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In this paper, to reduce the computational cost of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method in film-cooling problems, a new method based on the combination of POD method with Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) and Kriging approaches is developed. In the present method, firstly, by combining compressed sensing and POD methods, the optimal basis functions are obtained via low-fidelity calculations. These basis functions are subsequently used in the trend part of the Kriging surrogate model. Then, the trend coefficients and the stochastic Gaussian part are estimated through a limited number of high-fidelity calculations. The performance of the proposed method is investigated on two challenging test cases: 1) film-cooling jet in cross-flow and 2) leading edge film cooling of a gas turbine blade with 7 and 10 uncertain variables, respectively. For the first test case, the new method reduces the computational cost by 91 % and 53.9 % with respect to the full PCE and POD methods. For the second test case, the computational cost reductions are 81 % and 37.9 % in comparison to the full PCE and POD methods, respectively. In general, the proposed method is better in terms of accuracy in comparison to combined POD and compressed sensing, especially in the cases with the lower number of low-fidelity samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the capability of the universal Kriging (UK) model for single-objective global optimization applied within an efficient global optimization (EGO) framework. We implemented this combined UK-EGO framework and studied four variants of the UK methods, that is, a UK with a first-order polynomial, a UK with a second-order polynomial, a blind Kriging (BK) implementation from the ooDACE toolbox, and a polynomial-chaos Kriging (PCK) implementation. The UK-EGO framework with automatic trend function selection derived from the BK and PCK models works by building a UK surrogate model and then performing optimizations via expected improvement criteria on the Kriging model with the lowest leave-one-out cross-validation error. Next, we studied and compared the UK-EGO variants and standard EGO using five synthetic test functions and one aerodynamic problem. Our results show that the proper choice for the trend function through automatic feature selection can improve the optimization performance of UK-EGO relative to EGO. From our results, we found that PCK-EGO was the best variant, as it had more robust performance as compared to the rest of the UK-EGO schemes; however, total-order expansion should be used to generate the candidate trend function set for high-dimensional problems. Note that, for some test functions, the UK with predetermined polynomial trend functions performed better than that of BK and PCK, indicating that the use of automatic trend function selection does not always lead to the best quality solutions. We also found that although some variants of UK are not as globally accurate as the ordinary Kriging (OK), they can still identify better-optimized solutions due to the addition of the trend function, which helps the optimizer locate the global optimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kriging surrogate model, which is frequently employed to apply evolutionary computation to real-world problems, with a coordinate transformation of the design space is proposed to improve the approximation accuracy of objective functions with correlated design variables. The coordinate transformation is conducted to extract significant trends in the objective function and identify the suitable coordinate system based on either one of two criteria: likelihood function or estimated gradients of the objective function to each design variable. Compared with the ordinary Kriging model, the proposed methods show higher accuracy in the approximation of various test functions. The proposed method based on likelihood shows higher accuracy than that based on gradients when the number of design variables is less than six. The latter method achieves higher accuracy than the ordinary Kriging model even for high-dimensional functions and is applied to an airfoil design problem with spline curves as an example with correlated design variables. This method achieves better performances not only in the approximation accuracy but also in the capability to explore the optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]