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Recently, Nanoparticles have supplied diverse challenges to several scientific issues. Nanoparticles dispersed in a variety of conventional fluids can change the flow and heat transmission properties of the fluids. The mathematical technique is used in this work to investigate the MHD water-based nanofluid flow via an upright cone. The heat and mass flux pattern is used in this mathematical model to examine MHD, viscous dissipation, radiation, chemical reactions and suction/injection processes. The finite difference approach was used to find the solution to the basic governing equations. A combination of nanofluids comprising nanoparticles including aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) with a volume fraction of nanoparticles (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04), viscous dissipation ( ϵ = 0.4 , 0.8 ), MHD (M = 0.5, 1.0), radiation (Rd = 0.4, 1.0, 2.0), chemical reaction ( λ = 0.2 , 2.0 ) and heat source/sink ( Δ = - 3 , - 2 , 0.5 , 1 ). The mathematical findings of velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, heat transfer rate as well as Sherwood number distributions are analyzed diagrammatically using non-dimensional flow parameters. It has been discovered that by increasing the value of the radiation parameter, velocity and temperature profiles enhance. The production of safe, high-quality products for consumers across the world depends on vertical cone mixers, from food to medicine, household cleansers to personal hygiene products. Every vertical cone mixer type we provide was especially developed to meet the demands of industry. As the mixer warms up on the slanted surface of the cone while vertical cone mixers are being utilized, the effectiveness of the grinding may be felt. The temperature is transferred along the cone's slant surface as a consequence of the mixture being mixed quickly and repeatedly. This study describes the heat transmission in these events and their parametric properties. The heated cone's temperature is then convective to its surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid silver-alumina (Ag-Al 2 O 3 )/water nanofluid within a corrugated trapezoidal cavity that contains a heat-generating rotating solid cylinder. The hybrid nanofluid flow and convective heat transfer are modelled using a single-phase approach. The governing equations for fluid flow and convective heat transfer are solved using the penalty finite element method. The finite element algorithm was validated against previously published work, and it was found to be in good agreement with the existing literature. We investigate the effects of the Ag and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle diameters and the radius of the heat-generating solid cylinder on streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number. The results of this study reveal that the flow circulation regions near the rotating cylinder are enhanced with increased nanoparticle diameters and cylinder radius. Moreover, the nanofluid temperature and heat transfer rate are increased with reduced nanoparticle diameters and increased cylinder radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a theoretical analysis is performed to address the features of heat and mass transfer phenomena of two-dimensional viscous fluid flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a vertical stretched sheet which contains gyrotactic microorganisms by considering the mixed convection and inclined magnetic field effects. The induced flow features have been considered by triple stratified medium. Additionally thermal radiation effect is included in the energy equation. To make the present study reasonably worthy, impact of Joule heating and heat sink/source is also considered. By applying the defined similarity transformations physical flow system is reduced to nonlinear system. Thereafter, numerical solution with desired accuracy is obtained with the help of RKF-45 method. Graphical representation is done for the flow controlling parameters involved in this analysis. Main observations of the present study are velocity distribution declined with a relaxation time and thermal stratification parameter and motile density profile is promoted by increasing bioconvection Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio. These results are reasonable correlated with the previous findings reported in literature. Based on these scientific reports, this work is relevant to bio-inspired nanofluid-enhanced fuel cells and nanomaterials fabrication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling and computations are performed to study the ND-Co3O4/EG hybrid nanoliquid mixed convective flow past a vertical porous cylinder. The flow analysis and formulation are given accounting for slip effects and homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction impacts. The governing complex equations formed with prescribed boundary conditions are simplified into self-similar equations through the use of suitable transformations. The numerical solutions of the drag coefficient, Nusselt number, liquid velocity, liquid temperature, and the liquid concentration are explored through graphs with the setting of pertaining parameter values. From the results, it is noticed that an ND-Co3O4/EG nanofluid plays a more impressive role in the process of energy transfer than a Co3O4/EG nanofluid. Further, it is found that the heterogeneous reaction parameter decreases the concentration whereas multiple slips enhance the temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entropy production and mixed convection within a trapezoidal nanofluid-filled cavity having a localised solid cylinder is numerically examined using the finite element technique. The top horizontal surface moving at a uniform velocity is kept at a cold temperature, while the bottom horizontal surface is thermally activated. The remaining surfaces are maintained adiabatic. Water-based nanofluids ( Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles) are used in this study, and the Boussinesq approximation applies. The influence of the Reynolds number, Richardson number, nanoparticles volume fraction, dimensionless radius and location of the solid cylinder on the streamlines, isotherms and isentropic are examined. The results show that the solid cylinder's size and location are significant control parameters for optimising the heat transfer and the Bejan number inside the trapezoidal cavity. Furthermore, the maximum average Nusselt numbers are obtained for high R values, where the average Nusselt number is increased by 30% when R is raised from 0 to 0.25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, magnetohydrodynamics mixed convective flow of Ag–MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in a triangular shaped partitioned cavity involving a porous layer is numerically investigated by using the finite element method. In the numerical simulation, various effects of pertinent parameters such as Richardson number (between 0.01 and 100), Hartmann number (between 0 and 60), magnetic field inclination angle (between 0 and 90), Darcy number (between 10 - 4 and 5 × 10 - 2 ), location of the vertex of triangular porous region (between 0.2 and 0.8 H) and hybrid nanoparticle solid volume fraction ( ϕ 1 between 0 and 0.01, ϕ 2 between 0 and 0.01) on the fluid flow and convective heat transfer features are examined. It was observed that a large vortex is established below the main vortex near the upper wall for the lowest value Ri number. At the highest magnetic field strength, multi-recirculation flow pattern is seen in the right bottom corner. The average heat transfer enhances with higher values of permeability of the porous medium, magnetic field inclination angle, distance of the porous layer vertex from the hot wall and solid nanoparticle volume fraction of each particles in the hybrid nanofluid. The impact is reverse for higher values of Richardson number and Hartmann number. In the current work, significant changes in the average Nusselt number are obtained by varying the location of the porous medium. The triangular shaped porous compound can be used as an excellent tool for convective heat transfer control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this numerical investigation was to analyze the entropy generation and natural convection flow under magnetic field in a square enclosure filled with Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid. The enclosure is equipped with a conducting hollow cylinder. The free convective flow in the enclosure is created by a horizontal temperature difference between the vertical left hot wall and the right cold wall under the Boussinesq approximation. The dimensionless equations of steady laminar natural convection flow for Newtonian and incompressible mixture are discretized using the finite volume method. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid are calculated using Corcione correlations taking into consideration the Brownian motion of nanoparticles. Numerical solutions were performed for different values of the nanoparticles volumic concentration, Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, radius ratio, and solid–fluid thermal conductivity ratio. The analyzed results show that inserting a hollow conducting cylinder plays an important role in controlling flow characteristic and heat transfer rate as well as irreversibilities within the cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulation of mixed convection heat transfer in a lid-driven triangular cavity filled with power law nanofluid and with an opening was performed under the effect of an inclined magnetic field. The left vertical wall of the cavity moves in + y-direction, and the bottom wall of the cavity is partially heated. Galerkin weighted residual finite element method was used to solve the governing equations. Influence of Richardson number, Hartmann number, inclination angle, opening ratio and nanoparticle volume fraction on the fluid flow and heat transfer is examined for various power law indices. It was observed that average heat transfer deteriorates as the value of Richardson number and Hartmann number enhances. At the lowest value of Richardson number, the discrepancy between the average heat transfer corresponding to different power law indices is higher. The inclination angle of the magnetic field where the minimum of the average Nusselt number is seen depends on the fluid type. Average heat transfer number is the highest for the highest value of the opening ratio. The average Nusselt number enhances with solid particle volume fraction, and there are slight variations in the reduction in the average Nusselt number when base fluid and nanofluid are considered for various power law indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of a baffle on free convection heat transfer of a water-Fe3O4 nanofluid in a C-shaped enclosure in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated numerically. The enclosure is subjected to a constant magnetic field. The vertical wall on the left side is maintained at a constant hot temperature of Th, and the right one is kept at a constant cold temperature of Tc. The rest of the walls are insulated. The governing equations are discretized by the control volume method and solved simultaneously by the SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical results show very good agreement with other published works. The results indicate that by increasing the enclosure's aspect ratio, the Nusselt number is increased. It is also found that the volume fraction of nanoparticles can be raised in order to achieve increased cooling in the enclosure. By increasing the aspect ratio, the effect of the nanoparticles on the enhancement of the Nusselt number is more pronounced. Also, the maximum effect of the baffle on the heat transfer is seen at the bottom of the hot wall. Generally, increasing the baffle length produces increases in the Nusselt number. The maximum cooling level is occurred for AR = 0.7 and Bf = 0.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]