviction, environmental shocks, and the everyday churn of migration. Moreover, written materials and political ephemera generated within slums are rarely preserved in accessible state archives, limiting the usefulness of conventional archival research. In such contexts, the discovery of informal archives—unmapped, non-systematized collections of materials kept by individuals and groups in the spaces under study—can contribute to the reconstruction of local histories. This article draws on 20 months of fieldwork in India’s urban slums to offer insights on the collection and use of informal archival materials. These materials afford an intimate look at how the urban poor organize and make claims on the state. Their analysis, however, involves inferential challenges. Researchers must consider how processes of production, preservation, and provision shape the content of gathered historical materials and thus the inferences that can be drawn from them. Beyond urban slums, informal archives are likely to be useful sources of historical data for a range of studies in comparative politics, especially those that focus on informal institutions and local quotidian politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial sector is the largest user of energy in India and many parts of the world. More than half of the total energy is used in industries to operate various energy-using machineries. Energy conservation is a cost-effective approach in any energy optimization program that can be implemented in industrial activities. Energy-intensive industries in developing economies offer significant energy-saving potential owing to the technology gap as well as lower operating efficiency. A detailed energy flow analysis was conducted in a paper carton manufacturing unit in India to quantify the energy-saving potential. The study revealed that the compressed air leakage is responsible for about 50% of the total energy loss. The specific electrical and thermal energy consumption was estimated and found to be 91.85 kWh/ton and 1,619 MJ/ton of biomass, respectively. Annual energy saving potential was found to be 5.9% of the total annual energy consumption. The cost of DG power is found to be 389% higher than the grid power. The share of self-generated DG power is estimated to be 41% of the total power consumed. Electrical energy intensity of the plant could be reduced by 6.36% implementing energy conservation measures proposed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, several studies have noted adaptation measures undertaken by farmers in India to mitigate potential crop loss, however, there is limited studies with reference to systematically review these papers. The mapping of these measures is imperative as it furnishes evidence for opted adaptation options and states. Further, it assists to design state-specific policies to achieve goals of sustainable and climate-smart agriculture, and maintain food security. This study aims to do it by limiting India as the boundary of analysis. Adopting a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, a total of 44 studies were identified. Our major findings are: (i) evidence is found for eighteen states, and these studies, either individually or in sum, represent negligible percentage of state's total number of villages and households, and hence, findings may not stand for the whole state; (ii) a major focus so far has been given to farm management and technology; (iii) state-wise mapping indicates scanty of papers among options, and thus, we urge for studies with representative sample, either for state or nation, and also map several adaptation mechanisms rather than concentrating around farm-management and technology; and (iv) the widely studied options are water management (55%), crop-diversification (52%), crop choice (50%), diversification of livelihood and income (43%), altering agricultural practices/systems (36%), and changing crop-calendar and land holiday (34%). Such type of assessment supplies state-specific maps on studied adaptation mechanisms, and in doing so, it renders future direction in the field of adaptation research, and hence, we advocate to carry out systematic reviews for other vulnerable sectors to climate change in India and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While promoting manufacturing growth is imperative to boost economic growth, potential adverse consequences on natural resources and ecology have created sustainability-related concerns and challenges. In India, with the reform processes deepening further and the business environment becoming more market-oriented over the years, the adoption of appropriate measures for sustainable manufacturing growth under such conditions would require a deeper investigation of the underlying dynamics, particularly to address the impacts of external shocks. This is especially true when external shocks alter market dynamics and, hence, input is used significantly in the manufacturing sector. Given this backdrop, the present paper examines how the major external shocks to the Indian economy during in the post-reform era have altered the resource use patterns in selected manufacturing industries. The paper uses secondary data collected from the KLEMS database of the Reserve Bank of India for the period from 1980–81 to 2019–20 and applies descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to address the research objective. It is found that energy intensity, vertical integration, capital intensity, and rate of growth of total factor productivity decreased over the decades, whereas labour productivity experienced an increasing trend in most industries. However, the trends are mixed in the case of material intensity. Further, the regression results indicate significant effects of external shocks on resource use, factor productivity, and structural changes. There are also industry-specific differences in the nature and extent of such changes. Hence, a deeper investigation of the underlying factors and impacts at a disaggregate industry level is necessary to draw more robust insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at contestations over space in peri-urban India. It studies the acrimonious responses in defense of a local marketplace that occupied public land against the sovereign project of highway expansion in peri-urban West Bengal. It posits an opposition between two aspects of state governance-rational-legal and magical-that shape the contentions. In the rational-legal mode, the expansion of the highways represents the official development goals of progress. The magical aspects of the state engender the circulation of officially approved illegal chits that give occupying migrant villagers' claim to the space around the highway. The ethnography looks at the affective economy of illegal chits that political parties and local bureaucracies use to bring migrating villagers within their ambit. It explores how illegal chits embody the state's legible presence in the villagers' everyday lives, their kinnetworks, communities and transform individual affective orientations toward space. In these new modes of simultaneous 'space' and 'place' making, public land is understood less as commons, but more as a stretch that could be divided among individuals and households aspiring to be 'developed' or upwardly mobile by excluding others. The essay contends that emergence of the 'right to the city' as a collective right requires a double-edged critique. A simple celebration of the subversive potential of the magical aspect of the state vis-à-vis its rational-legal mode may not be helpful for a politics of value that seeks to challenge the idea of value (or what makes life worth living) embedded in the wider neoliberal development discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical progress has a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by reducing energy consumption, a major concern across production units. However, the existing empirical literature concerning technical efficiency and carbon intensity is scanty. Thus, this paper examines the relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity for the organized manufacturing sector of two states, Maharashtra and Odisha, and the all-India level from 2001 to 2018. The paper uses data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores. It applies the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 methodology for estimating carbon intensity for each 3-digit manufacturing industry in all three sample cases. The study has used static panel regression and fractional logit regression techniques to examine the deterministic relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity. The result shows that technical efficiency is highly sensitive to carbon intensity in the Indian manufacturing industries. The findings also addressed that the size of the industries also reduces the technical performance of manufacturing units. This paper also confirmed that increased profit could boost the Indian manufacturing industries' technical efficiency. Thus, this study addresses that carbon intensity as a proxy for the manufacturing sector's potential to affect climate change plays a crucial role in explaining the technical efficiency variations across industries. Thus, it calls for better policies aimed at reducing the emissions of industries specifically to achieve sustainable growth for the Indian manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating and quantifying the scientific output of a researcher is a complex problem that may not benefit from standardized or uniformly accepted solutions. Over the past few decades, various indices, including the most popular h-index, have been introduced for assessing the output and quality of research publications. The uniform application of a single index to researchers with varying age, tenure, gender, economies, funding opportunities, nature of tasks performed, etc., can introduce significant bias, eventually leading to inappropriate assessment results for promotion and tenure. Further, no indices explicitly account for the time spent on teaching-related tasks, advising students for their projects not necessarily resulting in publications, and administration work leading to a situation that favors colleagues who are focused only on research. A new metric, called GG-index, for internal use by institutions of higher education, is proposed to evaluate researchers who have spent a minimum of five continuous years at the academic/research institution. This GG-index is calculated from the h-index, the logarithm of the scientific tenure, citations/paper over the recent 5-year period, and a correction factor that considers the relative dedication to research and the researcher's field. A survey was conducted of some top researchers in various fields, and their publication parameters and responses are used to illustrate the robustness and characteristics of the GG-index. We further demonstrate how the GG-index complements the h-index and helps mitigate the bias against researchers with long-term breaks for maternity, childcare, and other personal reasons. Further, young researchers with good recent publication impact (reflected by high citations per paper) and those working in fields with low citations would also be benefited. It is, however, to be noted that the GG index strongly relies on data available with the institutions, thus making it suitable for the internal assessment of faculty/researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public disclosure programs that collect and disseminate information about firms' environmental performance are increasingly popular in both developed and developing countries. Yet little is known about whether they actually improve environmental performance, particularly in the latter setting. We use detailed plant-level survey data to evaluate the impact of India's Green Rating Project (GRP) on the environmental performance of the country's largest pulp and paper plants. We find that the GRP drove significant reductions in pollution loadings among dirty plants but not among cleaner ones. This result comports with statistical and anecdotal evaluations of similar disclosure programs. We also find that plants located in wealthier communities were more responsive to GRP ratings, as were single-plant firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examines the effect of domestic monetary policy shock on external commercial borrowings (ECBs) to India for the period 2000:Q2 to 2019:Q4. The impact of domestic monetary policy shock on ECBs is assessed using two variables: interest rate differential and domestic money supply growth. The paper employs a structural VAR model and utilizes impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition analysis to derive empirical results. The empirical results based on impulse response functions indicate that the interest rate differential has a positively significant effect on external commercial borrowings to India, while the effect of domestic money supply growth is found to be negative. The forecast error variance decomposition analysis indicates that the interest rate differential explains about 14.6% and domestic money supply growth explains about 2% of the total variation in external commercial borrowings, implying that domestic monetary policy variables together explain about 16.6% of the total variation in ECBs to India. The results suggest that the central bank, through monetary policy interventions, can influence and manage the flow of external commercial borrowings to India. Furthermore, the study finds that the exchange rate, domestic industrial activity, domestic output growth, domestic country's creditworthiness, and domestic macroeconomic instability are other significant determinants of external commercial borrowings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All over the world, waste and its disposal are becoming a more prominent issue, as landfills swell up and growing evidence points to its contribution to climate change and environmental degradation. In the developing world, waste pickers sort through solid waste and sell it to vendors, who will recycle the product into something consumable. The work they do is vital to climate change mitigation, as well as urban cleanliness. In a way, waste pickers, especially in India, are vehicles of environmental justice, but they are often discriminated against and subjected to inhumane working conditions. In this environment, the pandemic hit, making waste pickers' already precarious life even worse. This paper attempts to fill the gap in the academic literature by compiling a systemized literature review of the impacts of COVID-19 on waste-pickers' lives using an environmental justice perspective. The review also uses a Feminist Political Ecology perspective to illuminate the double jeopardy that female waste pickers face in the era of COVID-19, which academia often ignores. Ultimately, this paper shows that COVID-19 exacerbated the preexisting injustices that the waste picker community face and created an immense burden on women. This paper will show that it is important to notice the differentiation between female and male waste picker challenges, especially at the crux of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper has important policy implications as well as research considerations for both environmental justice and feminist political ecology scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of 9,957 papers published by Indian scientists and indexed by WoS in 12 sub-disciplines of life sciences during 2008-2009 indicates that academic institutions produced the highest number of papers. Of these, 340 (3.4 %) were contributed by female scientists exclusively and 4,671 (47 %) were written jointly by male and female scientists. Women scientists produced about 0.36 papers per author, while their male counter parts produced 0.50 papers per author. Significant number of women scientists was first author and about 23 % were corresponding authors in papers written jointly by both sexes. Women scientists emphasized on the sub-discipline of cell biology and reproductive biology and male scientists emphasized on the sub-discipline of zoology. Women scientists work in small teams and have very less international collaborative papers. Women scientists publish in low impact factor and domestic journals and also are cited less as compared to their male counter parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scenario of developed and developing countries nowadays is disturbed due to modern living style which affects environment, wildlife and natural habitat. Environmental quality has become or is a subject of major concern as it is responsible for health hazard of mankind and animals. Measurements and prediction of hazardous parameters in different fields of environment is a recent research topic for safety and betterment of people as well as nature. Pollution in nature is an after-effect of civilization. To combat the damage already happened, some processes should be evolved for measurement and prediction of pollution in various fields. Researchers of all over the world are active to find out ways of predicting such hazard. In this paper, application of neural network and deep learning algorithms is chosen for air pollution and water pollution cases. The purpose of this review is to reveal how family of neural network algorithms has applied on these two pollution parameters. In this paper, importance is given on algorithm, and datasets used for air and water pollution as well as the predicted parameters have also been noted for ease of future development. One major concern of this paper is Indian context of air and water pollution research, and the research potential presents in this area using Indian dataset. Another aspect for including both air and water pollutions in one review paper is to generate an idea of artificial neural network and deep learning techniques which can be cross applicable for future purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) is virtually nonexistent in India. Suboptimally organized prehospital services substantially hinder the evaluation, management, and subsequent transport of the acutely ill and/or injured child to an appropriate facility. Furthermore, the management of the ill child at the hospital level is often provided by overburdened providers who, by virtue of their training, lack experience in the skills required to effectively manage pediatric emergencies. Finally, the care of the traumatized child often requires the involvement of providers trained in different specialities, which further impedes timely access to appropriate care. The recent recognition of Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Emergency Medicine (EM) as an approved discipline of study as per the Indian Medical Council Act provides an unprecedented opportunity to introduce PEM as a formal academic program in India. PEM has to be developed as a 3- year superspeciality course (in PEM) after completion of MD/Diplomate of National Board (DNB) Pediatrics or MD/DNB in EM. The National Board of Examinations (NBE) that accredits and administers postgraduate and postdoctoral programs in India also needs to develop an academic program-DNB in PEM. The goals of such a program would be to impart theoretical knowledge, training in the appropriate skills and procedures, development of communication and counseling techniques, and research. In this paper, the Joint Working Group of the Academic College of Emergency Experts in India (JWG-ACEE-India) gives its recommendations for starting 3-year DM/DNB in PEM, including the curriculum, infrastructure, staffing, and training in India. This is an attempt to provide an uniform framework and a set of guiding principles to start PEM as a structured superspeciality to enhance emergency care for Indian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the infusion of information and communications technology (ICT) in legal domain, of late, the attempts of reforming the judicial landscape have been forthcoming. In this vein, the paper seeks to present the possibility of harnessing natural language processing (NLP) for instituting legal automated (teller) machines (LAMs) in India as an innovative application of legal informatics in a developing country. Literature on legal informatics with a focus on NLP is scanned to drive home the key argument in the paper. Institutionalization of LAMs in a developing country like India would go a long way in expediting the automated judicial arbitration system apart from providing easier and accessible alternatives to the aggrieved parties. However, it is important that the required political will and sustained leadership is there to provide the required wherewithal for the institutionalization of LA(t)Ms in the country. As an innovation in the field of legal informatics, LAM is the first of its kind both in terms of its ideation and in terms of the academic output till date. It is anticipated that academia would be interested to conceive of improvising LAMs in different contexts post-screening of the ecosystemic determinants therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) known as the pulse of economy for any country depends on multiple factors like export–import, inflation rate and unemployment rate etc. Statistical assessment of GDP demands fresh concepts to explain GDP through its covariates in order to improve and strengthen the estimation process. In the present paper, a linear regression model is proposed for modelling GDP of India. Descriptive analysis for the considered data on GDP and its covariates obtained from the World Bank archives is presented through Heatmap. Identification and relevance of the possible set of covariates is established by using step-wise regression (SR). The use of SR reflects its credibility vis-à-vis Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression by registering a decline in Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) from − 18.30 to − 13.63, from a full model to only a few significant factor models. We propose an alternative statistical algorithm implemented under Bayesian paradigm through Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation which bridges the gap of accuracy in estimates as opposed to the frequentist OLS regression for explaining GDP of the country India. Model selection is decided from a battery of normal priors through DIC. Comparison of Bayesian and frequentist modelling results is done using several criteria such as Mean Absolute Deviation, Root Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Percent Error. India is one of the emerging economies, the economy of India is the 5th largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product in the world, and the 3rd largest in the terms of purchasing power parity as recorded by World Bank (2022). GDP of India for 2022 is recorded as $3.38 trillion World Bank (2022) which is in close agreement to GDP of $3.361 trillion predicted by the model proposed in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the relationship between competitivenessand environment-friendly behaviour of producers under an economic liberalisation regime. For that purpose, it employs a probit model and estimates the influence of the prime movers of industrial growth suchas technical change and economies of scale on environmental degradation. The empirical results of the study of pulp and paper industry, identified as one of the most polluting industries in India, indicate that these variables, as the key players of competitiveness improvement, have positive influence on environment-friendly behaviour. Such findings, therefore, fail to provide support to a view that articulates ruthless exploitation of the environment under economic liberalisation programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has a large population with the prevalence of many mental health concerns but faces a shortage of mental health professionals. This paper deals with this mental health crisis in India and how Mental Health First Aid and developing a first aid kit for mental health would help to address the issue. Mental health and mental illness in India additionally face stigma and backlash from the society. Due to this, very few people with mental ailments come forward to seek professional help. While we are aware of and trained in first aid for physical health, the concept of first aid for mental health is in its infancy. Hence, a review of literature was done to find the benefits of Mental Health First Aid and how it could benefit in solving the crisis in India. Creating a Mental Health First Aid Kit on a similar basis to its physical counterpart can also come in handy while administering mental health first aid. Results show that an individual trained in mental health first aid might act as a bridge between people with mental ailments and mental health professionals and assist in providing timely help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining is an important enterprise that will supply essential minerals for the country's infrastructural development. Mining is a key industry and a development engine in the Indian economy. The epidemic has had both immediate and long-term effects on the labour and industries in India. Short-term effects include the cessation of mineral production, salary loss due to absenteeism and pandemic limitations, unemployment, and the selling of minerals on the market. The reputation and economic health of industries, fresh mineral deposit exploration, and new mining complex development have all been impacted in long-term. Aside from the mining industry-specific impact of COVID-19, the social fabric of the mining workers has been impacted since they are living in an environment of fear and uncertainty. This paper attempts to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on extractive industries in India. It also focuses the steps which taken by the Indian government. The paper concluded with the negative effect of COVID-19 which disrupts the mining sector and the contribution declined during COVID-19. However, for instance from mineral rich-Odisha, the mining sector takes up by its growth in post COVID-19 period with remarkable increment from negative growth to high positive rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fuzzy Delphi-ISM approach to determine the enablers and establish a hierarchical relationship of the enablers of the three strategies suggested by National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog and Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) report i.e., cleaner technologies, modal shift, and operational efficiency. The enablers are categorized based on the PETTOHI framework. Twenty enablers each for cleaner technologies and modal shift, and fourteen enablers for operational efficiency, respectively, were shortlisted after the fuzzy defuzzification process using the fuzzy Delphi method. Three hierarchical models were then developed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to identify the interrelationships among the enablers of each strategy. A Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) analysed the enablers based on their driving and dependence powers. ISM model for enablers of cleaner technologies reveals that the policy and organisation related enablers like implementation of BS VI norms, public private sector collaborations are the major enablers. Study on the enablers of modal shift identifies the importance of policy and infrastructure related items. The development of Multi-modal logistic parks, imposition of eco taxes are the driving enablers in this ISM model. Implementation of PM Gati Shakti, development of highways, waterways, freight corridors are the key enablers for improving operational efficiency. Enablers pertaining to policy, organisation, and infrastructure such as imposing eco taxes and infrastructure development are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and the second highest anthropogenic emissions are recorded from CH4 on Earth. Considering its high global warming potential, the monitoring of source locations is inadvertent. The paper presented here is the first attempt (to the best of our knowledge) to comprehensively analyse the methane emissions over multiple Indian locations using satellite data. It outlays a brief background of methane emission sensors and studies carried out worldwide for estimation of the GHG. It further enumerates the potential of Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) in highlighting the potential point sources of methane emissions and its concentration/emission flux in India. 17 unique plumes were identified using EMIT in the states of Maharashtra (06), Rajasthan (04), Punjab (02), Gujarat (03) and Assam (02). Gujarat, Surat, Assam Uttar Pradesh and Haryana using TROPOMI were also studied. The hotspots showcase emission sources from solid waste landfill sites, sewage treatment plants, wetlands/marshy agriculture, city sewage outlets, oil and gas fields, oil refinery and textile industry. It was observed that EMIT can effectively be used for point source identification, monitoring and enhancement while TROPOMI is best suited for regional level methane monitoring. A sewage outlet plume in Maharashtra produced the maximum emission of 6202.9 ± 691.94 kg/hr followed by solid waste (SW) sites located in Pirana Landfill, Ahmedabad and Khajod Landfill, Surat in Gujarat. Methane monitoring is an important step towards mitigating enormous methane emissions and anomalous methane sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India houses the third biggest Muslim population in the world but over the years it has experienced massive segregation of people based on their religious identities. This large-scale forced and systemic 'ghettoization' of Muslims is a recent trend largely ascribed to the frequent communal' violence and state's negligence towards minorities. In this backdrop, the paper discusses the communal ghettoization of Muslims and uses the Juhapura area of Ahmedabad as illustration to explain the same. This study is essentially based on field observations and literature to comprehend communal tone of ghettoization process. Muslims in India are a minority (15 percent of total population) and suffer most in case riots occur. In the last few decades, following the 1985, 1992 and 2002 riots, Gujarat emerged as a hotbed of communal tension, forcing the Muslim population to migrate from their original locations and seek refuge in other parts of the state. Residents of these newly populated ghettos such as Juhapura are forced to endure these conditions due to fear, lack of choice and state apathy. These localities are largely ignored and lack all forms of socio-economic and physical infrastructure for a decent living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to determine the impact of industries such as paper mills and ferro-alloy units and mining of Mn ore deposits on soil and river geochemistry in a monsoon-dominated area on the southwest coast of India. Soils, suspended particulate matter (SPM), andbottom sediments from the Kali River are all enriched with Al, Fe, Ni and Co, but strongly depleted in Na, Ca, K, Mg, Rb and Sr due to intense chemical weathering. However, even in river water the concentrations of dissolved alkaline and alkaline earth elements are low. Manganese, in particular, is anomalously high in bottom sediments and suspended particles by factors of 2.3 to 20.76 in relation to average shale and world river SPM. This enrichment is attributable to mining of Mn ore deposits in the riverdrainage area. The concentration of dissolved Pb, Co and Cd in Kali River water is much higher (by factors of 2 to 13) in comparison to the world's major rivers, implying anthropogenic inputs of these metals through localized discharge of sewage and industrial effluents. Assessment of heavy metal pollution determined by the element enrichment factor (EF) and the index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) suggests that most of the hazardous heavy metals studied are within the background level. However, Al, Fe, Co andNi are enriched due to their immobility during chemical weathering and their adsorption subsequently by Al and Fe oxides. These studies show that, although there are major industries in the study area, their impact is not yet visible due to the large input of pristine sediments from the catchment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We trace the evolution of Indian physics community from 1919 to 2013 by analyzing the co-authorship network constructed from papers published by authors in India in American Physical Society (APS) journals. We make inferences on India's contribution to different branches of Physics and identify the most influential Indian physicists at different time periods. The relative contribution of India to global physics publication (research) and its variation across subfields of physics is assessed. We extract the changing collaboration pattern of authors between Indian physicists through various network measures. We study the evolution of Indian physics communities and trace the mean life and stationarity of communities by size in different APS journals. We map the transition of authors between communities of different sizes from 1970 to 2013, capturing their birth, growth, merger and collapse. We find that Indian-Foreign collaborations are increasing at a faster pace compared to the Indian-Indian. We observe that the degree distribution of Indian collaboration networks follows the power law, with distinct patterns between Physical Review A, B and E, and high energy physics journals Physical Review C and D, and Physical Review Letters. In almost every measure, we observe strong structural differences between low-energy and high-energy physics journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to capture the missing 'distance' puzzle in the globalization process driven by trade flows. It is widely recognized that the growing global economic integration process play a major role in the spatial restructuring of many countries at varying geographical scales. The paper illustrates a model of international trade flows that builds upon existing research on the geographies of global trade. Empirical results of the current study indicate that the basic and augmented gravity model provides a useful framework for understanding international trade. The evidence of map pattern in residuals across temporal scale is noted. The results further indicate the importance of distance in the Indian context. An identification of the patterns and determinants of India's international trade with 87 countries suggests that potentially important differences in regional demands and country specific factors may impact the trade interaction over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of poverty has bothered Indian economists, policymakers, and politicians alike. The rapid economic growth was unable to trickle down to the poorest which has led to the persistence of poverty both in urban and rural India even after 75 years of independence. Keeping this in view this paper has tried to examine the regional variations in the spatial pattern of incidence of urban poverty in India across 17 major states using data from the 28th and 68th NSS rounds. It also attempts to isolate the key determinants responsible for these variations. The objective of this paper is twofold; one is to bring out changes in the pattern of regional variations in urban poverty across 17 major states of India from 1973 to 74 to 2011–12 and the second is to identify the determinants responsible for these variations. The selection of regional units is based on the availability of comparable data as well as on theoretical considerations. For this study, therefore, we have considered each state as a single regional unit as they are home to largely homogeneous populations with common history and language, topography, institutions, and laws and at the same time each state is different from the other on account of unique factors. Therefore, interstate variations in this paper imply regional variations across 17 major Indian states. The results obtained through an instrumental variable estimation suggest that this effect is causal and is largely attributable to the positive spillovers of urbanization on the rural economy rather than to the movement of the rural poor to urban areas. Concerning the growth process, both urban–rural and sectoral (output) growth poverty relationships are suggestive of stronger intersectoral linkages in the economy, whereby growth in one sector transmits its gains elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with an account of the update species list of aphid parasitoids (Aphidiinae: Braconidae) in India with examples of their biocontrol successes. Altogether, 157 aphidiine species under 23 genera are recognized as valid in India. Names of the available host aphids and associated plants are provided in this paper. These aphidiine species attack 180 aphid species infesting 225 plants; however, some of the aphidiines were recorded from sweeping without mentioning any plant hostname. Available data on the distribution of each species in different states and territories of India is also provided. Information on the success stories of biological control of 8 aphidiine species in relation to India, viz., Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Aphidius smithi Sharma and Rao, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki, Binodoxys indicus (Subba Rao and Sharma), Diaereteilla rapae (M'Intosh), Kashmiria aphidis Starý and Bhagat are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to provide an insight on effect of stringency in Covid-19 spread in India especially in Chennai, a city were more lockdown, and restrictions was imposed to control the infection. Even though the restriction was imposed in the country by the end of March 2020, the growth reduction was seen in the mid of June as the awareness was increased. The average Covid-19 case growth was got reduce from 3.43 to 2.62% by July mid. To analysis the impact of stringency, a detailed analysis was done on Chennai city which was imposed with more repeated lockdowns to flatten the curve. We tried to fit a regression line with three difference scenario of data. The results show a promising R-squared and p value, with a right skewed distribution normal probability plot. The impact of lockdown in people's lives in different sectors were also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical anthropologists have not paid enough attention to the variation at the level of the individual practitioners of biomedicine, and anthropological critiques of biomedical psychiatry as it is practiced in settings outside the Global North have tended to depict psychiatrists in monolithic terms. In this article, we attempt to demonstrate that, at least in the case of India, some psychiatrists perceive limitations in the biomedical model and the cultural assumptions behind biomedical practices and ideologies. This paper focuses on three practitioners who supplement their own practices with local and alternative healing modalities derived from South Asian psychologies, philosophies, systems of medicine and religious and ritual practices. The diverging psychiatric practices in this paper represent a rough continuum. They range from a bold and confident psychiatrist who uses various techniques including ritual healing to another who yearns to incorporate more Indian philosophy and psychology in psychiatric practice and encourages students of ayurvedic medicine to more fully embrace the science they are learning to a less proactive psychiatrist who does not describe a desire to change his practice but who is respectful and accepting of ayurvedic treatments that some patients also undergo. Rather than simply applying a hegemonic biomedical psychiatry, these psychiatrists offer the possibility of a more locally-attuned, context sensitive psychiatric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prevalence of research on abusive supervision in the workplace, little is known about its influence on employee knowledge hiding behaviors in the context of academia. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the abusive supervision influence on employee knowledge hiding behaviors in an academic context. To investigate the purpose of our study, data were collected from 179 respondents working in private universities located in the southern region of India and were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) method where variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted. The study reveals a negative relationship between abusive supervision and employees' inclination to hide knowledge from co-workers and supervisors. Subsequently, co-worker support acts as a complementary mediator in this relationship and organizational support does not act as a suppressor variable. The study enriches leadership and knowledge management literature, and supplements prior studies on positive knowledge-related behaviors, like those on knowledge sharing, by furthering our understanding of the nature of knowledge hiding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has resulted a greater burden and loss to farmers in India in view of number of restrictions on movement as well as social interactions, during which scenario the "artificial intelligence (AI)" could act as a catalyst in accelerating their progress in agriculture. This paper provided an evaluation of application and benefits of AI in agriculture and the challenging parameters for implementing AI in Indian agricultural sectors against COVID-19 crisis period. A survey based data was collected from 523 farmers, and interpreted using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC. The associated challenging parameters to implement AI were identified as "responsive time and accuracy levels; the absence of standardisation; a need for huge data; big data costs; method of implementation; versatility; insufficient awareness of context; and loss of employment;" respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exit is not an easy task for a sex worker. Academic investigations of the reasons and barriers to exit from the sex industry are lacking heavily. Sex work is a stigmatised profession, even though the workers find it difficult to exit the same. The current study attempted to understand the barriers faced by female sex workers in Puducherry, a union territory in the southeast part of India, to exit from sex work. The participants comprise 19 female sex workers (FSW) who work in Puducherry. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. All of the participants had thoughts about quitting. The barriers to exit were identified. The barriers were recognised at the individual, interpersonal (microsystem), and structural (macro system) levels within the framework of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, which are discussed in detail in the paper. The study also identified a lack of support systems for the targeted population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While developing a child health index is of interest, it is particularly important in the Indian context, because of a high burden of poor child health, the disparities in child health between different social, economic, and geographical regions and the absence of such a comprehensive index. This paper focuses on the development and validation of a Child Health Index (CHI) for India. Using publicly available data at the district level and principal component analysis, this index is composed of 16 variables representing six domains namely socio-cultural, child health status, determinants of child health (both risk and protective factors), household environment and health system and policy. Several statistical tests were conducted to provide internal and external validation. The application to predict child mortality confirmed its validation. This study thus provides a new tool for characterising child health and detecting child health inequalities at a district level in India. Consequently, it can be used by policymakers, health service providers and other stakeholders involved in child welfare to monitor and improve child health over time and space. Highlights: • The existing Indian health indices need a social determinant framework and inclusion of different stages of life. • Proposed Child Health Index (CHI) is based on 16 indicators measuring parameters impacting birth, infancy, and childhood. • CHI has a strong theory-base, uses reliable indicators representing various complexity of child health, at small geographical level, it is computed using a robust statistical methodology. • CHI provides ranking for all districts of India. Based on the ranking policy makers can prioritize geographical areas for action and focus on indicators that falter in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the pattern of diabetes symptoms and to estimate the association between diabetes symptom severity (level of discomfort perceived by a patient due to diabetes symptoms) among different socio-demographic variables for both women and men. Methods: Primary cross-sectional data of 583 diagnosed patients (51.3% and 48.7%, women and men, respectively) were collected from Punjab, India. Frequency percentage distribution and negative binomial regressions (NBR) were used for analysis. Results: More men were asymptomatic compared to women. Both genders perceived increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination in their early stages of diabetes. More women than men have experienced hormonal change as their first symptom with a higher severity level. NBR analyzed the association between discomfort perceived by both genders due to symptoms among different socio-demographic categories. Urban patients (incidence rate ratio—IRR: 0.90) were significantly (p = 0.056) less likely to perceive discomfort than their rural counterparts, whereas men (IRR: 0.93) reported more significant discomfort than women (IRR: 0.88) in the urban area. Literate patients [Up to class 10 (IRR: 0.87), (p = 0.013) and 11–above (IRR: 0.85), (p = 0.022) categories] were significantly less likely to perceive discomfort. In all education categories, women professed more significant discomfort than men. Conclusion: Given the differences in symptoms between the two genders, this paper will help comprehend the disease development process and limit the possibilities of misdiagnosis. This study will assist in identifying the order of the symptoms among both genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When will members of a diaspora lend to the government in their country of origin? Diasporans make important contributions to developing countries by sending remittances and investment home. However, little is known about when and why diaspora communities are willing to invest in the governments of their country of origin. Diasporans may invest at home because of their affinity with their country of origin, whether in the form of national pride, stake in economic development, or political support. This paper investigates whether these different affinity-based motivations explain the interest of diaspora members in purchasing home country government bonds. We use a survey experiment fielded to members of the Pakistani diaspora living in the United States to investigate diaspora members' willingness to invest in home government bonds. We randomly manipulate the framing of the bond to measure heterogeneity in willingness to buy the home country government bond. We find that national pride and a stake in economic development are the strongest drivers for an individual's choice to invest in a home country bond. We corroborate these findings with follow-up interviews that reveal the resonance of appeals to national identity and developmental support. The findings have implications for the design and marketing of diaspora bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional sources of energy like fossil fuels are available in limited quantities and harm environment. So, for sustainable growth, renewable energy is the only way forward. Biomass-based energy has untapped potential and is one of the most economical and best-proven options among the various alternative energy sources available. To fully utilize the biomass, the estimation of the possible potential is much needed. A state-wise biomass database is valuable for localized bioenergy policy. However, in India, a state-level biomass resource database is inadequate. This paper assessed the state-wise potential of biogas from various of sources including crop residues, livestock and poultry wastes, municipal solid wastes, and wastewater (sewage and industrial). The overall estimated biogas potential from organic waste in India is 74.795 billion m3/year. Also, the state-wise current generation capacity of digesters installed under various schemes is assessed in this paper. Currently, digesters with a generation capacity of 3.635 billion m3/year are achieved in India. The results show that there is a massive gap between the potential and its utilization. Among all the states, Uttar Pradesh (14.73 billion m3/year) has the highest biogas potential, and Maharashtra (671.40 million m3/year) has the highest installed achievement. The statistics generated in this research is expected to be beneficial for decentralized biogas planning and management in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To meet the national development goals in India on poverty alleviation and to trail the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), policy makers need to have adequate information on poverty in the country. To this end the aim of this paper is to analyse the trends in multidimensional poverty at the all-India level, across geographic locations, castes and religious groups. We have used Alkire–Foster methodology to measure multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and utilized National Family Health Survey unit level data of the latest three rounds 2005–06, 2015–16 and 2019–21. To the best of our understanding this is the first paper that utilizes the latest data sets to analyse the trends of MPI in India. We have also made a comparative assessment of trends of poverty in India measured by Global MPI approach and India's MPI approach. Over the period 2005–2006 to 2019–2021 the absolute decline in MPI was larger in rural areas of India. However, the contribution to MPI in rural areas is relatively high and that increased over time. There was no evidence of reduction of inter-caste and inter-religious based disparities. There are larger doses of decline in MPI in the sub period 2015–2016 to 2019–2021 but the decline across the states of India continues to be non-regressive. The states which were worst performing in 2005–2006 continue to be the same in 2019–2021. The paper concludes that by exploring the MPI over time one can decipher the urgencies in policy development to move towards the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The university is a highly politicized and fractious realm for students and academics. Amidst trade-offs between the processes of massification, democratization, commodification, and globalization, the question of transformation for sustainability has become crucial to the social good(s) of higher education. This paper considers academic citizenry within Indian public higher education — a context where the increase in the enrollment of first-generation students and female students, due to affirmative action policies, has not substantially translated into altering the composition of academic staff. Informed by a mixed-method study conducted in 2019 with the participation of academics and those in leadership positions at four higher education institutions, we found that the enactment of such policies was operationalized for the production of the "New Middle Class" by universities. Of concern is that neither the representation nor the participation of academics who are women, "lower" castes, or minorities meets the mark of just, inclusive institutions. Despite the rhetoric of inclusiveness and development, the implementation of related policies clothe subalterns with the veneer of the intellectual class, permitting access on condition that sociocultural identities are concealed, and the hegemonic status quo maintained. Terms such as "quality" and "equality" function as tools for social control rather than serving social justice, where assertions of caste identity and resistance are simultaneously repudiated and misrecognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian sugar industry's growth and residual lignocellulosic sugarcane bagasse (RSB) generation rate are complementary to each other. It is estimated that over 75–90 million tonnes of wet RSB are produced annually from 600 operational sugar mills in India. Therefore, the efficient utilization of residual bagasse needs immediate attention from sugar industries and the scientific community worldwide. Albeit recently developed technologies have shown promising prospects for the sustainable conversion of RSB into fuels and value-added chemicals, there is an apparent lack of consensus among the scientific community on technical understanding and commercial applicability of current RSB conversion technologies. This review discusses applications of RSB in Indian industries for electricity generation, concrete manufacturing from RSB ash, nanocomposite production, as well as pulp and paper, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, bioethanol, and value-added chemical production. Besides, the conversion of RSB major component lignin to fuel and high-value specialty chemicals has been discussed. Moreover, the government of India policies and subsequent revisions in 2018 to promote biomass and RSB conversion technologies has been presented. Subsequently, major challenges associated with the implementation of different conversion technologies have been explored. Overall, it is observed that there is a huge opportunity in India to utilize the RSB for value-added chemicals production, pulp, and paper production, electricity generation, and other applications. Nevertheless, the Government of India current policies directed towards promoting the RSB uses primarily for electricity production via cogenerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macro-level studies on intergenerational mobility among women in India suggests that, there is a need to further probe certain excluded communities that have a higher likelihood of persistence of educational status among women through micro-level studies. The present study investigates the extent and drivers of high/low intergenerational educational mobility among young women (vis-à-vis their mothers) belonging to the weavers' community of Varanasi, India. Using transition/mobility matrices and mobility measures, along with qualitative methods, the paper builds on a mixed-methods study conducted among 364 households of weavers' community from Varanasi. The qualitative data includes a total of 8 respondents with 5 KIIs and 3 IDIs. The study shows that the overall intergenerational educational mobility among women (vis-à-vis their mothers) from the weavers' community of Varanasi is 0.30 and there is no downward mobility. The qualitative findings further highlight various reasons enabling or preventing high educational mobility in the given context. In conclusion, the paper illustrates several micro-level issues and disparities in intergenerational educational mobility that are not clearly evident through the macro-level studies and further helps in making informed policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its associated impacts are more severely felt in Madhya Pradesh than in other Indian states, mainly because of acute poverty and social vulnerability in the state. This paper attempts to assess inter-spatial and inter-temporal vulnerability to climate change using a Climate Vulnerability Index, an aggregate of the Climate Index and the Composite Social Vulnerability Index. The Climate Index represents the exposure to climate change, and the social vulnerability represented by the Composite Social Vulnerability Index consists of two subindices: Socioeconomic Vulnerability Index and Infrastructural Vulnerability Index. The indices are computed using Principal Component Analysis for three rounds of census data (1991, 2001, and 2011). The study found a significant decrease in composite social vulnerability and subindices over the decades. At the same time, the Climate Index shows a significant increase over the decades, leading to a nonsignificant increase in climate vulnerability in the recent decade. The study advocates for targeted interventions to reduce social vulnerability further to cope with the increasing exposure to climate change; hence, overall vulnerability can be reduced. Targeted interventions for livelihood diversification, education, inclusive growth, and infrastructural facilities in tribal-dominated districts will be crucial, given the likelihood of climatic variation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) are the environmental institutions in India for the management and regulation of environmental laws. The purpose of this paper is to study the causality between income and expenditure of the CPCB. The data was collected from 1983 to 2020 from the annual reports of the CPCB. A unit root test has been applied in this study to test the stationarity of data. Johansen cointegration test is applied to determine the long-run relationship among variables. For determining optimum lag, the VAR lag order selection criterion has been applied. The VECM has been applied to study the direction of the causal relationship between income and expenditure of the CPCB. The result suggested stationarity of total income and expenditure at the first difference and second difference. There is a unidirectional causal relationship among variables that is found from total income to total expenditure in the long run. No short-run causal relationships among variables are found in this study. Thus, findings suggest that any change in the total income of the CPCB will induce a change in its total expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcome of economic growth is visualised as the well-being of citizens or human well-being (HWB). However, it has been a great challenge to measure HWB. Though there are known reasons for considering GDP and its growth as a measure of overall development and progress of nations, yet mostly it is being used as a gospel indicator to compare nations and design appropriate policies. This paper is an effort to develop a comprehensive adjusted GDP to measure HWB through secondary data for thirty years (1990–91 to 2019–20) in India. We make thirty-five adjustments to net national income (NNI) to compute the adjusted national income (ANI) index based on the system analysis approach. The empirical findings show that the gap between NNI and ANI has been growing over time, and the ANI index shows an increasing trend. Through the analysis it is suggested that economic growth should be focused only if it improves HWB (full or partial). The paper attempts to make intervention into policy shift for improving HWB vis-à-vis happiness of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the beginnings of the COVID-19 pandemic, India's government instituted a severe nationwide lockdown in late March 2020. In this paper, we analyze household survey data on income from an Indian state, Punjab. We analyze the impacts of the pandemic and lockdown on total household income, as well as its components, including wages, business income and transfers. This paper innovates in this area by using Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimation to deal with the skewed distributions of various income components, as well as quantile regressions to examine differential impacts across the income distribution. We examine the differences between rural and urban households, differential impacts on female-headed and laborer households, and the time pattern of impacts. We find that rural households experienced more persistent income declines than urban households, and their wages suffered relatively more. Households with daily laborers were most badly affected, and this was especially true at the bottom of the income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of waste-paper was conducted in Mumbai (India). The wastepaper cycle was divided into four main life stages - Generation, Collection, Utilisation and Disposal. A survey of major stakeholders involved in this cycle, namely informal waste-pickers, buyers, wholesalers and paper manufacturers, was carried out to determine the socio-economic and environmental aspect of each stage. The LCA Abridged Matrix Method was applied for Life Cycle Assessment. The resulting LCA matrix showed that, while there was a moderate environmental impact of wastepaper during generation, collection and disposal stages, the utilisation stage had a significant impact on the environment, especially during manufacturing in paper factories [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the relationship between fertility and financial development using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data for the year 2015–2016. We examine the old-age security hypothesis to explain fertility rates amongst Indian women using bank access as a proxy for financial development. As far as we know this paper is the first to look at this relationship the case of India using a quantile count regression. We find that there is a differential effect of access to a bank account on fertility rates amongst Indian women. We find that access to bank accounts increase fertility for the lower conditional quantiles but decreases fertility at the higher conditional quantiles. This study also reiterates that fertility decreases with an increase in education, wealthindex, urbanization and labour participation of women. Financial access has a We also find that infant mortality and age increase fertility rates. The results have some important policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of India has recognized the use of ethanol to be beneficial for the country's environment and energy security. So, ethanol blending has been mandated in India to harvest the benefits of using it as fuel. However, the ethanol blending target can never be fulfilled as the average ethanol production (2068.5 Million Liters) for the last 10 years (2010–19) is far less than the average consumption (3370 Million Liters), and the demand for ethanol is even higher than the present consumption. Hence, the import of ethanol is increasing. This indicates the necessity of improvement of the Indian ethanol sector to meet the desired targets. So, it is required to develop proper strategies based on the sector's extensive assessment for its improvement. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of the ethanol sector in India, including the production, consumption, feedstocks, trades, and policy for ethanol in India. Further, a social, technological, economic, environmental, and political (STEEP) analysis of the Indian ethanol sector has been performed to identify the important factors associated with the growth of this sector. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis is also carried out in this paper to categorize the STEEP factors into barriers and drivers associated with this sector. Finally, strategies have been formulated and recommended based on the SWOT factors to mitigate the barriers with the help of the drivers. These strategies are expected to help policymakers improve the overall scenario of the Indian ethanol sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]