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Herein, three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/helical carbon nanotubes (RGO/HCNTs) nanocomposites were synthesized by a combined solution-based method and chemical vapor deposition. This synergistic structure of graphene and helical carbon nanotube exhibited large flexibility, rapid transport kinetics, and excellent electrochemical characteristic. The hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on the surface of the RGO/HCNTs nanocomposites for amperometric sensing of HO. The dependence of the electrochemical performance of Hb on the composition of RGO/HCNTs composites is systematically investigated by varying the weight ratio of reduced RGO/HCNTs. Compared with alone graphene or HCNTs electrodes modified with Hb, the catalytic current for HO reduction at the Hb-modified RGO/HCNTs electrode increased due to the increase in the surface coverage of Hb and the excellent electrocatalytic activity of RGO/HCNTs. The constructed biosensor displayed a fast electron transfer of Hb and an excellent electrochemical activity for the detection of HO with high selectivity and sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key step in the fabrication of highly active electrochemical sensors is seeking multifunctional nanocomposites as electrode modified materials. In this study, the gold nanoparticle-decorated helical carbon nanotube nanocomposites (AuNPs-HCNTs) were fabricated for rutin detection because of its superior sensitivity, the chemical stability of AuNPs, and the superior conductivity and unique 3D-helical structure of helical carbon nanotubes. Results showed the prepared nanocomposites exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity towards rutin due to the synergetic effects of AuNPs and HCNTs. Under the optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a linear response range from 0.1 to 31 μmol/L for rutin with a low detectable limit of 81 nmol/L. The proposed method might offer a possibility for electrochemical analysis of rutin in Chinese medical analysis or serum monitoring owing to its low cost, simplicity, high sensitivity, good stability, and few interferences against common coexisting ions in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]