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As a green material, cellulose is widely used in friction triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the weak polarity of the cellulose fibers surface leads to its weak contact electrification performance, which is not conducive to its utilization in TENGs. In this study, epoxy chloropropane and ethylenediamine were grafted onto cellulose fibers to form paper and were assembled with an Fluorinated ethylene propylene film. The output voltage, current, and surface charge density were 34.9%, 26.7%, and 16.7% higher than those of ordinary paper, respectively. When 20% nano TiO2 filler was added to the paper made from amino-modified cellulose fibers, the output voltage, current, and surface charge density of the TENG increased by 70.9%, 226.7%, and 122.2%, respectively, compared with ordinary paper. As the air humidity of the TENG increased from 60 to 90%, the output voltage, current, and surface charge density were maintained at 53.7%, 38.9%, and 61.0%, respectively. When a 5 × 107 Ω resistor was connected to the working circuit, its output power reached 13.78 μ W cm2. This showed that cellulose as a green material has wide application prospects in the field of TENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]