1. Plasmodium falciparum infection during dry season: IgG responses to Anopheles gambiae salivary gSG6-P1 peptide as sensitive biomarker for malaria risk in Northern Senegal
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Samy Boutouaba-Combe, Anne-Marie Schacht, Emmanuel Hermann, Anne Poinsignon, Franck Remoue, André B. Sagna, Gilles Riveau, Ngor Faye, Jean Biram Sarr, Lobna Gaayeb, Simon Senghor, Espoir Pour La Santé (EPLS), 269 Route de la corniche-Centre de Recherche Biomédicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Générale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ABS was supported by a fellowships provided by CRB-EPLS. This research was supported by the Biomedical Research Center Espoir Pour La Santé (EPLS) and the Research Institute for Development (IRD-Direction de la Valorisation au Sud) with a financial participation of the FSD 'Fond Social de Développement', (BIOMARQPAL ref 2008-5901) Embassy of France in Senegal., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), BMC, Ed., Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI)
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Male ,pre-elimination ,Anopheles gambiae ,Dry season ,0302 clinical medicine ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Longitudinal Studies ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Child ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Anti-salivary peptide ,Anopheles ,Senegal ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Anopheles exposure ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Insect Proteins ,Female ,Malaria pre-elimination ,Seasons ,Plasmodium falciparum ,030231 tropical medicine ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Context (language use) ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Salivary Proteins and Peptides ,Plasmodium infection ,030304 developmental biology ,Senegal River Valley ,Research ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Malaria ,Parasitology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Asymptomatic carrier ,Biomarkers - Abstract
International audience; BACKGROUND: The Northern part of Senegal is characterized by a low and seasonal transmission of malaria. However, some Plasmodium falciparum infections and malaria clinical cases are reported during the dry season. This study aims to assess the relationship between IgG antibody (Ab) responses to gSG6-P1 mosquito salivary peptide and the prevalence of P. falciparum infection in children during the dry season in the Senegal River Valley. The positive association of the Ab response to gSG6-P1, as biomarker of human exposure to Anopheles vector bite, and P. falciparum infectious status (uninfected, infected-asymptomatic or infected-symptomatic) will allow considering this biomarker as a potential indicator of P. falciparum infection risk during the dry season. METHODS: Microscopic examination of thick blood smears was performed in 371 and 310 children at the start (January) and at the end (June) of the dry season, respectively, in order to assess the prevalence of P. falciparum infection. Collected sera were used to evaluate IgG response to gSG6-P1 by ELISA. Association between parasitological and clinical data (infected-asymptomatic or infected-symptomatic) and the anti-gSG6-P1 IgG levels were evaluated during this period. RESULTS: The prevalence of P. falciparum infection was very low to moderate according to the studied period and was higher in January (23.5%) compared to June (3.5%). Specific IgG response was also different between uninfected children and asymptomatic carriers of the parasite. Children with P. falciparum infection in the dry season showed higher IgG Ab levels to gSG6-P1 than uninfected children. CONCLUSIONS: The results strengthen the hypothesis that malaria transmission is maintained during the dry season in an area of low and seasonal transmission. The measurement of IgG responses to gSG6-P1 salivary peptide could be a pertinent indicator of human malaria reservoir or infection risk in this particular epidemiological context. This promising immunological marker could be useful for the evaluation of the risk of P. falciparum exposure observed during dry season and, by consequences, could be used for the survey of potential pre-elimination situation.
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