Search

Transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids that decode messenger RNA sequences and are directly involved in protein synthesis by carrying amino acids to the ribosome. However, the chloroplast genome needs to better understand tRNAs' phylogeny and evolutionary mechanisms. The present study aimed to delineate the novel structural variations and evolutionary characteristics in the chloroplast genome tRNAs of thirty-six Sapindaceae species. Several novel tRNA structures were identified in the Sapindaceae chloroplast genome. The length of tRNAs ranged from 64 to 93 nucleotides, containing 27–29 anticodons. Pair-wise sequence results showed the conserved nucleotide consensus sequence U-U-C-x-A–x-U in Sapindaceae. The structural analysis revealed that, except for a few tRNAs (tRNAHis, tRNAGly, tRNAThr, tRNAPhe, tRNATry, tRNAMet, and tRNAPro), all contained a G nucleotide at the 1st position in the acceptor's arm of tRNAs secondary structure. The rate of transition and transversion of tRNAs are Iso-acceptor-specific. Evolutionary analysis revealed that Sapindaceae chloroplast tRNAs might have evolved polyphyletically with a high percentage of gene loss. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the chloroplast genome's tRNAs evolved from several common ancestors. At the same time, tRNAVal and tRNAMet appear to be the ancestral tRNAs that underwent duplication diversification to give rise to other tRNAs. Our findings will help us understand the evolution of the tRNA and suggest a key role in chloroplast tRNA biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global concern for a transition to a sustainable construction approach is imminent and highly important. This research aims to identify a justifiable strategy to improve sustainable construction success. To enhance the success rate of sustainability, important factors contributing to the cause such as project management, integrated approaches, and modern methods of construction (MMC) are studied. The core ideology is to understand the relational attributes of these factors, their significance, and the mediating effect of modern methods of construction (MMC) in sustainable project success. A deductive research approach is undertaken, by performing a web-based self-administered quantitative questionnaire survey with 5-point Likert scale. The survey adopts the snowball purposive sampling technique to collect data from construction professionals like project managers, architects, contractors, researchers, etc. The survey recorded a total of 149 responses, majorly from the UK, forming the base for several statistical data analysis techniques, supporting the formulation of research findings. Structural equation modeling is the cardinal analysis approach carried out to draw relational values between the principal research factors. The findings of the research highlight that both project management and integrated approaches display a significant positive relationship with sustainable construction project success. It is observed that project management and integrated approaches have positive impact on sustainable construction success with R = 0.208 and R = 0.569 respectively, at a significance value <0.05. Moreover, incorporating modern methods of construction as the mediating factor further enhances the project success rate. Thus, it can be depicted that in order to gain a maximum output from project management and integrated approaches to build the sustainable construction the role of modern methods of construction is critical. The research will help to bridge the gap between available extensive knowledge on sustainable construction and scant information on its successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future construction projects will need the implementation of industry 4.0 and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. The construction sector has, however, falling behind other industries in the application of these technologies and is currently facing considerable challenges. One of the industries that lag behind in the use of new innovative technological tools is the construction industry. This study reviews the research work in industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things as they relate to construction and examines key Ghana-based construction professionals and firms to ascertain their level of understanding of these emerging innovative technologies, including the challenges and benefits associated with their implementation. An extensive review of pertinent literature was done to help identify the important paradigms and variables which were cautiously tested. Adopting a quantitative research approach, the attained variables were used to design into a close-ended questionnaire. The sample frame was a survey of people from 154 construction experts and researchers with good standing by using the purposive sampling. Relative importance index (RII) analysis was used to analyzed the data. It was discovered from the findings that smart construction was the most popular industry 4.0 technology in the Ghanaian construction industry. The most important benefit of these technologies is that they will add sustainable policy requirements to tendering, with the most pressing technology being the lack of talent and skills in using industry 4.0 and IoT technologies. The scope of this research is based on the questionnaire survey, proving a sustainable pathway to the construction industry community, which creates its own significance by including key stakeholders and those affected by these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]