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Copyright of Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

DiGeorge's syndrome is one of the most frequent microdeletion syndromes and is associated with a high risk for neuropsychiatric disorders of intelligence, social communication and executive functioning as well as psychotic disorders. The male patient described here represents one of the rare descriptions of Tourette's syndrome on the basis of a 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. The following two case studies demonstrate the variety of related clinical presentations. A characterization of these patients in a clinical and scientific context by the means of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) enables a transdiagnostic description of overlapping as well as specific neuropsychiatric functional impairments. Possibly, this dimensional characterization might also facilitate a more exact differentiation of pleiotropic associations between genotype and phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and diverse rare neuropsychiatric disorders with psychomental retardation are often accompanied by comorbid problems concerning sleep onset and sleep maintenance. Measures of psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and behavioral treatment remain the primary treatment of choice. However if these approaches are not effective, medical treatment with melatonin may be an additional treatment alternative. Objective and methods: Based on Medline research, this article presents melatonin treatment results from metaanalyses, controlled treatment studies, and reviews. Results: In particular, we discuss the indication and duration of treatment regarding chronic sleep problems in neuropsychiatric disorders as well as the fact that in many cases the medical treatment of the primary disorder may influence the patient's sleep. Additionally, possible interactions between melatonin and other medications may occur. Conclusion: We conclude that melatonin is an effective and safe treatment option for sleep problems in neuropsychiatric diseases, if always implemented using a multimodal approach and, if possible, in an interval-related manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hintergrund: Neuronale Plastizität ist ein zentraler Mechanismus von Lernen und Erinnerung. Beeinträchtigungen neuronaler Plastizität werden als zentraler pathophysiologischer Mechanismus einer Vielzahl neuropädiatrischer und neurologischer Krankheitsbilder diskutiert.Fragestellung: Möglichkeiten und Perspektiven des Einsatzes der Neuromodulation bei neuropädiatrischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen mit veränderter neuronaler Plastizität.Material und Methoden: Darstellung und Diskussion der Untersuchungen neuronaler Plastizität bei Patienten mit Entwicklungsstörungen anhand eigener Arbeiten bei Patienten mit RASopathien, Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS) und Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom (GTS).Ergebnisse: Neurophysiologische Untersuchungen von Patienten mit RASopathien, ASS und GTS untermauern die pathophysiologische Relevanz abnormer neuronaler Plastizität bei diesen Erkrankungen. Die transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) findet dabei als neuromodulatives Verfahren Anwendung und kann sowohl in der Evaluation als auch Induktion neuronaler Plastizität eingesetzt werden.Diskussion: Neuronale Plastizität scheint ein wesentlicher pathophysiologischer Faktor bei Entwicklungsstörungen zu sein. Für den Einsatz bei Kindern mit neuropädiatrischen Krankheitsbildern eröffnen innovative Techniken neue Möglichkeiten für eine individualisierte TMS-Anwendung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychotherapeut is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)