The article presents information on the "Fifteenth Meeting of the European Neurological Society," to be held during June 18-22, 2005, in Vienna, Austria. One oral session of the conference covers neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. According to the session, multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which implies that myelin sheaths are the prime target of the destructive process. It has, however, been noted already in the earliest pathological descriptions of this disease that axons and neurons are also affected. Axonal and neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis is important, since it is a major correlate of permanent functional deficit in the patients.