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Wheat powdery mildew possesses a significant threat to wheat crops not only on a global scale but also in the northern region of Pakistan. Recognizing the need for effective measures, the exploration and utilization of exotic germplasm take on critical importance. To address this, a series of trials were made to investigate the response of 30 European (EU) lines, in addition to the local checks (Siran, Atta-Habib (AH) and Ghanimat-e-IBGE) against wheat powdery mildew at the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The study involved field testing from 2018 to 2022 across multiple locations, resulting in 38 different environments (location × year). In addition to field evaluations, molecular genotyping was also performed. The disease was absent on the tested lines during 2018, 2019, and 2020 whereas it ranged from 0 to 100% at Chitral location during 2021, where 100% was observed only for one EU wheat line "Matrix." The disease prevailed only at Gilgit location (0–60% for EU wheat line "F236") and at Nagar location (0–10% for EU wheat lines Substance and Nelson) during the disease season of 2022. Most of the EU wheat lines showed very low ACI values, due to an overall low disease pressure. Matrix showed the maximum ACI (1.54) followed by Ritter (1.25) and Bli_autrichion (0.87), whereas the minimum (0.1) was for Substance, JB_Asano, and KWS_Loft followed by Canon (0.19), all exhibiting partial resistance. The molecular marker-based screening revealed that Pm38 was the most prevalent and detected in 100% of wheat lines followed by Pm39 (60%) and Pm8 (30%). Six wheat lines (20%) possessed all three Pm genes (Pm8, Pm38, and Pm39) concurrently. The variability observed in this study can be utilized in future breeding efforts aimed at developing resistant wheat varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a small, single-stranded RNA virus with a 9.6 kb genome, is one of the most common causes of liver diseases. Sequencing of the 5ʹ untranslated region (UTR) is usually used for HCV genotyping, but it is less important in numerous subtypes due to its scarce sequence variations. This study aimed to identify genotypes using the 5ʹ UTR of HCV from cirrhotic patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Serum RNA samples (44) were screened by real time PCR to determine the HCV viral load. Nested PCR was performed to identify cDNA and the 5ʹ UTR. The HCV 5′ UTR was sequenced using the Sanger method. MEGA-7 software was used to analyze evolutionary relatedness. After 5ʹ UTR sequencing, 26 samples (59%) were identified as genotype 3, and 2 samples (6%) were identified as genotypes 1, 2 and 4. The most predominant genotype was 3a, and genotype 4 was rarely reported in the phylogenetic tree. Analysis of the HCV 5ʹ UTR is an efficient alternative method for confirmation of various genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that genotype 3 was dominant in the area of KP, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce a new type of contraction and prove certain coincidence point theorems which generalize some known results in this area. As an application, we derive some new fixed point theorems for F-contractions. The article also includes an example which shows the validity of our main result and an application in which we prove an existence and uniqueness of a solution for a general class of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, owing to the concept of F-contraction, we define two new classes of functions $M(S,T)$ and $N(S,T)$, and we prove some new fixed point results for single-valued and multivalued mappings in complete metric spaces. Our results extend, generalize and unify several known results in the literature. We include an example to show that the generalization is proper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recall the concepts of {α, ξ}-contractive and α-admissible mappings on complete metric spaces to state related fixed point theorems. In this paper, we obtain some fixed point results for {α, ξ}-expansive locally contractive mappings in complete metric spaces. The contractiveness of the mapping is only on a closed ball instead of the whole space. Our results unify, generalize, and complement various well-known comparable results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to establish certain new fixed point results for multi-valued as well as single-valued maps satisfying an α-ψ-contractive conditions in complete metric space. As an application, we derive some new fixed point theorems for ψ-graphic contractions defined on a metric space endowed with a graph as well as an ordered metric space. The presented results complement and extend some very recent results proved by Asl et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2012:212, 2012) and Samet et al. (Nonlinear Anal. 75:2154-2165, 2012) as well as other theorems given by Hussain et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:212, 2013). Some comparative examples are constructed which illustrate the superiority of our results to the existing ones in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]