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Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ten water samples (four pairs of tap water with source water and two additional tap water) were analyzed and a US EPA algorithm was used to estimate their associated human health risks. Organochlorine pesticides were found in most samples analyzed. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 4.8 to 84.4 and 0.7 to 53.8 ng/l, for source and tap water, respectively. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessments were employed for various trace organic pollutants in the tap water. The results indicated that carcinogenic risk for male and female lifetime of tap water from XuZh (XZ) city was higher than the others. XZ located in the northern part of Jiangsu province, which takes ground water as the water source. Children were more vulnerable to the carcinogenic chemicals than adults. Carcinogenic risks for male children (0-14 years old) in XZ were the highest, reaching 3.68 × 10. Contribution analysis showed that dibenz[a,h]anthracene contributed most to the carcinogenic risk in XZ city, and α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH posed the most carcinogenic risk in tap water from GoHu (GH) in Eastern Taihu Lake. Additionally, noncarcinogenic risks posed by the detected chemicals to local people were negligible. Risk alleviation strategies should be adopted, taking into account the results of these health risk assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geologic and geomorphologic evidence from the Shaluli Mountain indicates that the planation surface that formed in the Late Tertiary disintegrated during the Late Pliocene-Early Quaternary. At the same time, rift basins appeared on some parts of the planation surface, and began to accumulate fluvial-lacustrine sediment. These are interpreted as being the response of this region to Phase-A of the Qingzang Tectonic Movement. After this, the Shaluli Mountain continued to rise in several pulses. Faulting and incision by some large tributaries of the Jinsha and Yalong Rivers resulted in several rift river valleys and the earliest terraces. Generally, the planation surface in this region had been uplifted to about 3500–3700 m a.s.l. no later than 550–600 ka BP, after the Kunlun­Huanghe Tectonic Movement, and coupled with global glacial climate, and resulted in the earliest glaciation recognized so far in the Hengduan Mountains. At the same time, loess was deposited in the Ganzi area of the northern Shaluli Mountain. During the last glacial period, the Shaluli Mountain approached its present altitude and developed several large ice caps, such as the Daocheng Ice Cap and Xinlong Ice Cap, as well as several huge valley glaciers. These paleoglaciers produced some of the most spectacular glacial topography on the Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]