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Two new isobenzofurans, 5-(methoxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-furo[3,4-h]chromen-7(9H)-one (1) and 5-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-furo[3,4-h]chromen-7(9H)-one (2), together with two known isobenzofurans (3 and 4), were isolated from the roots of Yunnan local sun cured tobacco. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results revealed that compound 4 showed strong inhibition with IZD of 16.5 ± 2.2. Compounds 1–3 also showed good inhibition with IZD of 13.6 ± 2.0, 14.0 ± 2.3, and 11.8 ± 1.6 mm, respectively. Compounds 1–4 were also tested for their antioxidant activity, and they showed good antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 4.38, 4.57, 4.46, and 4.28 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spectrum-STI model, structured by sub-groups within a population, was used in a workshop in Yunnan, China, to estimate provincial trends in active syphilis in 15 to 49-year-old adults. Syphilis prevalence data from female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and lower-risk women and men in Yunnan were identified through literature searches and local experts. Sources included antenatal care clinic screening, blood donor screening, HIV/STI bio-behavioural surveys, sentinel surveillance, and epidemiology studies. The 2017 provincial syphilis prevalence estimates were 0.26% (95% confidence interval 0.17–0.34%) in women and 0.28% (0.20–0.36%) in men. Estimated prevalence was 6.8-fold higher in FSW (1.69% (0.68–3.97%) than in lower-risk women (0.25% (0.18–0.35%)), and 22.7-fold higher in MSM (5.35% (2.74–12.47%) than in lower-risk men (0.24% (0.17–0.31%). For all populations, the 2017 estimates were below the 2005 estimates, but differences were not significant. In 2017 FSW and MSM together accounted for 9.3% of prevalent cases. These estimates suggest Yunnan's STI programs have kept the overall prevalence of syphilis low, but prevalence remains high in FSW and MSM. Strengthening efforts targeting FSW and MSM, and identification of other risk populations e.g. among heterosexual men, are critical to reduce syphilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]