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Thermography is often used to determine the effect of training and the risk of injury following training. However, thermograms taken at different intervals following exercise give different results. To determine the hourly variation in skin temperature in the upper and lower body immediately after strength training. A secondary objective was to determine if there are any bilateral differences for each area and moment of temperature recording. A longitudinal study design was employed to study the evolution of skin temperature over 8 h following an exercise protocol consisting of four sets of ten repetitions of the bench press, the leg press, the flat bench cable fly, and the leg extension. The sample consisted of fourteen physically active university students. Thermograms were recorded with a T335 FLIR® infrared camera (FLIR® Systems, Sweden). The temperatures from 24 regions of interest (ROIs) were obtained from the 78 anatomical regions provided by the Termotracker® software (ThermoHuman, Spain). A repeated-measures analysis of variance with planned repeated contrast tests was used to determine the effect of successive changes in temperature. Significant differences in body temperature over time were found in both the upper and lower body. No significant bilateral differences were found. Thermal images taken after training are affected by when they are taken, as the results show that in the trunk, the arms, and the legs the skin temperature drops significantly immediately after the exercise, then increases to the initial pre-exercise temperature and continues to increase in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an early marker of cardiac disease in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), but few studies have analyzed longitudinal trends. We conducted a prospective 3-year follow-up study in pediatric CKD and kidney transplant (CKD-T) patients. Methods: The patient cohort comprised 30 CKD and 42 CKD-T patients. The results of annual clinical and echocardiographic analyses using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and pulse wave Doppler (PWD) were assessed, and associations to predictive risk factors were studied using multivariate modeling. Results: The mean age of CKD and CKD-T patients at inclusion was 9.8 ± 4.4 and 11.8 ± 4.3 years, respectively; the glomerular filtration rate was 35.3 ± 18.3 and 60.3 ± 18.8 mL/min/1.73 m, respectively. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), as assessed using TDI (lateral z-score e′) was 7.1 and 12.5 % in CKD and CKD-T patients, respectively; the corresponding values with PWD E were 3.3 and 2.4 %, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, both TDI and PWD markers of diastolic function worsened over the follow-up period; following adjustments, an elevated systolic ambulatory blood pressure was the most important predictor of cardiac disease. Conclusions: Children with CKD show early signs of LVDD, with TDI being more sensitive than PWD in terms of diagnostic potential. An increased ambulatory systolic blood pressure predicted progression in diastolic function, suggesting opportunities for future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine factors affecting morbidity after tonsillectomy in children. Data from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden on 18,712 patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without simultaneous adenoidectomy between 1 and 18 years of age were analysed. This register includes data on sex, gender, surgical indication, and the surgical and haemostasis techniques used for each patient, as well as patient-reported outcomes for haemorrhage, analgesic use and antibiotic use. Comparison of patients who underwent surgery for infection versus upper airway obstruction revealed a significant increase in haemorrhage complications in the infection group. However, no significant difference remained after the adjustments for confounders in multivariable regression analysis. Instead, the increased risk among patients who underwent surgery for infection was mainly attributable to the use of bipolar diathermy and increased patient age. Patients who received surgery for infection reported more days of analgesic use, as well as more unplanned contacts with a health care service provider due to pain, compared with those who underwent surgery for upper airway obstruction. These results remained significant in multivariate analysis. The use of bipolar diathermy for haemostasis resulted in an increased risk, while the use of cold steel surgical instruments, a younger patient age and female sex led to a decreased risk. The surgical and haemostasis techniques used are the most important factors that affect morbidity after tonsillectomy in the paediatric age group. The choice of surgical techniques is of utmost importance for decreasing morbidity in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tonsillotomy (TT) is now used more often than tonsillectomy (TE) for tonsil obstructive symptoms in Sweden. Both TE and TT give high patient satisfaction although TT results in fewer postoperative bleedings and shorter time when analgesics are needed. The objective of this study is to analyze the current prevalence of different tonsil surgery procedures, the rates of early and late bleeding and other complications. Data from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden were analyzed. Patients 1-15 years operated for symptoms due to tonsil hypertrophy were included. Surgical procedure, technique and bleedings during hospital stay were registered. Thirty days after surgery, unplanned contacts due to bleeding, infection or pain were reported as were symptom relief after 6 months. 24,083 patients were registered. Of the 10,826 children 1-15 years operated for obstructive symptoms, 64 % were TT or TT+A, and 34 % TE, TE+A. 69 % answered the 30-day questionnaire and 50 % the 6 months. Bleeding in hospital occurred in 1.38 %, late bleedings in 2.06 %: 3.7 % after TE+A, 0.8 % after TT+A. Differences in readmissions due to bleeding, number of days using analgesics, health care contacts due to pain and nosocomial infections were significant between TT and TE, but not differences with regard to symptom relief after 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]