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Background and Aims: Reduced body muscle mass is a poor prognostic factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia at diagnosis and its clinical significance in Korean patients with IBD. Methods: The prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients between June 1989 and December 2016 was investigated using a well-characterized referral center-based cohort. Abdominopelvic computed tomography within six months from IBD diagnosis was used for the evaluation. Sarcopenia was defined as an L3 skeletal muscle index of < 49 cm2/m2 for male and < 31 cm2/m2 for female. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated with respect to sarcopenia. Results: A total of 1,027 patients (854 Crohn's disease [CD]; 173 ulcerative colitis [UC]) were evaluated. Sarcopenia was found in 56.8% of the population (CD, 57.5%; UC, 53.2%), and male were more likely to be sarcopenic (CD, 94.3%; UC, 91.6%). There were no significant differences in the cumulative risk of using steroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and bowel resections (or colectomy) with or without sarcopenia during follow-up (median: CD, 5.8 years; UC, 3.7 years). In sarcopenic patients with CD, there was a significantly higher cumulative risk of perianal surgeries than in non-sarcopenic patients with CD (Log-rank test; P = 0.001). However, the risk of perianal surgeries was not significant in multivariate analysis (Odds ratio 1.368; 95% confidence interval 0.782–2.391; P = 0.272). Conclusion: Sarcopenia at diagnosis may have no significant prognostic value for medical treatment and bowel resection, but it may be associated with perianal CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-positive bacterium (DCY118T) was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang-gun, Republic of Korea. This isolate was assigned to the genus Ornithinimicrobium and is closely related to Ornithinimicrobium kibberense K22-20T (98.8%), O. pekingense DSM 21552T (98.5%), O. algicola JC311T (98.2%), and O. humiphilum DSM 12362T (97.9%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. However, strain DCY118T showed < 55% DNA-DNA homology with closely related reference strains. Cells were non-motile, non-sporulating, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, short rods, and cocci, and produced light-yellow, circular, and smooth colonies on TSA medium. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, and C16:0. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), an unknown phospholipid (PL1), an unknown amino lipid (AL1), and unidentified polar lipids (L1-5). The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.1 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained L-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole-cell sugars were composed of glucose, arabinose, and xylose. Overall, data collected from phenotypic and genotypic tests during this study indicated that strain DCY118T could not be assigned to a recognized species. Strain DCY118T showed antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogens causing root rot in ginseng, i.e., Fusarium solani (KACC 44891T) and Cylindrocarpon destructans (KACC 44660T). The results from this study confirm the DCY118T strain as a new species within the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium panacihumi is proposed. The type strain is DCY118T (=KCTC 39962T=JCM 32156T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Gram-reaction positive-, catalase and oxidase negative-, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, DCY120T, was isolated from the gut of honeybee (Apis cerana) in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Strain DCY120T belongs to the genus Bombilactobacillus and is moderately related to Bombilactobacillus mellis Hon2T (94.1% similarity), Bombilactobacillus bombi BTLCH M1/2T (93.8%), and Bombilactobacillus mellifer Bin4NT (93.5%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The genome of strain DCY120T was sequenced and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain DCY120T and the related Bombilactobacillus type strains were below the threshold value (95–96%) for species delineation. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω9c, Summed C19:1ω6c/C19:0 cyclo ω10c/C19:0ω6 and Summed C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one glycolipid (GL), and one unidentified aminophospholipid (APL). The amino acids in peptidoglycan of strain DCY120T were lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. In conclusion, the description of phenotypic and genotypic properties support strain DCY120T as a novel species within the genus Bombilactobacillus, for which the name Bombilactobacillus apium sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY120T (= KCTC 43194T = JCM 34006T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the natural history of perianal fistulas in Asian populations with Crohn's disease (CD).Aims: We investigated the incidence and outcomes of perianal CD (pCD) in Korean CD patients.Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort of 6265 CD patients diagnosed in 2010-2014 was analyzed to investigate the incidence and outcomes of pCD. The results were validated in a hospital-based cohort of 2923 CD patients diagnosed in 1981-2015. Factors associated with pCD development were analyzed. The incidence and outcomes of pCD were compared between the prebiologic and biologic eras.Results: pCD occurred in 39.2% of the population-based cohort and 56.1% of the hospital-based cohort during the median follow-up of 4.2 and 8.5 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of pCD was 40.0% at 5 years after CD diagnosis in the population-based cohort and 62.5% at 20 years in the hospital-based cohort. In multivariate analysis, pCD development was positively associated with male sex, younger age and colonic involvement at diagnosis, early diagnosis, and CD diagnosis in the prebiologic era. The cumulative probability of proctectomy at 10, 20, and 30 years after pCD diagnosis was 2.9%, 12.2%, and 16.2%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of pCD occurring after CD diagnosis and the cumulative probability of proctectomy were significantly lower in the biologic era than in the prebiologic era (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively).Conclusions: Compared with Western patients with CD, Korean patients show a high incidence of pCD but have a low probability of proctectomy, suggesting the favorable course of pCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel bacterial strain designated DCY116T was isolated from ginseng-cultivated soil in Gochang-gun, Republic of Korea. Strain DCY116T, belongs to the genus Rhizobium, and is closely related to Rhizobium yantingense H66T (98.3%), Neorhizobium huautlense S02T (98.2%), Rhizobium soli DS-42T (98.1%), Rhizobium smilacinae PTYR-5T (97.9%), and Neorhizobium alkalisoli CCBAU 01393T (97.9%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Analysis of the housekeeping genes atpD, recA, and glnII showed low levels of sequence similarity (96.8%) between strain DCY116T and other closely related species. Strain DCY116T was Gram-stain negative, motile by peritrichous flagella, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. Q-10 was the predominant ubiquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unknown lipid (L1-3). Genomic DNA G + C content of strain DCY116T was determined to be 57.2 mol%. DNA-DNA homology values between strain DCY116T and closely related species of the genus Rhizobium were lower than 40%. Strain DCY116T produced indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and was able to solubilize phosphate as a potential plant growth promoting bacterium. In conclusion, the results of this study support strain DCY116T as a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium panacihumi is proposed. The type strain is DCY116T (= KCTC 62017T = JCM 32251T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incidence of and risk factors for intestinal free perforation (FP) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are not established.Aim: To establish rate of and risk factors for FP in a large cohort of CD patients.Methods: Medical records of CD patients who visited Asan Medical Center from June 1989 to December 2012 were reviewed. After matching the FP patients to controls (1:4) by gender, year, and age at CD diagnosis, and disease location, their clinical characteristics were compared using conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: Among 2043 patients who were included in our study cohort, 44 patients (2.15%) developed FP over a median follow-up period of 79.8 months (interquartile range 37.3-124.6), with an incidence of 3.18 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.37-4.28]. All 44 patients underwent emergency surgery, and eight patients underwent reoperation within 12 months (8/44, 18.2%). Multivariable-adjusted analysis revealed that anti-TNF therapy [odds ratio (OR), 3.73; 95% CI 1.19-11.69; p = 0.024] was associated with an increased risk of FP.Conclusions: The incidence of FP in a large cohort of Korean CD patients was 2.15%, which was similar to that in Western reports. Anti-TNF therapy could be risk factors for FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: To date, no large-scale studies have evaluated long-term outcomes of infliximab (IFX) treatment in Korean patients with Crohn's disease (CD).Methods: We analyzed long-term clinical responses to IFX in 582 Korean CD patients who received scheduled IFX treatments at Asan Medical Center. Clinical responses were defined as maintaining IFX without major abdominal surgery (MAS) or dose intensification.Results: Between February 2002 and July 2015, a total of 11,990 IFX infusions were administered to 582 Korean patients with CD over a median period of 36 months. At the end of follow-up, 316 (54.3 %) were still receiving IFX without MAS (71 patients, 12.2 %) or dose intensification (86 patients, 14.8 %). IFX was stopped in 109 (18.7 %) patients because of a loss of response (48 patients, 8.2 %), adverse events (30 patients, 5.2 %), or patient preferences or problems with reimbursement (31 patients, 5.3 %). The cumulative survival for maintenance of IFX without MAS or dose intensification was 89.0, 75.9, 68.3, and 50.8 % at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis identified older age at the initiation of IFX (≥40 years, P = 0.006) and a longer disease duration (≥3 years, P = 0.020) as independent positive predictors of a poorer response to IFX.Conclusions: The long-term efficacy of IFX in a large, real-life cohort of Korean patients with CD appears to be similar to that in previously published Western studies. Our findings support the early use of IFX to obtain better clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]