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Conservation of the Amur leopards in the wild is essential to maintain the genetic diversity among them and is also essential because they are the rarest of all the wild cats surviving in Earth. It has been found that the co-existence of tigers could have turned into the most dominant threat, thus also making the anthropogenic threat and the resultant inbreeding rank next to it. A more effective conservation could be ensured by re-introducing the Amur leopards from both ex situ and in situ sources into a new locality that meets all the required and favourable conditions. Such a place has to be chosen in such a manner that it fulfils all the following conditions such as by (a) belonging to a forest area, (b) being within the limits of average annual temperature and elevation similar to those that had existed in their original habitats, (c) having water bodies within the reach, (d) having the least possible degree of anthropogenic threats, (e) not having a co-existing tiger population, and (f) having their respective area measurements to be greater than the average home range of a leopard's family during its lifetime. After filtering the entire forest land of both Russia, China, and North Korea, it was combinedly found that there are seven boundaries in Russia and North Korea that met all the conditions mentioned above. Hence, these boundaries could preferably be chosen for the future re-introduction of the Amur leopards to protect it from the danger of extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data from camera traps installed throughout the model territory in southwest Primorye, information was received during an annual cycle on the presence of individually identified Amur leopards in the area of study. Analysis of the data using a combination of different techniques has determined the mutual spatial arrangement and sizes of approximated home ranges for both male and female leopards. The dataset of individually identified animals proves sufficient in describing the social organization of the studied group of Amur leopard using the spatial overlapping of individual home ranges as a characteristic of social relationships. Each individual home range overlaps with several home ranges belonging to both individuals of the opposite and same sex, with the overlapped portion larger in males than in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amur leopard Panthera pardus orientalis is one of the most endangered cat subspecies in the world. The rare leopard is sympatric with Amur tiger Panthera tigris altaica and their prey in human dominated landscape. To conserve the felid species, it is important to understand the activity patterns of Amur leopards, including its interactions with Amur tigers, prey, and human activities. We used a data set from 163 camera traps to quantify the spatial-temporal overlap between Amur leopards, Amur tigers, prey species, and human disturbances (e.g., humans presence on foot, vehicles, domestic dogs, and cattle grazing) from January to December 2013 in the Hunchun Nature Reserve, NE China. Our results indicated that leopards were more active in daytime and twilight; the seasonal spatial-temporal overlaps between leopards and tigers were lower than that between leopards and their prey species. Human activities and cattle grazing could influence the spatial distribution and activity patterns of the leopards, and therefore, the conservation actions should focus on reduction of human disturbances to minimize the impacts to Amur leopard activity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]