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Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink fluxes (CCSF), and the contributions of climate change and ecological restoration to the CCSF are not clear. To this end, we compiled published site data on ion concentrations in different watersheds in China and used a classical thermodynamic dissolution model to reassess the potential and spatial and temporal patterns of the CCSF in China from 1991 to 2020. We quantified the contributions of temperature (MAT), precipitation (MAP), evapotranspiration (ET), soil water (SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to the CCSF. The results revealed that (1) China's CCSF was 22.76 t CO2 km−2 yr−1, which was higher than the global average (15.771CO2 km−2 yr−1). The total carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink (CCS) was 4772.67×104 t CO2, contributing 14.91% of the global CCS through a carbonate rock area of 252.98×104 km−2. (2) China's CCSF decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, with values of 33.14, 12.93, and 7.27 t CO2 km−2 yr−1 in the southern karst, Qinghai-Tibetan karst, and northern karst regions, respectively. (3) The overall CCSF in China exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020, with a rate of increase of 0.16 t CO2 km−2 yr−1. (4) The contributions of the MAP, MAT, ET, SM, and NDVI to the CCSF were 63.3%, 3.02%, 27.5%, 3.1%, and 3.05%, respectively. Among them, the increase in precipitation was the main contributor to the increase in the CCSF in China over the last 30 years, while the enhancement of ET offset part of the positive contribution of the increase in precipitation to the CCSF. In conclusion, the results of this study provide a systematic quantification of the magnitude, the patterns, and the influencing factors of CCS over a long time series in China. The results are of great significance and provide a reference for the diagnosis and gap analysis of the national and global carbon neutrality capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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People with booster vaccination only had the lowest serum neutralization activity, with almost undetectable titers against BQ.1, BQ.1.1, CA.3.1, CH.1.1, XBB.1, and XBB.1.5. For instance, the neutralization GMTs against BA.2 dropped ~2-3-fold in BA.2 breakthrough infection groups, compared to the ~7-fold in the booster vaccination or Delta breakthrough infection groups (Fig. When comparing the BA.2 breakthrough infection with the Delta breakthrough infection (both groups had the same 2-dose vaccination history), the BA.2 breakthrough infection sera kept higher titers against BA.2 and BA.5, as well as some of their descendant viruses (Supplementary Fig. Certain BA.2 descendant viruses, such as BA.2.75.2, BN.1, CA.3.1, CH.1.1, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 exhibited stronger evasion from the BA.5 breakthrough infection sera, but they still retained GMTs ~200 or higher (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem, especially in the arid and semiarid regions of northeastern China, which are heavily affected by soda saline–alkaline stress. At present, there is an urgent need to improve the soda saline–alkaline stress tolerance of rice. Results: Stress-associated proteins are involved in regulating the abiotic stresses in plants. There are 18 members of the rice stress-associated protein (OsSAP) gene family. In this study, the expression levels of OsSAP6 in leaves and roots were upregulated with increasing NaHCO3 stress duration. OsSAP6 was located in nucleus and cytoplasm. The bud length and total root length of OsSAP6 overexpression rice were significantly longer than those of Lj11 (Oryza sativa longjing11) during germination stage, and the survival rates, plant height and malondialdehyde content at the seedling stage showed tolerance growth of saline–alkaline stress. The expression of OsCu/Zn-SOD, OsAPX2, and OsCAT1 in transgenic lines was increased significantly under SAE (soda saline–alkali soil eluent) stress. OsSAP6 interacts with OsPK5 according to yeast two-hybrid screening and luciferase complementation experiments. The expression of OsPK5 increased under NaHCO3 and H2O2 stress, and the overexpression of OsPK5 in rice improved soda saline–alkaline tolerance. Conclusion: Overexpression of OsSAP6 in rice significantly enhanced saline–alkaline tolerance compared with the wild type. It is speculated that OsSAP6 responds to soda salinity stress and interacts with OsPK5 to positively regulate soda saline–alkaline tolerance through ROS homeostasis. This study revealed the features of OsSAP6 involved in response to soda saline–alkaline stress and the interaction with OsPK5, which provided resources for breeding aimed at improving the soda saline–alkaline stress tolerance of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) cessation is not widely practiced and remains a controversial, but highly relevant subject in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). We aimed to explore the related factors for safe NAs cessation.Methods: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study. Overall, 139 initially HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients meeting the stopping criteria were included in 12 hospitals in China. Enrolled patients ceased NAs and were followed up every 3 months for 24 months or until clinical relapse (CR).Results: The 24 month cumulative rates of virological relapse (VR), CR, HBeAg reversion and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) loss were 50.4, 24.5, 11.5 and 9.4%, respectively. Patients with end of treatment (EOT) HBsAg  < 100 IU/mL plus negative HBV RNA had the lowest 24 month cumulative VR rate (5 vs 58%, p < 0.001). EOT HBsAg  ≥ 2 log10 IU/mL [odds ratio (OR) = 6.686, p = 0.006], EOT positive HBV RNA (OR = 3.453, p = 0.008) and EOT hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg)  ≥ 4log U/mL (OR = 3.702, p = 0.002) were found to independently predict the risk of VR. To predict VR, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) value of the EOT HBsAg  < 100 IU/mL plus EOT HBV RNA negative was 0.698 (p < 0.001), which was higher than other parameters alone or combinations.Conclusions: NAs cessation is suitable only for a small and selected patients. An EOT HBsAg  < 100 IU/mL and EOT negative HBV RNA identified a patient with low risk of off-treatment VR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting young children could be stressful at times and parenting stress could have an impact on parenting styles and child behavior problems which could lead to difficulties in later life. Therefore, the relationship among these three factors is worthy of examination. In this study we aim to examine the direct relationship between parenting stress, parenting styles, and perceived child behavior problems; and to investigate a model that illustrates the mediating role of negative (authoritarian and permissive) parenting styles on the relationship between parenting stress and perceived child behavior problems in China. A total of 371 parents with preschool age children (3 to 7 years old) were recruited. The results showed higher level of parenting stress was associated with higher level of reported child behavior problems. Parenting stress was positively related to negative parenting styles, and negative parenting styles partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and child behavior problems. Findings from this study suggested that reducing parenting stress, improving parenting behaviors such as parenting styles, and enhancing parent-child relationship through early support (e.g., parenting skills training) are of vital importance and mutual benefits to the parents, children, and family relationships at large. Highlights: This study examines the relationships of parenting styles with parenting stress and child behavior problems in Chinese context. Parenting stress was positively associated with child behavior problems. Parenting stress was positively related to negative parenting styles. Negative parenting styles partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and child behavior problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]