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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chidamide (Chi) combined with a modified Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide (mBuCy) conditioning regimen for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Twenty-two patients received chidamide combined with mBuCy conditioning regimen (Chi group). A matched-pair control (CON) group of 44 patients (matched 1:2) received mBuCy only in the same period. The leukemia-free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and non-relapse-related mortality (NRM) were evaluated. Patients in the Chi group were associated with lower 2-year CIR (19.0 vs. 41.4%, P = 0.030), better 2-year LFS (76.1 vs. 48.1%, P = 0.014), and had no significant difference in 2-year OS (80.5 vs. 66.4%, P = 0.088). Patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) positive before HSCT in the Chi group exhibited an advantage in 2-year LFS and a trend towards better 2-year OS (75.0 vs. 10.2%, P = 0.048; 75.0 vs. 11.4%, P = 0.060, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that the chidamide intensified regimen was independently associated with better LFS (HR 0.23; 95%CI, 0.08–0.63; P = 0.004), and showed no significant impact with OS for all patients (HR 0.34, 95%CI, 0.11–1.07; P = 0.064). The cumulative incidence rates of grade II-IV aGVHD were similar (36.4 vs. 38.6%, P = 0.858). 20 patients in Chi group evinced an elevation in γ-glutamyltransferase, as compared to the mBuCy group (90.9 vs. 65.9%, P = 0.029). No transplantation-related mortality was documented within the first 100 days after transplantation. The results demonstrate that the chidamide intensified regimen may be an effective and acceptable safety option for T-ALL/LBL undergoing allo-HSCT, and further validation is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to address the Mo volatilization problem of super-austenitic stainless steel at high temperature, the S31254 steel containing B and rare earth element Y with high oxidation resistance was designed. It was observed that a synergy of B + Y can promote the formation of the dense Cr2O3 layer at 1050 and 1100 °C, making MoO3 layer formation difficult. While the oxide layers of the 0B sample from top to bottom were divided into four layers: Fe-rich oxide layer, MoO3 layer, Cr–Mn–Ni spinel oxide layer, and Cr2O3 layer (loose and porous), thus the undense Cr2O3 layer in the 0B sample can hardly inhibit MoO3 volatilization, especially at 1100 °C. In addition, the synergistic effect of B and Y on the diffusion of Cr to the surface was calculated using first-principles calculations. The results demonstrated that both the addition of B and Y can enhance Cr diffusion to the surface, while Y can specifically promote the combination of Cr and O. Consequently, the combined presence of B and Y exhibits a more favorable synergy for improving the density of the Cr2O3 layer, effectively inhibiting MoO3 formation and volatilization, thereby enhancing the oxidation resistance of S31254. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laparoscopic radical pancreatectomy is safe and beneficial for recectable pancreatic cancer, but the extent of resection for early-stage tumors remains controversial. Methods: Consecutive patients with left-sided pancreatic cancer who underwent either laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (LRAMPS, n = 54) or laparoscopic distal pancreatosplecnectomy (LDP, n = 131) between October 2020 and December 2022 were reviewed. The preoperative radiological selection criteria were as follows: (1) tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm; (2) located ≥ 1 cm from the celiac trunk; (3) didn't invade the fascial layer behind the pancreas. Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching (LRAMPS, n = 54; LDP, n = 54), baseline data were well-balanced with no differences. LRAMPS resulted in longer operation time (240.5 vs. 219.0 min, P = 0.020) and higher intraoperative bleeding volume (200 vs. 150 mL, P = 0.001) compared to LDP. Although LRAMPS harvested more lymph nodes (16 vs. 13, P = 0.008), there were no statistically significant differences in lymph node positivity rate (35.2% vs. 33.3%), R0 pancreatic transection margin (94.4% vs. 96.3%), and retroperitoneal margin (83.3% vs. 87.0%) rate. Postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, LRAMPS was associated with increased drainage volume (85.0 vs. 40.0 mL, P = 0.001), longer time to recover semi-liquid diet compared to LDP (5 vs. 4 days, P < 0.001) and increased daily bowel movement frequency. Tumor recurrence pattern and recurrence-free survival were comparable between the two groups, but the adjuvant chemotherapy regimens varied, and the completion rate of the 6-month intravenous chemotherapy was lower in the LRAMPS group compared to the LDP group (51.9% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.016). Conclusions: LRAMPS did not provide oncological benefits over LDP for left-sided pancreatic cancer within the selection criteria, but it increased operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative bowel movement frequency. These factors impacted the regimen selection and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, consequently compromising the potential benefits of LRAMPS in achieving better local control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face. It is associated with disturbances in the brain's functional architecture. Despite this, the structural alterations in the brain related to HFS remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the cortical morphology changes in patients with HFS compared to healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We analyzed 3D T1-weighted MRI images from 33 patients with left-sided primary HFS and 33 age- and sex-matched HCs. Measurements of cortical thickness (CTh), sulcal depth, local gyrification index (lGI), and fractal dimension were taken using a computational anatomy toolbox. A general linear model, accounting for age, gender, and total brain volume, was applied for statistical analyses. Significant clusters were then assessed for correlations with clinical parameters. Results: The HFS patients displayed several cortical abnormalities when compared to HCs, including reduced CTh in the contralateral precentral gyrus and left orbitofrontal cortex, decreased sulcal depth in the left orbitofrontal cortex, and increased lGI in the right insula and superior temporal cortex. However, fractal dimension did not differ significantly between the groups. Additionally, in HFS patients, a notable negative correlation was found between the sulcal depth in the left orbitofrontal cortex and the Beck Depression Inventory-II scores. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that HFS is associated with specific surface-based morphological changes in the brain. These alterations contribute to a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in HFS and may have implications for future research and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of prognostic and predictive biomarker signatures is crucial for drug development and providing personalized treatment to cancer patients. However, the discovery process often involves high-dimensional candidate biomarkers, leading to inflated family-wise error rates (FWERs) due to multiple hypothesis testing. This is an understudied area, particularly under the survival framework. To address this issue, we propose a novel three-stage approach for identifying significant biomarker signatures, including prognostic biomarkers (main effects) and predictive biomarkers (biomarker-by-treatment interactions), using Cox proportional hazard regression with high-dimensional covariates. To control the FWER, we adopt an adaptive group LASSO for variable screening and selection. We then derive adjusted p-values through multi-splitting and bootstrapping to overcome invalid p values caused by the penalized approach's restrictions. Our extensive simulations provide empirical evaluation of the FWER and model selection accuracy, demonstrating that our proposed three-stage approach outperforms existing alternatives. Furthermore, we provide detailed proofs and software implementation in R to support our theoretical contributions. Finally, we apply our method to real data from cancer genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is the malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate worldwide, and precise early diagnosis can improve patient prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alterations in the glycopatterns recognized by the Hippeastrum hybrid lectin (HHL) in salivary proteins are associated with the development of LC. Materials and methods: First, we collected saliva samples from LC (15 lung adenocarcinoma (ADC); 15 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); 15 small cell lung cancer (SCLC)) and 15 benign pulmonary disease (BPD) for high-throughput detection of abundance levels of HHL-recognized glycopatterns using protein microarrays, and then validated the pooled samples from each group with lectin blotting analysis. Finally, the N-glycan profiles of salivary glycoproteins isolated from the pooled samples using HHL-magnetic particle conjugates were characterized separately using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Results: The results showed that the abundance level of glycopatterns recognized by HHL in salivary proteins was elevated in LC compared to BPD. The proportion of mannosylated N-glycans was notably higher in ADC (31.7%), SCC (39.0%), and SCLC (46.6%) compared to BPD (23.3%). Conclusions: The altered salivary glycopatterns such as oligomannose, Manα1-3Man, or Manα1-6Man N-glycans recognized by HHL might serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of LC patients. Clinical relevance: This study provides crucial information for studying changes in salivary to differentiate between BPD and LC and facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for LC diagnosis based on precise alterations of mannosylated N-glycans in saliva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microalgae industry shows a promising future in the production of high-value products such as pigments, phycoerythrin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides. It was found that polysaccharides have high biomedical value (such as antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidative) and industrial application prospects (such as antioxidants). This study aimed to improve the polysaccharides accumulation of Porphyridium purpureum CoE1, which was effectuated by inorganic salt starvation strategy whilst supplying rich carbon dioxide. At a culturing temperature of 25 °C, the highest polysaccharide content (2.89 g/L) was achieved in 50% artificial seawater on the 12th day. This accounted for approximately 37.29% of the dry biomass, signifying a 25.3% increase in polysaccharide production compared to the culture in 100% artificial seawater. Subsequently, separation, purification and characterization of polysaccharides produced were conducted. Furthermore, the assessment of CO2 fixation capacity during the cultivation of P. purpureum CoE1 was conducted in a 10 L photobioreactor. This indicated that the strain exhibited an excellent CO2 fixation capacity of 1.66 g CO2/g biomass/d. This study proposed an efficient and feasible approach that not only increasing the yield of polysaccharides by P. purpureum CoE1, but also fixing CO2 with a high rate, which showed great potential in the microalgae industry and Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossing conjugate normal faults (CCNFs) are extensively developed in many hydrocarbon-producing basins, generally existing in the form of incomplete CCNFs. Nevertheless, the effect of the non-conjugate zone of the CCNFs on the conjugate relay zone post late tectonic action has not been previously studied. We use 3D elastic-plastic modeling to investigate the influence of incomplete (i.e., partially intersecting) CCNFs on the pattern of deformation of strata in the intersection region. A series of model simulations were performed to examine the effects of horizontal tectonic extension, fault size, and fault depth on the deformation of conjugate relay zones of incomplete CCNFs. Our analyses yielded the following results. (1) The model of incomplete conjugation predicts a convex-up style of deformation in the conjugate graben region superimposed on overall subsidence under applied horizontal tectonic extension. (2) The degree of convex-up deformation of the conjugate graben depends on the influence of the non-conjugate zone on the conjugate relay zone, which varies with the amount of horizontal tectonic extension, fault size, and fault burial depth. (3) Our results indicate that incomplete CCNFs can form convex-up deformation, similar to that in the Nanpu Sag area and provide a sound understanding of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV curing hybrid materials via the photo polymerization have significant significance for the lithography fields due to the high resolution. In this work, the UV-curable SiO2 materials with chelating compound structure are synthesized by photosensitive Sol–Gel approach, which have a wide absorption band at 267 nm. With the UV light irradiation, the chelating compound structure decomposes and the solubility of the film in organic solvent decreases. Based on this premise, the presented material exhibits the ability to fabricating highly ordered SiO2 microarrays on several substrates through UV photolithography. The SiO2 micro arrays can be used to as templates to prepare noble metal micro-structures, which own wide potential application prospects in highly ordered SERS substrates with high activity and reproductivity for trace detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Key message: Integrated omics analyses outline the cellular and metabolic events of hemp plants in response to salt stress and highlight several photosynthesis and energy metabolism related pathways as key regulatory points. Soil salinity affects many physiological processes of plants and leads to crop yield losses worldwide. For hemp, a crop that is valued for multiple aspects, such as its medical compounds, fibre, and seed, a comprehensive understanding of its salt stress responses is a prerequisite for resistance breeding and tailoring its agronomic performance to suit certain industrial applications. Here, we first observed the phenotype of salt-stressed hemp plants and found that under NaCl treatment, hemp plants displayed pronounced growth defects, as indicated by the significantly reduced average height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. Next, we conducted comparative proteomics and metabolomics to dissect the complex salt-stress response mechanisms. A total of 314 proteins and 649 metabolites were identified to be differentially behaving upon NaCl treatment. Functional classification and enrichment analysis unravelled that many differential proteins were proteases associated with photosynthesis. Through metabolic pathway enrichment, several energy-related pathways were found to be altered, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of branched-chain amino acids, and our network analysis showed that many ribosomal proteins were involved in these metabolic adaptations. Taken together, for hemp plants, influences on chloroplast function probably represent a major toxic effect of salinity, and modulating several energy-producing pathways possibly through translational regulation is presumably a key protective mechanism against the negative impacts. Our data and analyses provide insights into our understanding of hemp’s stress biology and may lay a foundation for future functional genomics studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low visibility weather easily leads to traffic accidents, posing threats to human life and property. To accurately forecast visibility, we conduct an empirical study focusing on Jiangsu Province. Firstly, we collect the monitoring data from meteorological stations and environmental stations for 2017-2018. Secondly, we analyze the changes in visibility from both spatial and temporal perspectives. Next, the maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) algorithm is employed to select factors affecting visibility, finding that humidity and P M 2.5 concentrations are the primary factors. Finally, we propose GCN-GRU (Graph Convolutional Network and Gated Recurrent Unit) model for short-term visibility forecasting, which employs GCN to capture the interactions between stations and uses GRU to learn the interactions between times. Experimental results indicate that GCN-GRU outperforms the standalone GRU model and three machine learning models regarding 6-hour visibility forecasting. Compared to the best competitor, GCN-GRU achieves an average increase of 3.32% in Correlation Coefficient (CORR), a decrease of 17.52% in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), a reduction of 26.62% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and a decline of 16.53% in Mean Absolute Error (MAE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive reserve explains the differences in the susceptibility to cognitive impairment related to brain aging, pathology, or insult. Given that cognitive reserve has important implications for the cognitive health of typically and pathologically aging older adults, research needs to identify valid and reliable instruments for measuring cognitive reserve. However, the measurement properties of current cognitive reserve instruments used in older adults have not been evaluated according to the most up-to-date COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). This systematic review aimed to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of all existing cognitive reserve instruments for older adults. A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published up to December 2021, which was conducted by three of four researchers using 13 electronic databases and snowballing method. The COSMIN was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies and the quality of measurement properties. Out of the 11,338 retrieved studies, only seven studies that concerned five instruments were eventually included. The methodological quality of one-fourth of the included studies was doubtful and three-seventh was very good, while only four measurement properties from two instruments were supported by high-quality evidence. Overall, current studies and evidence for selecting cognitive reserve instruments suitable for older adults were insufficient. All included instruments have the potential to be recommended, while none of the identified cognitive reserve instruments for older adults appears to be generally superior to the others. Therefore, further studies are recommended to validate the measurement properties of existing cognitive reserve instruments for older adults, especially the content validity as guided by COSMIN. Systematic Review Registration numbers: CRD42022309399 (PROSPERO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-quality antiferromagnetic Mott insulator thin films of LaTiO3 (LTO) were epitaxially grown onto SrTiO3 (STO) (110) substrates using the pulsed laser deposition. The LTO/STO heterostructures are not only highly conducting and ferromagnetic, but also show Kondo effect, Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations with a nonzero Berry phase of π, and low-field hysteretic negative magnetoresistance (MR). Angle-dependent SdH oscillations and a calculation of the thickness of the interfacial conducting layer indicate the formation of a 4-nm high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) layer at the interface. Moreover, an amazingly large low-field negative MR of ∼61.8% is observed at 1.8 K and 200 Oe, which is approximately one to two orders of magnitude larger than those observed in other spin-polarized 2DEG oxide systems. All these results demonstrate that the 2DEG is spin-polarized and the 4-nm interfacial layer is ferromagnetic, which are attributed to the presence of magnetic Ti3+ ions due to interfacial oxygen vacancies and the diffusion of La3+ ions into the STO substrate. The localized Ti3+ magnetic moments couple to high mobility itinerant electrons under magnetic fields, giving rise to the observed low-field MR. Our work demonstrates the great potential of antiferromagnetic titanate oxide interface for designing spin-polarized 2DEG and spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the long-distance telecommunication issues in real fiber optics transmission lines and explores the inhomogeneous variable-coefficient Hirota equation, which is from the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The multi-soliton solutions can be given via the Hirota bilinear method. The dynamical structures of multi-soliton are investigated based on the obtained solutions. During soliton transmission, a step-like soliton is observed, capable of carrying more information and increasing communication capacity. The distinctive structures of these solitons enhance their resistance to interference compared to conventional solitons. The results in this paper have theoretical guiding significance in reducing information distortion and enhancing the quality of communication in fiber optics transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most prevalent complications following minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD). Only one model related to MIPD exists, and previous POPF scoring prediction methods are based on open pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. Our objectives are to determine the variables that may increase the probability of pancreatic fistula following MIPD and to develop and validate a POPF predictive risk model. Methods: Data from 432 patients who underwent MIPD between July 2015 and May 2022 were retrospectively collected. A nomogram prediction model was created using multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate independent factors for POPF in patients undergoing MIPD in the modeling cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the calibration curve were used to verify the nomogram prediction model internally and externally within the modeling cohort and the verification cohort. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), albumin, triglycerides, pancreatic duct diameter, pathological diagnosis and intraoperative bleeding were independent variables for POPF. On the basis of this information, a model for the prediction of risks associated with POPF was developed. In accordance with the ROC analysis, the modeling cohort's AUC was 0.819 (95% CI 0.747–0.891), the internal validation cohort's AUC was 0.830 (95% CI 0.747–0.912), and the external validation cohort's AUC was 0.793 (95% CI 0.671–0.915). Based on the calibration curve, the estimated values of POPF have a high degree of concordance with the actual values that were measured. Conclusions: This model for predicting the probability of pancreatic fistula following MIPD has strong predictive capacity and can provide a trustworthy predictive method for the early screening of high-risk patients with pancreatic fistula after MIPD and timely clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a highly conserved dimeric glycoprotein, is a key regulatory gene and a marker molecule of angiogenesis. The upregulation of VEGF-A facilitates the process of tumor vascularization, thereby fostering the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasms. Many genes can adjust the angiogenesis of tumors by changing the expression of VEGF-A. In addition, VEGF-A also exhibits immune regulatory properties, which directly or indirectly suppresses the antitumor activity of immune cells. The emergence of VEGF-A-targeted therapy alone or in rational combinations has revolutionized the treatment of various cancers. This review discusses how diverse mechanisms in various tumors regulate VEGF-A expression to promote tumor angiogenesis and the role of VEGF-A in tumor immune microenvironment. The application of drugs targeting VEGF-A in tumor therapy is also summarized including antibody molecule drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of the pseudospin of sound wave has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Utilizing the finite-size effect of topological acoustics, we successfully construct an H-shaped acoustic topological pseudospin switcher that sound wave energy can be easily switched through different passages. The interesting phenomenon of pseudospin flipping is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. A quantitative interference theory is proposed that the constructive and destructive interference of pseudospin states leads to pseudospin flipping and preserving in multiple frequencies. We verify the key parameters of the design, including the length of the passage and its interface state dispersion, and the theory can be extended to other topology acoustics and photonics systems. Moreover, the tunable topological sonic crystal we use provides adjustable convenience to pseudospin switcher design. The pseudospin switching behavior offers an efficient method to control the acoustic topological edge state transport, which has great potential in versatile applications, such as integrated acoustics, acoustic security, and information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permeability characteristics of coal seams are closely related to their structure. In this work, based on the fractal theory, a nonlinear seepage model of gas in a double-porous and double-permeable coal body using the increasing fractal construction method is proposed. The model incorporates parameters with specific physical interpretations, eliminating reliance on empirical constants. The internal interaction between the pore and coal matrix is enhanced, and the permeability control by multiple stresses is explored. The validity of the new model is substantiated by gas radial seepage experiments. Moreover, the contribution coefficient of the slip effect to the permeability is defined, and on this basis, the critical pressure point under multi-stress interaction is experimentally investigated. The aim is to ignore the influence of slip effects when this critical point is exceeded and to make direct calculations on the intrinsic permeability. The results show that the higher the overburden pressure and adsorption pressure are, the higher the critical pore pressure and contribution coefficient are. Moreover, the slip effect contributes more to permeability at lower pore pressures, even at lower overburden pressures. Finally, we explore the variations in slip factor and intrinsic permeability for two fractal dimensions and three stresses based on experiments. The relationship between the slip factor and the aperture distribution is particularly noteworthy, as the latter exerts a more pronounced influence on the former. Additionally, the pore surface tortuosity has a greater impact on the intrinsic permeability, while its influence on the slip effect is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cat states, as an important resource in the study of macroscopic quantum superposition and quantum information applications, have garnered widespread attention. To date, preparing large-sized optical cat states has remained challenging. We demonstrate that, by utilizing interaction-free measurement and the quantum Zeno effect, even a fragile quantum microscopic system can deterministically control and become entangled with strong light fields, thereby generating large-amplitude optical cat states. During the entire preparation process, our method ensures that the microscopic system functions within a weak field environment, so that its quantum property can be protected. Furthermore, we show that the preparation of cat states is possible even when the quantum microsystem suffers from significant photon loss, provided that optical losses from classical devices are kept low, which implies that the fidelity of the cat state can be enhanced by improvements to and the perfection of the classical optical system. In quantum physics, superposition—illustrated by Schrödinger's cat being both dead and alive—inspires 'cat states', utilized in quantum technologies. The authors propose a theory where the optical state, through multiple indirect atom interactions in an interferometric setup, can generate large-amplitude optical cat states, advancing quantum applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy was introduced to enhance the performance and durability of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite Sr3Fe2O7−δ (SF)-based air electrodes for reversible protonic ceramic cells (RePCCs). Simultaneous Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution in SF result in Sr2.8Fe1.8Nb0.2O7−δ (D-SFN), offering improved structural stability under RePCC conditions by suppressing the formation of Sr3Fe2(OH)12 phase. The introduction of Sr-deficiency enhances oxygen vacancy concentration in D-SFN, promoting efficient oxygen transport within the material and contributing to excellent activity in RePCCs. Reversible protonic ceramic cells (RePCCs) hold promise for efficient energy storage, but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials. Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite Sr3Fe2O7−δ (SF) exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction, boosting activity. However, excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades SF's crystal structure, impacting durability. This study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes, incorporating Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution to create Sr2.8Fe1.8Nb0.2O7−δ (D-SFN). Nb stabilizes SF's crystal, curbing excessive phase formation, and Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration, optimizing oxygen transport. The D-SFN electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability, achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm−2 in fuel cell mode and a current density of − 1.19 A cm−2 in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V, 650 °C, with excellent cycling durability. This approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to potential the potential utilization of nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) for controlling longitudinal vibrations in a double-rod system. The research introduces a longitudinal vibration prediction model for a double-rod system equipped with NESs. The generalized Hamilton principle is employed to derive governing equations of the double-rod system. The longitudinal vibration responses of the double-rod system are numerically solved through the application of Galerkin truncation method. The longitudinal vibration responses of the double-rod system are impacted by NESs, as they yield accurate numerical results. The installation of both NES 1 and NES 2 concurrently is recommended for mitigating the vibration of the double-rod system. Under reasonable single-frequency excitations, modifying the parameters of NESs can significantly alter both the vibration state and magnitudes of vibration in the double-rod system. Furthermore, the synchronous optimization of parameters in NES 1 and NES 2 is crucial for effectively controlling vibrations in the double-rod system. Sensitive parameter areas of NESs provide the possibility of controlling the vibration of the double-rod system by utilizing NESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the three major outdoor components of the railroad signal system, the track circuit plays an important role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of train operation. Therefore, when a fault occurs, the cause of the fault needs to be found quickly and accurately and dealt with in a timely manner to avoid affecting the efficiency of train operation and the occurrence of safety accidents. This article proposes a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale attention network, which uses Gramian Angular Field (GAF) to transform one-dimensional time series into two-dimensional images, making full use of the advantages of convolutional networks in processing image data. A new feature fusion training structure is designed to effectively train the model, fully extract features at different scales, and fusing spatial feature information through spatial attention mechanisms. Finally, experiments are conducted using real track circuit fault datasets, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis reaches 99.36%, and our model demonstrates better performance compared to classical and state-of-the-art models. And the ablation experiments verified that each module in the designed model plays a key role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a risk factor for human health and quality of life. Screening and development of novel supplements and medications to combat aging and delay the incidence of age-related diseases are of great significance. In this study, salidroside (SA), a primary natural small molecule from Rhodiola rosea, was investigated regarding its effects on life and healthspan and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of anti-aging and antioxidation. Our results showed that SA effectively prolonged lifespan and exhibited anti-aging and antioxidative properties. Computer-assisted methods, label-free interaction analysis, and in vitro assays showed that SA directly bound heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Furthermore, SA significantly inhibited the ATPase activity of HSP90, affecting the interaction between HSP90 and its interacting proteins and the expression of downstream genes to regulate lifespan and the oxidative stress response. Our findings provided new insights into the pharmacological properties of SA across multiple species and its potential as an anti-aging drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation stable and continuous lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) crystalline film coated on flexible substrate is a challenge for application. Herein a kind of novel nanoscale Eu-MOFs film on silk fabric for temperature sensing was successfully prepared. The silk fabric was coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) via different atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles, and then the Eu-MOFs can grow to nanoscale continuous film on the substrate. The composite was characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, TG and PL. Fluorescence detection of temperature was also studied, and in a wide temperature range (77 K to 423 K), the fluorescence detection was sensitive and fitted to linear equation. In addition, the functional silk fabric exhibited different fluorescence detection behavior to temperature at different pH preparation conditions. At neutral preparation conditions, the fluorescence color of the functional silk fabric was dark yellow. The silk fabric exhibited rapid response in detection of temperature. At acidic preparation conditions, the fluorescence color was bright yellow, but it did not have detection effect. At alkaline preparation conditions, blue purple fluorescence was presented, and the temperature detection was also sensitive and fast. It is an effective method to obtain Ln-MOFs flexible film materials, and apply in the field of intelligent detection and wearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B/T mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which represents only 2–3% of all MPAL cases, is classified as a high-risk leukemia subtype. Adults diagnosed with B/T MPAL have a notably low 3-year survival rate, estimated at 20–40%. The rarity and undercharacterization of B/T MPAL present substantial challenges in identifying an optimal treatment protocol. This report aims to shed light on this issue by presenting a case in which a patient with a complex karyotype was treated using a combination of venetoclax, azacitidine, and blinatumomab. This novel, chemo-free regimen resulted in the patient achieving both hematologic and molecular complete remission, with no severe organ or hematological toxicity observed. Notably, the patient continued to maintain molecular remission for 1 year following the transplantation. Based on these findings, the combination of venetoclax, azacitidine, and blinatumomab could be considered a potential therapeutic approach for B/T MPAL patients, meriting further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging observational method, spaceborne global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) has been applied recently for significant wave height (SWH) retrieval. However, the complexity of the sea surface and the influence of multiple potential factors have been constraining the accuracy of SWH retrieval. This study verified the effect of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and seasonal variation on cyclone-GNSS (CYGNSS) observables for the first time. After controlling for the SWH, the CYGNSS observables exhibit a dependence on SST and SSS, where the dependence on SST dominates. The correlation coefficient (R) between SST and CYGNSS observables is the highest in 3.5–4 m, which is 0.53. In addition, the geographical distribution of retrieval bias exhibits seasonality. Therefore, seasonal factors can provide an additional contribution to SWH retrieval. SWH retrieval is based on the multilayer perceptron. The European center for medium-range weather forecast reanalysis 5th Generation SWH data were used as the reference for the computation of retrieval performance metrics. The results show that after considering SST, salinity, and season, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the retrieved SWH decreases from 0.65 to 0.48 m and the R increases from 0.66 to 0.83. The retrievals were compared to the ground truth measurements from the National Data Buoy Center buoys; the RMSE decreased from 0.52–1.07 m to 0.30–0.61 m, and the R increased from 0.44–0.71 to 0.60–0.78. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) has been reported as one of the major sources of indoor allergens that trigger allergic disease in humans. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine geographic populations of D. farinae were investigated by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear genes (COI, Cytb, COI+Cytb, and ITS). The results showed high genetic diversity across the D. farinae populations. The BX (Benxi) population showed the lowest genetic diversity, possibly due to climatic causes. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among D. farinae populations based on mitochondrial genes. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results elucidated that the contribution to the rate of variation was primarily from among populations. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network based on mitochondrial genes both indicated significant geographic structure among D. farinae populations. The nine geographic populations of D. farinae were divided into two groups with the Qinling Mountains–Huai River Line serving as the boundary for spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis (SAMOVA). However, the Mantel test analysis showed no association between genetic differentiation and geographic distance because of the high level of gene flow among some populations through the transportation of stored food. Overall, these results indicate both significant genetic differentiation among D. farinae populations, but also significant gene exchange between them. Results from the analysis of the nuclear gene ITS differed from the mitochondrial genes due to differences in molecular markers between mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes. These observations improve our understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of D. farinae populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trousseau syndrome (TS) is relatively rare and easily overlooked by clinicians, causing misdiagnosis and affecting subsequent treatment. Objective: In this study, clinical features, laboratory examination, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis of patients with TS were discussed. Methods and material: From February 2018 to April 2022, cases of 21 patients with malignant tumors complicated by acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were admitted to the Neurology Department of the hospital, and were retrospectively analyzed and discussed based on the literature. Results: Twenty-one cases were included in the study. Of these, 95.23% (20/21) developed AIS 6–21 months after the onset of malignant tumors, 9.52% (2/21) had ischemic stroke as the first symptom, 4.76% (1/21) had recurrent ischemic stroke, and 14.29% (3/21) subsequently experienced venous and arterial thrombosis events; 80.95% (17/21) were pathologically confirmed to have adenocarcinoma; and 90.47% (19/21) of infarction cases involved multiple blood vessel feeding sites. MRI showed multiregional, multifocal patchy infarcts. d-dimer concentration was higher than normal in all patients. In addition, 61.90% (13/21) of the patients had poor outcomes according to mRS. Conclusion: TS is a rare clinical type. It is often associated with adenocarcinoma, and the treatment is different from that of conventional cerebral infarction and the prognosis is very poor. In clinical practice, for AIS of unknown cause, if MRI shows multiple small lesions accompanied by a significant increase in d-dimer, routine screening for latent malignant tumors is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether teacher expectation effects on students' foreign language learning would be moderated by students' perceptions of the classroom environment. The participants were 28 teachers and 1030 first-year undergraduate students learning English as a foreign language from public universities in China. Data for teacher expectations of student future performance in the year-end standardised test, students' performance in the prior examination and year-end examination, and students' perceptions of the classroom environment (six factors) were collected. Structural equation modelling was run for data analysis. The results showed that, with students' prior achievement controlled, positive teacher-student relationships, innovative instruction, and clearly structured instruction strengthened the effects of teacher expectations on student year-end academic achievement but cooperative learning lessened the predictive power of teacher expectations. Further, peer relationships and learner autonomy did not significantly impact the magnitude of teacher expectation effects. The findings suggested a positive moderating role of teacher-led behaviours on teacher expectation effects but negative moderation effects of student-led behaviours in tertiary classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prevent high water pressure disasters in tunnels under water-rich environments, it is necessary to study the distribution characteristics of the seepage field and optimize the waterproof-drainage system. In this paper, a series of seepage experiments and numerical simulations are conducted on the Kexuecheng tunnel in Chongqing, China. The influence of different waterproof-drainage parameters on the seepage field distribution and mechanical behavior of lining are investigated. Various optimized waterproof-drainage structural systems are proposed that are beneficial for controlling high water pressure disasters during tunnel operation. According to the results, the water pressure, lining structure stress, and water inflow of tunnel gradually increase with the increase of hydrostatic head height and longitudinal spacing of circumferential drainage tubes. Increasing the density of drainage tubes will not only enhance the drainage capacity of the tunnel, but also exacerbate the non-uniform distribution characteristics of water pressure in small interval tunnels. The maximum water pressure and tensile stress on the secondary lining are concentrated at the tunnel bottom, which is caused by the lack of drainage channels at the inverted arch and is one of the important reasons for roadbed uplift. With the increase of the distance between the two holes of small interval tunnels, the superposition effect of their seepage and stress fields weakens, leading to an increasing trend in both water inflow and lining water pressure. The six optimized waterproof-drainage schemes proposed can effectively reduce the load on the lining and increase the safety of the tunnel structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The endometrium of most unexplained infertility (UI) patients has been altered histologically. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is utilized to assess the signature of living tissue. This study aimed to explore the value of SWE in evaluating endometrial receptivity (ER) in UI patients. Methods: In total, 59 UI patients (UI group) and 52 normal control women (NC group) who received fertility consultation in our hospital were included between January 2022 and June 2023. We divided them into the late-proliferative phase of UI group (LPUI; n = 59), mid-secretory phase of UI group (MPUI; n = 41), late-proliferative phase of NC group (LPNC; n = 52), and mid-secretory phase of NC group (MPNC; n = 45). Transvaginal ultrasonography and SWE were performed during the LP and MP. Endometrial thickness (EMT), uterine artery pulsatility index (UA-PI), endometrial mean elasticity (E-mean), and mean shear wave velocities (SWV-mean) were measured. Results: There were significant differences in E-mean, SWV-mean, EMT, and UA-PI between the UI group and the NC group during both the LP and MP (p MPNC vs MPUI < 0.05, p LPNC vs LPUI < 0.05). E-mean and SWV-mean decreased with increasing EMT but increased with increasing UA-PI (p < 0.05). The most effective parameter for evaluating ER in UI patients is the E-mean (AUC = 0.89). Conclusions: UI patients exhibited thinner endometrium, increased endometrial stiffness, and poor endometrial blood perfusion. E-mean was the most effective parameter to evaluate ER in UI patients. The study preliminarily proved that SWE is a promising non-invasive tool for evaluating the condition of endometrium. Critical relevance statement: This study aimed to explore the significance of endometrial elasticity measured by SWE in evaluating patients with UI. The findings revealed a correlation between EMT, UA-PI, and E-mean. Endometrial elasticity can serve as an effective indicator for predicting ER. Key points: 1. To explore the significance of endometrial elasticity in assessing patients with UI. 2. The endometrium of UI patient exhibited thinness, stiffness, and poor blood perfusion. 3. Endometrial elasticity serves as a valuable indicator for evaluating endometrial receptivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delineation of microbial habitats within the soil matrix and characterization of their environments and metabolic processes are crucial to understand soil functioning, yet their experimental identification remains persistently limited. We combined single- and triple-energy X-ray computed microtomography with pore specific allocation of 13C labeled glucose and subsequent stable isotope probing to demonstrate how long-term disparities in vegetation history modify spatial distribution patterns of soil pore and particulate organic matter drivers of microbial habitats, and to probe bacterial communities populating such habitats. Here we show striking differences between large (30-150 µm Ø) and small (4-10 µm Ø) soil pores in (i) microbial diversity, composition, and life-strategies, (ii) responses to added substrate, (iii) metabolic pathways, and (iv) the processing and fate of labile C. We propose a microbial habitat classification concept based on biogeochemical mechanisms and localization of soil processes and also suggests interventions to mitigate the environmental consequences of agricultural management.The work proposes the concept of distinct micro-habitats within an intact soil matrix and describes composition and metabolic pathways of their bacterial inhabitants, as a first step towards a generalizable C processing-focused classification of soil micro-environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic inflammation and reciprocal organ interactions are associated with the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the clinical value, especially the diagnositc prediction power of inflammation and extra-cardiac organ dysfunction for HfpEF is not explored. In this cross-sectional study, 1808 hospitalized patients from January 2014 to June 2022 in ChiHFpEF cohort were totally enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A diagnostic model with markers from routine blood test as well as liver and renal dysfunction for HFpEF was developed using data from ChiHFpEF-cohort by logistic regression and assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Brier score. Then, the model was validated by the tenfold cross-validation and presented as nomogram and a web-based online risk calculator as well. Multivariate and LASSO regression analysis revealed that age, hemoglobin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, AST/ALT ratio, creatinine, uric acid, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension were associated with HFpEF. The predictive model exhibited reasonably accurate discrimination (ROC, 0.753, 95% CI 0.732–0.772) and calibration (Brier score was 0.200). Subsequent internal validation showed good discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.750, Brier score was 0.202). In additoin to participating in pathophysiology of HFpEF, inflammation and multi-organ interactions have diagnostic prediction value for HFpEF. Screening and optimizing biomarkers of inflammation and multi-organ interactions stand for a new field to improve noninvasive diagnostic tool for HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is the first study to evaluate the predictive value of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on postoperative delirium (POD) after transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF) in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar diseases. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the outcomes of TLIF surgery in elderly patients with lumbar degenerative disease between the years 2016 and 2022. Delirium was diagnosed by reviewing postoperative medical records during hospitalization, utilizing the Confusion Assessment Method. The geriatric nutritional risk index was calculated using the baseline serum albumin level and body weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the association between preoperative GNRI and postoperative delirium (POD). Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to determine the optimal GNRI cutoff for predicting POD. Results: POD was observed in 50 of the 324 patients. The GNRI was visibly reduced in the delirium group. The mean GNRI was 93.0 ± 9.1 in non-delirium group and 101.2 ± 8.2 in delirium group. On multivariate logistic regression, Risk of POD increases significantly with low GNRI and was an independent factor in predicting POD following TLIF (OR 0.714; 95% CI 0.540–0.944; p = 0.018). On receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under curve (AUC) for GNRI was 0.738 (95% CI 0.660–0.817). The cutoff value for GNRI according to the Youden index was 96.370 (sensitivity: 66.0%, specificity: 70.4%). Conclusion: Our study indicated that lower GNRI correlated significantly with POD after TLIF. Performing GNRI evaluation prior to TLIF may be an effective approach of predicting the risk for POD among elderly patients with degenerative lumbar diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the reinforcement effect of bolts and cables combined support on 7703 bottom drainage roadway, a three-dimensional numerical model was established by FLAC3D. This study aims to the influence of bolts and cables pre-tightening force and row distance on the stability of surrounding rock of bottom drainage roadway, the destruction-danger zone and the axial force of bolts and cables. Numerical simulation results show that the influence of bolts and cables supporting parameters to mining stress, destruction zone and the distribution characteristics of damage zone can be ignored. With the decrease of the pre-tightening force and row distance, surrounding rock deformation of roadway scale shows a decreasing trend, which shows that the effect of bolts and cables is applying a certain bound pressure to surrounding rock destruction area, preventing the damage zone of surrounding rock from occurring large deformation due to fracture sustained development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic resonance is a phenomenon in which adding random noise to a system enhances the detection or transmission of a weak signal. It occurs when the noise interacts with the system's nonlinearity, thus improving signal-to-noise ratio and increasing sensitivity. Although parametric resonances in an atomic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate have been investigated, the question of whether one can observe stochastic resonance in such a system persists. In this study we propose a scheme for generating stochastic resonance in a cavity-spinor Bose-Einstein condensate coupling system. We demonstrate stochastic resonance through numerical calculations using the mean-field theory and truncated Wigner approximation methods. Furthermore, the characteristics of the system's response to noise and periodic signals are studied in detail. This study unravels a new scheme for observing stochastic resonance via linking atomic many-body physics with cavity quantum electrodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-domain few-shot hyperspectral image classification focuses on learning prior knowledge from a large number of labeled samples from source domains and then transferring the knowledge to the tasks which contain few labeled samples in target domains. Following the metric-based manner, many current methods first extract the features of the query and support samples, and then directly predict the classes of query samples according to their distance to the support samples or prototypes. The relations between samples have not been fully explored and utilized. Different from current works, this paper proposes to learn sample relations on different levels and take them into the model learning process, to improve the cross-domain few-shot hyperspectral image classification. Building on current method of "Deep Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification" which adopts a domain discriminator to deal with domain-level distribution difference, the proposed method applies contrastive learning to learn the class-level sample relations to obtain more discriminable sample features. In addition, it adopts a transformer based cross-attention learning module to learn the set-level sample relations and acquire the attention from query samples to support samples. Our experimental results have demonstrated the contribution of the multi-level relation learning mechanism for few-shot hyperspectral image classification when compared with the state of the art methods. All the codes are available at github https://github.com/HENULWY/STBDIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) are widely used in clinical treatment. For example, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. is commonly known in China as Lei-Gong-Teng which means thunder god vine. This herb is widely distributed in Eastern and Southern China, Korea, and Japan. The natural bioactive compounds of this herb can be extracted and made into tripterygium glycoside tablets. It is one of the most commonly used and effective traditional Chinese herbal medicines against rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nephrotic syndrome (NS), autoimmune hepatis (AIH), and so on. However, many NBCs are difficult to reliably quantify in the serum due to the effects of matrix and RSD. In addition, the targeted compound's internal standard (IS) is rarely sold due to the complex isotope internal standard synthesis pathway. In this study, a new quantitation method for 18O labeling combined with off-line SPE was formulated. We contrasted the recoveries and matrix effects of various separation methods in order to choose the best method. Furthermore, we optimized the conditions for SPE loading and washing. An isotopic internal standard was prepared by the 16O/18O exchanging reaction in order to eliminate the matrix effects. The method's accuracy and precision met the requirements for method validation. The recovery of this method was close to 60%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the high-concentration sample was 2%, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 ng/mL. This method could be used to analyze the clinical serum concentration of demethylzeylasteral. Sixty samples were collected from 10 patients with diabetes nephropathy. The quantitation results of demethylzeylasteral in patients' serum obtained using this method exhibited a correlation between therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and decreased urinary protein. This work may have broad implications for the study of drug metabolism in vivo and the clinical application of low-abundance and difficult-to-quantify NBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy. However, studies to elucidate the longitudinal progression of the neuropathology are limited. We sought to identify brain macrostructural and microstructural alterations in patients with SCA2 using fixel-based analysis (FBA) to better understand its distribution patterns and progression. Methods: We enrolled 9 patients with SCA2 and 16 age- and gender-matched controls. Longitudinal clinical and imaging data were collected at baseline, and 3.5 years later. Fiber density (FD), fiber-bundle cross-section (FC), and a combination of FD and FC (FDC) were calculated. The paired t-test was used to examine longitudinal differences. The associations between fixel-based metrics and clinical variables were explored in SCA2 patients. Results: At baseline, patients with SCA2 displayed multiple white matter tracts with significantly decreased FD, FC, and FDC in the corticospinal tract, cerebellar peduncles, brainstem, corpus callosum, thalamus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex, compared to controls. Over time, many of these macrostructural and microstructural alterations progressed, manifesting lower FD, FC, and FDC in corticospinal tract, middle cerebellar peduncle, brainstem, striatum, fornix, and cingulum. No significant brain white matter alterations were found in the healthy controls over time. There was no association between the FBA-derived metrics and clinical variables in SCA2. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of brain macrostructural and microstructural alterations and of progression over time in SCA2. The FBA-derived metrics may serve as potential biomarkers of SCA2 progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of highway vehicle-bridge coupled vibration analysis, a program for vehicle-bridge coupling vibration analysis of highway bridges is developed using Intel Visual Fortran language. An accurate finite element model of the axle was established by measuring the parameters of the axle test model. And an experimental system of vehicle-bridge coupled vibration was designed. Then, based on theoretical analysis and experimental research, the reliability of the analysis program and test system was verified and analyzed the influence factors of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration test were analyzed, including carriageway location, vehicle-bridge mass ratio and bridge support form were discussed. The results show that: a lateral shift of 10 cm at different lane positions has little effect on the dynamic response of the axle. The axle mass ratio is an important factor affecting the dynamic response of the axle. With a vibration response being most obvious when the mass ratio is between 0.10 and 0.16 during the test process, the vertical acceleration response of bridge bearing 1 model (one end pad bearing, the other end roller bearing) was shown to be significant. This research will provide a helpful reference for others to analyze highway vehicle-bridge coupled vibration in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]